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  1. Malsburg, C. von der: Concerning the neuronal code (2018) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    The central problem with understanding brain and mind is the neural code issue: understanding the matter of our brain as basis for the phenomena of our mind. The richness with which our mind represents our environment, the parsimony of genetic data, the tremendous efficiency with which the brain learns from scant sensory input and the creativity with which our mind constructs mental worlds all speak in favor of mind as an emergent phenomenon. This raises the further issue of how the neural code supports these processes of organization. The central point of this communication is that the neural code has the form of structured net fragments that are formed by network self-organization, activate and de-activate on the functional time scale, and spontaneously combine to form larger nets with the same basic structure.
    Date
    27.12.2020 16:56:22
    Type
    a
  2. Belabbes, M.A.; Ruthven, I.; Moshfeghi, Y.; Rasmussen Pennington, D.: Information overload : a concept analysis (2023) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    Purpose With the shift to an information-based society and to the de-centralisation of information, information overload has attracted a growing interest in the computer and information science research communities. However, there is no clear understanding of the meaning of the term, and while there have been many proposed definitions, there is no consensus. The goal of this work was to define the concept of "information overload". In order to do so, a concept analysis using Rodgers' approach was performed. Design/methodology/approach A concept analysis using Rodgers' approach based on a corpus of documents published between 2010 and September 2020 was conducted. One surrogate for "information overload", which is "cognitive overload" was identified. The corpus of documents consisted of 151 documents for information overload and ten for cognitive overload. All documents were from the fields of computer science and information science, and were retrieved from three databases: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, SCOPUS and Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). Findings The themes identified from the authors' concept analysis allowed us to extract the triggers, manifestations and consequences of information overload. They found triggers related to information characteristics, information need, the working environment, the cognitive abilities of individuals and the information environment. In terms of manifestations, they found that information overload manifests itself both emotionally and cognitively. The consequences of information overload were both internal and external. These findings allowed them to provide a definition of information overload. Originality/value Through the authors' concept analysis, they were able to clarify the components of information overload and provide a definition of the concept.
    Date
    22. 4.2023 19:27:56
    Type
    a
  3. Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006) 0.04 
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    Date
    13. 7.2008 19:22:28
    Type
    a
  4. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
    Type
    a
  5. Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    This paper suggests a framework and systematic definitions for 6 words commonly used in dthe field of information science: data, information, knowledge, wisdom, inspiration, and intelligence. We intend these definitions to lead to a quantification of information science, a quantification that will enable their measurement, manipulastion, and prediction.
    Date
    22. 2.2007 18:56:23
    22. 2.2007 19:22:13
    Type
    a
  6. Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989) 0.03 
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    Source
    Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
    Type
    a
  7. Totemeyer, A.-J.: Speaking from a book : the transfer of de-recorded information to the information starved (1994) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Comments that printed media and related services in Africa have failed to promote a reading culture and illiteracy is on the increase, possibly as a result of wrong assumptions on the part of so called developers. A greater understanding of the potential of oral communication in the transfer of appropriate of information from books is needed. The mediator communicates or derecords, the information in books by orally translating those parts appropriate to a specific group, in their mother tongue. 1 year certificates and 2 year diplomas in appropriate community librarianship, should be instituted to train, preferably Africans, for this work
    Type
    a
  8. Raber, D.; Budd, J.M.: Information as sign : semiotics and information science (2003) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    From the perspective of semiotics, "information" is an ambiguous theoretical concept because the word is used to represent both signifier and signified, both text and content. Using the work of Fernand de Saussure, this paper explores theoretical possibilities that open by virtue of understanding information as sign. Of particular interest is the way semiotics suggests ways to bridge the theoretical gap between information as thing and information as cognitive phenomenon by positing information as a cultural phenomenon.
    Type
    a
  9. Robertson, G.: What is information? (1996) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Discusses information in the context of information resources management arguing that it is an essential resource for every organization but one that needs to be managed better. Examines information as a resource, as an asset, as a commodity, as a rubbish
    Source
    Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23
    Type
    a
  10. Bastos Leite, A.J. de; Paletta, F.C.; Silva Martins, M.F. da; Silveira, T.: ¬The role of neuroscience in information and knowledge appropriation (2018) 0.03 
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    Type
    a
  11. Cole, C.: Operationalizing the notion of information as a subjective construct (1994) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    We discuss information by attempting to operationalize it using: (1) Dervin and Nilan's idea that information is a subjective construct rather than an objective thing; (2) Brookes's idea that information is that which modifies knowledge structure; and (3) Neisser's idea that perception is top-down or schemata driven to the point of paradoxon. De Mey, Minsky's theorem of frames, and top-down and bottom-up models from reading theory are discussed. We conclude that information must be rare because only rare information can modify knowledge structure at its upper levels, and that to modify knowledge structure at its upper levels (its essence) information may have to enter the perception cycle in 2 stages
    Type
    a
  12. Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000) 0.03 
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    Date
    31. 7.2001 20:22:57
    Footnote
    Thematisierung der Verschiebung des Verständnisses von Wissensmanagement; vgl. auch: Day, R.E.: Totality and representation: a history of knowledge management ... in: JASIS 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735
    Type
    a
  13. Malheiro da Silva, A.; Ribeiro, F.: Documentation / Information and their paradigms : characterization and importance in research, education, and professional practice (2012) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Since 2004, the authors have designed a proposal of paradigms for the Documentation-Information field, which starts from a comprehensive meaning of the concept and is based on identifying the presence of a custodial, cultural, historicist- and-humanist, and technicist paradigm that has shaped the professional activity, education, and public policies of the archival, librarian, and museologist universe from the early 1800s to the mid-20th century. It also includes pointin out the emergence of a new post-custodial, informational, and scientific paradigm, generated by the profound changes taking place worldwide and that are summarized in strong, yet too generic, expressions such as "information era" or "globalization." This paper characterizes the two paradigms proposed, highlighting their dominant traits and showing their operational relevance at the level of education, research, and professional practice.
    Footnote
    Beitrag im Rahmen einer Special Section: Papers from the 10th ISKO Spanish Chapter Conference (X Congreso Capítulo Español de ISKO), Ferrol, Spain, 30 June-1 July, 2011.
    Type
    a
  14. Fremery, W. de; Buckland, M.K.: Copy theory (2022) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In information science, writing, printing, telecommunication, and digital computing have been central concerns because of their ability to distribute information. Overlooked is the obvious fact that these technologies fashion copies, and the theorizing of copies has been neglected. We may think a copy is the same as what it copies, but no two objects can really be the same. "The same" means similar enough as an acceptable substitute for some purpose. The differences between usefully similar things are also often important, in forensic analysis, for example, or inferential processes. Status as a copy is only one form of relationship between objects, but copies are so integral to information science that they demand a theory. Indeed, theorizing copies provides a basis for a more complete and unified view of information science.
    Type
    a
  15. Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022) 0.02 
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    Date
    18. 8.2022 19:22:57
    Type
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  16. Bates, M.J.: Fundamental forms of information (2006) 0.02 
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    Content
    Vgl. Erwiderung: Hjoerland, B.: The controversy over the concept of information: a rejoinder to Professor Bates. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.643.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:15:22
    Type
    a
  17. Mahon, B.: Electronic information : 12 years of progress; what will happen in the next 12 years? (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Presents a sceptical review of the past 12 years of development of electronic information and looks forward to the next 12. On the positive side, 12 years of development mean that we now have: much more information available; better presentation of that information; better access to it, on balance; and a better understanding of information value. On the negative side, we now have: more expectations than we can deliver; a belief that a simple 'point and click' interface is available information; overselling of information; and new players threatening some of the older ones. Issues involving change in the future include: information ownership and users', authors' and distribuors' rights; new methods for managing information; dealing with information overload and filtering information for users; managing information in multiple modes; and organizing the payment for information delivered in multiple modes and through multiple channels
    Source
    Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 20(1997) no.2, S.182-188
    Type
    a
  18. Swigon, M.: Information limits : definition, typology and types (2011) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - This paper seeks to organize the extensive field and to compile the complete list of information limits. Design/methodology/approach - A thorough analysis of literature from the field beginning with the 1960s up to the present has been performed. Findings - A universal typology of information limits has been proposed. A list of barriers mentioned in the literature of the subject has been compiled. Research limitations/implications - The term "information limits" is not commonly used. Originality/value - The complete list of information limits with bibliographical hints (helpful for future research) is presented.
    Date
    12. 7.2011 18:22:52
    Type
    a
  19. Information literacy : a position paper on information problem solving; American Association of School Librarians Position Statement (1995) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Adopted and formatted in 1994 and reprinted with the permission of the American Association of School Librarians. Information literacy is the term being applied to the skills of information problem solving. Identifies the key elements of information literacy and presents a rationale for integrating information literacy into all aspects of the K-12 and post secondary curriculum
    Date
    11. 4.1996 14:22:40
    Type
    a
  20. Tononi, G.: Consciousness as integrated information : a provisional manifesto (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The integrated information theory (IIT) starts from phenomenology and makes use of thought experiments to claim that consciousness is integrated information. Specifically: (i) the quantity of consciousness corresponds to the amount of integrated information generated by a complex of elements; (ii) the quality of experience is specified by the set of informational relationships generated within that complex. Integrated information (PHI) is defined as the amount of information generated by a complex of elements, above and beyond the information generated by its parts. Qualia space (Q) is a space where each axis represents a possible state of the complex, each point is a probability distribution of its states, and arrows between points represent the informational relationships among its elements generated by causal mechanisms (connections). Together, the set of informational relationships within a complex constitute a shape in Q that completely and univocally specifies a particular experience. Several observations concerning the neural substrate of consciousness fall naturally into place within the IIT framework. Among them are the association of consciousness with certain neural systems rather than with others; the fact that neural processes underlying consciousness can influence or be influenced by neural processes that remain unconscious; the reduction of consciousness during dreamless sleep and generalized seizures; and the distinct role of different cortical architectures in affecting the quality of experience. Equating consciousness with integrated information carries several implications for our view of nature.
    Content
    Vgl.: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/25470707. Vgl. auch: Tononi, G.: Integrated information theory of consciousness: an updated account. In: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 150(2012), p.290-326.
    Type
    a

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