Search (336 results, page 2 of 17)

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Abstract

The purpose of this selected bibliography is to introduce issues and problems in relation to thesaurus construction and to present a set of readings that may be used in practical thesaurus design. The concept of thesaurus is discussed, the purpose of the thesaurus and how the concept has evolved over the years according to new IR technologies. Different approaches to thesaurus construction are introduced, and readings dealing with specific problems and developments in the collection, formation and organisation of thesaurus concepts and terms are presented. Primarily manual construction methods are discussed, but the bibliography also refers to research about techniques for automatic thesaurus construction.

Date

18. 5.2006 20:06:22

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Date

8.12.2007 19:25:22

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Source

Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly

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a

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Abstract

After a period of experiment and evolution in the 1950s and 1960s, a fairly standard format for thesauri was established with the publication of the influential Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TEST) in 1967. This and other early thesauri relied primarily an the presentation of terms in alphabetical order. The value of a classified presentation was subsequently realised, and in particular the technique of facet analysis has profoundly influenced thesaurus evolution. Thesaurofacet and the Art & Architecture Thesaurus have acted as models for two distinct breeds of thesaurus using faceted displays of terms. As of the 1990s, the expansion of end-user access to vast networked resources is imposing further requirements an the style and structure of controlled vocabularies. The international standards for thesauri, first conceived in a print-based era, are badly in need of updating. Work is in hand in the UK and the USA to revise and develop standards in support of electronic thesauri.

Date

22. 9.2007 15:46:13

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a

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Abstract

The Nuovo soggettario, the official Italian subject indexing system edited by the National Central Library of Florence, is made up of interactive components, the core of which is a general thesaurus and some rules of a conventional syntax for subject string construction. The Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus is in compliance with ISO 25964: 2011-2013, IFLA LRM, and FAIR principle (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability). Its open data are available in the Zthes, MARC21, and in SKOS formats and allow for interoperability with l library, archive, and museum databases. The Thesaurus's macrostructure is organized into four fundamental macro-categories, thirteen categories, and facets. The facets allow for the orderly development of hierarchies, thereby limiting polyhierarchies and promoting the grouping of homogenous concepts. This paper addresses the main features and peculiarities which have characterized the consistent development of this categorical structure and its effects on the syntactic sphere in a predominantly pre-coordinated usage context.

Date

26.11.2023 18:59:22

Type

a

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Abstract

This paper describes a proposal for a new approach to thesaurus design and construction that could have significant implicantions for change in the way multilingual thesauri are handled and integrated with each other. The formula presented here has its origin in the work of the German Thesaurus Committee and has had input from a number of scientists and practitioners int he field. The emphasis is on the various types of relationships found among concepts, notiions and universals in languages. These relationships are analysed and refined beyond the approach taken in existing thesauri. This proposal is very much at the discussion stage and the author invites the assistance of interested readers through criticisms, discussion and dialogue. Applications of the proposed thesaurus are included and the major goal of this proposal is to provide the basis for improved desing and integration of multilingual thesauri

Source

Knowledge organization. 26(1999) no.1, S.10-22

Type

a

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Abstract

The need for Persian thesauri became apparent during the late 1960s with the advent of documentation centres in Iran. The first Persian controlled vocabulary was published by IRANDOC in 1977. Other centres worked on translations of existing thesauri, but it was soon realised that these efforts did not meet the needs of the centres. After the Islamic revolution in 1979, the foundation of new centres intensified the need for Persian thesauri, especially in the fields of history and government documents. Also, during the Iran-Iraq war, Iranian research centres produced reports in scientific and technical fields, both to support military requirements and to meet society's needs. In order to provide a comprehensive thesaurus, the Council of Scientific Research of Iran approved a project for the compilation of such a work. Nowadays, 12 Persian thesauri are available and others are being prepared, based on the literary corpus and conformity with characteristics of Iranian culture.

Source

Indexer. 25(2006) no.1, S.19-22

Type

a

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Abstract

Indexing consists of both novel and more traditional techniques. Cutting-edge indexing techniques, such as automatic indexing, ontologies, and topic maps, were developed independently of older techniques such as thesauri, but it is now recognized that these older methods also hold expertise. Indexing describes various traditional and novel indexing techniques, giving information professionals and students of library and information sciences a broad and comprehensible introduction to indexing. This title consists of twelve chapters: an Introduction to subject readings and theasauri; Automatic indexing versus manual indexing; Techniques applied in automatic indexing of text material; Automatic indexing of images; The black art of indexing moving images; Automatic indexing of music; Taxonomies and ontologies; Metadata formats and indexing; Tagging; Topic maps; Indexing the web; and The Semantic Web.

Date

24. 8.2016 14:03:22

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Abstract

Despite early claims to the contemporary, thesauri continue to find use as access tools for information in the full-text environment. Their mode of use is changing, but this change actually represents an expansion rather than a contrdiction of their utility. Thesauri and similar vocabulary tools can complement full-text access by aiding users in focusing their searches, by supplementing the linguistic analysis of the text search engine, and even by serving as one of the tools used by the linguistic engine for its analysis. While human indexing contunues to be used for many databases, the trend is to increase the use of machine aids for this purpose. All machine-aided indexing (MAI) systems rely on thesauri as the basis for term selection. In the 21st century, the balance of effort between human and machine will change at both input and output, but thesauri will continue to play an important role for the foreseeable future

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

Type

a

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Abstract

Calvin Mooers' work toward the resolution of the problem of ambiguity in indexing went unrecognized for years. At the time he introduced the "descriptor" - a term with a very distinct meaning-indexers were, for the most part, taking index terms directly from the document, without either rationalizing them with context or normalizing them with some kind of classification. It is ironic that Mooers' term came to be attached to the popular but unsophisticated indexing methods which he was trying to root out. Simply expressed, what Mooers did was to take the dictionary definitions of terms and redefine them so clearly that they could not be used in any context except that provided by the new definition. He did, at great pains, construct such meanings for over four hundred words; disambiguation and specificity were sought after and found for these words. He proposed that all indexers adopt this method so that when the index supplied a term, it also supplied the exact meaning for that term as used in the indexed document. The same term used differently in another document would be defined differently and possibly renamed to avoid ambiguity. The disambiguation was achieved by using unabridged dictionaries and other sources of defining terminology. In practice, this tends to produce circularity in definition, that is, word A refers to word B which refers to word C which refers to word A. It was necessary, therefore, to break this chain by creating a new, definitive meaning for each word. Eventually, means such as those used by Austin (q.v.) for PRECIS achieved the same purpose, but by much more complex means than just creating a unique definition of each term. Mooers, however, was probably the first to realize how confusing undefined terminology could be. Early automatic indexers dealt with distinct disciplines and, as long as they did not stray beyond disciplinary boundaries, a quick and dirty keyword approach was satisfactory. The trouble came when attempts were made to make a combined index for two or more distinct disciplines. A number of processes have since been developed, mostly involving tagging of some kind or use of strings. Mooers' solution has rarely been considered seriously and probably would be extremely difficult to apply now because of so much interdisciplinarity. But for a specific, weIl defined field, it is still weIl worth considering. Mooers received training in mathematics and physics from the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the founder of Zator Company, which developed and marketed a coded card information retrieval system, and of Rockford Research, Inc., which engages in research in information science. He is the inventor of the TRAC computer language.

Footnote

Original in: Information retrieval today: papers presented at an Institute conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962. Ed. by Wesley Simonton. Minneapolis, Minn.: The Center, 1963. S.21-36.

Source

Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al

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Abstract

Der Thesaurus als Dokumentationssprache wird in der DIN 1463-1in seinen wesentlichen Merkmalen beschrieben. Dort wird der Thesaurus im informationswissenschaftlichen Sinne so definiert: "Ein Thesaurus im Bereich der Information und Dokumentation ist eine geordnete Zusammenstellung von Begriffen und ihren (vorwiegend natürlichsprachigen) Bezeichnungen, die in einem Dokumentationsgebiet zum Indexieren, Speichern und Wiederauffinden dient. Er ist durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet: a) Begriffe und Bezeichnungen werden eindeutig aufeinander bezogen ("terminologische Kontrolle"), indem - Synonyme möglichst vollständig erfasst werden, - Homonyme und Polyseme besonders gekennzeichnet werden, - für jeden Begriff eine Bezeichnung (Vorzugsbenennung, Begriffsnummer oder Notation) festgelegt wird, die den Begriff eindeutig vertritt, b) Beziehungen zwischen Begriffen (repräsentiert durch ihre Bezeichnungen) werden dargestellt." Diese Definition wäre zu ergänzen um folgende: c) Der Thesaurus ist präskriptiv, indem er für seinen Geltungsbereich festlegt, welche begrifflichen Einheiten zur Verfügung gestellt werden und durch welche Bezeichnungen diese repräsentiert werden. Im Folgenden sollen die wichtigsten Elemente und Prinzipien von Thesauri und die Thesaurusmethodik vorgestellt werden. Dies kann in diesem Rahmen nur auf eine sehr kursorische und allgemeine Art und Weise geschehen. Außerdem beschränkt sich die Darstellung auf den Thesauruseinsatz im klassischen Bereich von Information und Dokumentation. Auf die Behandlung von Spezialproblemen oder auf besondere Thesaurusformen (z.B. mehrsprachige Thesauri) kann hier nicht eingegangen werden, ebenso auf die erweiterten Anforderungen, die an Thesauri im Kontext von Wissensrepräsentation oder Hypertext zu stellen sind. Allerdings überschneidet sich der klassische IuD-Bereich zunehmend mit erweiterten Formen (etwa im Rahmen von Internetanwendungen). Da der Thesaurus im dokumentarischen Sinn alle Grundelemente des Thesaurusprinzips in klarer Form aufweist, wird dieser Bereich für eine Einführung gewählt. Für eine intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik wird die Lektüre von Wersig empfohlen, auf den sich auch die folgenden Ausführungen in weiten Teilen stützen. Eine weitere grundsätzliche Einführung in diesen Bereich, allerdings eher ausgerichtet auf die Spezifika des englischen Sprachraums, findet sich bei Lancaster.

Date

5. 4.2013 10:18:22

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a

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Date

26. 9.2006 21:00:22

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Series

Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.22

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Type

a

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Type

a

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Abstract

Describes a specific application of domain analysis to the construction of thesauri to exploit domain analysis' ability to construct valid domain representations and determine fuzzy limits that normally define specific domains. The system employs a structure, called a Software Thesaurus (developed from a descriptor thesaurus), as a repository to store the information regarding specific domains. The domain representation is constructued semi automatically and can be used as a means of semiautomatic thesaurus generation

Type

a

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Footnote

The maintenance of a linguistic tool: the anomalies of a thesaurus and proposals for their solution

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Type

a

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Type

a

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Abstract

In 1987 the Department of Library and Information Science at the University of South Africa committed itself to a research programme on community information. As part of that programme, the Department's Centre for Library and Information Service is compiling a prototype resource file of community information for a well-defined community in the Pretoria municipality. To retrieve information from the file, the Centre adopted an alphabetical approach, which necessitated a thesaurus. Instead of developing a thesaurus for the specific needs of the particular community, a "master" thesaurus, applicable to South African communities can be generated. The development of this South African "master" thesaurus for community information is described and the results reviewed.

Type

a