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Toms, E.G.: What motivates the browser? (1999)
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- Abstract
- Browsing is considered to be unstructured and human-driven, although not a cognitively intensive process. It is conducted using systems that facilitate considerable user-system interactivity. Cued by the content, people immerse themselves in a topic of interest and meander from topic to topic while concurrently recognising interesting and informative information en route. They seem to seek and gather information in a purposeless, illogical and indiscriminate manner. Typical examples of these ostensibly random acts are scanning a non-fiction book, examining the morning newspaper, perusing the contents of a business report and scavenging the World Wide Web. Often the result is the acquisition of new information, the rejection or confirmation of an idea, or the genesis of new, perhaps not-wholly-formed thoughts about a topic. Noteworthy about this approach is that people explore information without having consciously structured queries or explicit goals. This form of passive information interaction behaviour is defined as acquiring and gathering information while scanning an information space without a specific goal in mind (Waterworth & Chignell, 1991; Toms, 1997), and for the purposes of this study, is called browsing. Traditionally, browsing is thought of in two ways: as a physical process - the action taken when one scans a list, a document, or a set of linked information nodes (e.g., Fox & Palay, 1979; Thompson & Croft, 1989; Ellis, 1989), and as a conceptual process, information seeking when the goal is ill-defined (e.g., Cove & Walsh, 1987). Browsing is also combined with searching in an integrated information-seeking process for retrieving information (e.g., Ellis, 1989; Belkin, Marchetti & Cool, 1993; Marchionini, 1995; Chang, 1995). Each of these cases focuses primarily on seeking information when the objective ranges from fuzzy to explicit.
- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:44:47
-
Bartlett, J.C.; Toms, E.G.: Developing a protocol for bioinformatics analysis : an integrated information behavior and task analysis approach (2005)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 14:28:55
-
O'Brien, H.L.; Toms, E.G.: What is user engagement? : a conceptual framework for defining user engagement with technology (2008)
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- Date
- 21. 3.2008 13:39:22
-
Dufour, C.; Bartlett, J.C.; Toms, E.G.: Understanding how webcasts are used as sources of information (2011)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2011 14:16:14
-
Wildemuth, B.; Freund, L.; Toms, E.G.: Untangling search task complexity and difficulty in the context of interactive information retrieval studies (2014)
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- Date
- 6. 4.2015 19:31:22
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Toms, E.G.: Task-based information searching and retrieval (2011)
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Toms, E.G.: Free-Neets : delivering information to the community (1994)
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-
Toms, E.G.; Duff, W.: "I spent 1 1/2 hours sifting through one large box ..." : diaries as information behavior of the archives user: lessons learned (2002)
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-
Toms, E.G.: Information interaction : providing a framework for information architcture (2002)
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Toms, E.G.: User-centered design of information systems (2009)
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Toms, E.G.; Freund, L.; Li, C.: WilRE: the Web Interactive information retrieval experimentation system prototype (2004)
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-
Freund, L.; Toms, E.G.: Interacting with archival finding aids (2016)
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-
Toms, E.G.; Campbell, D.G.; Blades, R.: Does genre define the shape of information? : the role of form and function in user interaction with digital documents (1999)
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- Abstract
- Documents belonging to a genre have a definite structure which has evolved within specific discourse communities to the point where its use is fixed and standardized. We speculate that such a structure exhibits a strong visual cue, facilitating document recognition and defining a shape of information. To test the concept of shape, 72 participants from two groups (half currently working in an academic setting and half from the general public) examined 24 documents typically used in the academic environment. The documents were in three versions: one based on form, in which the text was masked, leaving only the layout, a second based on content, in which the document was reduced to its semantic information only, and the full version, the original unaltered document. On examining each of the 24 documents (e.g., journal article, call for papers, annotated bibliography) in one of the three versions, participants identified: the type of document and, its recognizable and/or unfamiliar features. In addition, they assessed 8 print versions of the form document for suggestive features of shape. Two variables were tested: the genre element (form or content) and the participant's membership in the academic community. Not unexpectedly, participants identified more documents in the Full and Content versions than the Form versions. But Form versions were recognized twice as quickly as the other two versions. Thus when document shape was evident, the document was immediately discernible to participants; when participants were required to read the semantic content for a gist of the document and an extrapolation of its contents, it took more time. Surprisingly, discourse community had no effect
-
Toms, E.G.; Kinnucan, M.T.: ¬The effectiveness of the electronic city metaphor for organizing the menus of free-nets (1996)
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Toms, E.G.; Taves, A.R.: Measuring user perceptions of Web site reputation (2004)
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Toms, E.G.; O'Brien, H.L.: Understanding the information and communication technology needs of the e-humanist (2008)
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O'Brien, H.L.; Toms, E.G.: ¬The development and evaluation of a survey to measure user engagement (2010)
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McCay-Peet, L.; Toms, E.G.: Investigating serendipity : how it unfolds and what may influence it (2015)
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