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  • × theme_ss:"Multilinguale Probleme"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Holley, R.P.: ¬The Répertoire de Vedettes-matière de l'Université Laval Library, 1946-92 : Francophone subject access in North America and Europe (2002) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    In 1946, the Université Laval in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, started using Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) in French by creating an authority list, Répertoire de Vedettes-matière (RVM), whose first published edition appeared in 1962. In the 1970s, the most important libraries in Canada with an interest in French-language cataloging - the Université de Montréal, the Bibliothèque Nationale du Canada, and the Bibliothèque Nationale du Quebec - forged partnerships with the Université Laval to support RVM. In 1974, the Bibliothèque Publique d'Information, Centre Pompidou, Paris, France became the first library in Europe to adopt RVM. During the 1980s, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF) created an authority list, RAMEAU, based upon RVM, which is used by numerous French libraries of all types. The major libraries in Luxembourg adopted RVM in 1985. Individual libraries in Belgium also use RVM, often in combination with LCSH. The spread of RVM in the francophone world reflects the increasing importance of the pragmatic North American tradition of shared cataloging and library cooperation. RVM and its European versions are based upon literary warrant and make changes to LCSH to reflect the specific cultural and linguistic meeds of their user communities. While the users of RVM seek to harmonize the various versions, differences in terminology and probably syntax are inevitable.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
    Type
    a
  2. Pfäffli, W.: ¬La qualité des résultats de recherche dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) : vers un élargissement des ensembles de résultats de recherche (2009) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Cette étude aborde la problématique de la qualité des résultats de recherche obtenus par l'intermédiaire de liens établis dans le cadre du projet MACS (Multilingual Access to Subjects) en considérant plus particulièrement la perspective de l'usager. Elle cherche à démontrer que ces liens, dans leur définition actuelle, ne sont à eux seuls pas en mesure de garantir des résultats satisfaisants pour un usager et qu'ils doivent être complétés par d'autres mesures. Elle se compose de trois parties principales : - la première partie présente le contexte général : après un bref historique, les principes de base du projet MACS et les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'évaluation de résultats de recherche sont expliqués. La question des différentes perspectives de l'indexeur et de l'usager est plus particulièrement développée. - la seconde partie présente les tests sur les titres communs à plusieurs bibliothèques qui ont été effectués et énumère les différents facteurs qui affaiblissent la qualité des résultats et empêchent notamment l'usager de retrouver des titres pertinents. - la troisième partie contient quelques pistes susceptibles de remédier aux biais relevés dans la deuxième partie et s'interroge sur les caractéristiques d'une interface de recherche, qui permettraient d'améliorer une recherche thématique multilingue.
    Conclusion Le tout premier point de départ de cette étude était le principe de validation des liens par la cohérence des résultats. Nous avons vu que ce principe jour un rôle très important dans la problématique générale de l'interopérabilité entre systèmes documentaires, bien qu'il ne soit pas sans soulever de nombreuses questions pratiques lors de sa mise en oeuvre concrète, questions auxquelles aucune étude n'a pour le moment offert de réponse détaillée qui puisse servir à élaborer un début de méthodologie. Mais nous avons surtout vu lors de l'étude d'exemples concrets que nous nous mouvons dans un contexte influencé par de nombreux facteurs, en grande partie, peu ou difficilement prévisibles : vouloir obtenir deux ensembles de titres pertinents clairement définis, en devant tenir compte du contexte culturel des fonds qui sont comparés, des différences de structure des langages documentaires, des politiques d'indexation, de la subjectivité des indexeurs et enfin des paramètres des moteurs de recherche, relève de la gageure !
    L'examen des titres communs nous a montré qu'en tous les cas, une partie des titres pertinents échapperaient à une requête effectuée par l'intermédiaire du lien. Il nous semble donc plus important que les efforts se concentrent sur les moyens d'effectivement donner un accès à des documents potentiellement pertinents plutôt que de définir plus précisément la qualité des liens au vu des résultats. Une première voie est le recours aux relations hiérarchiques des langages documentaires, mais nous avons vu qu'elles ne sont pas en mesure d'apporter une solution dans tous les cas. Le recours à une classification, à une ontologie ou à des techniques de traitement automatique du langage sont d'autres voies à explorer, qui peuvent éviter de devoir multiplier les liens, et par là compliquer encore leur gestion. En chemin, nous avons rencontré , mais sans pouvoir les aborder, encore bien d'autres questions, qui sont toutes autant de défis supplémentaires à relever, comme le problème de l'accès aux titres non indexés ou le problème de l'évolution des langages documentaires et donc de la mise à jour des liens. Nous avons aussi laissé de côté les questions techniques de l'accès de l'interface aux différents catalogues et des possibilités de présentations des résultats de recherche proprement dits (par bibliothèque interrogée ou réunis en un ensemble, ranking). Il reste ainsi assez à faire jusqu'au jour où un usager pourra entrer un terme de recherche dans une interface conviviale, qui lui ouvrira un accès thématique simple mais complet aux ressources des bibliothèques d'Europe, puis du monde !
  3. Freitas-Junior, H.R.; Ribeiro-Neto, B.A.; Freitas-Vale, R. de; Laender, A.H.F.; Lima, L.R.S. de: Categorization-driven cross-language retrieval of medical information (2006) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    The Web has become a large repository of documents (or pages) written in many different languages. In this context, traditional information retrieval (IR) techniques cannot be used whenever the user query and the documents being retrieved are in different languages. To address this problem, new cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques have been proposed. In this work, we describe a method for cross-language retrieval of medical information. This method combines query terms and related medical concepts obtained automatically through a categorization procedure. The medical concepts are used to create a linguistic abstraction that allows retrieval of information in a language-independent way, minimizing linguistic problems such as polysemy. To evaluate our method, we carried out experiments using the OHSUMED test collection, whose documents are written in English, with queries expressed in Portuguese, Spanish, and French. The results indicate that our cross-language retrieval method is as effective as a standard vector space model algorithm operating on queries and documents in the same language. Further, our results are better than previous results in the literature.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 16:46:36
    Type
    a
  4. Dabbadie, M.; Blancherie, J.M.: Alexandria, a multilingual dictionary for knowledge management purposes (2006) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    Alexandria is an innovation of international impact. It is the only multilingual dictionary for websites and PCs. A double click on a word opens a small window that gives interactive translations between 22 languages and includes meaning, synonyms and associated expressions. It is an ASP application grounded on a semantic network that is portable on any operating system or platform. Behind the application is the Integral Dictionary is the semantic network created by Memodata. Alexandria can be customized with specific vocabulary, descriptive articles, images, sounds, videos, etc. Its domains of application are considerable: e-tourism, online medias, language learning, international websites. Alexandria has also proved to be a basic tool for knowledge management purposes. The application can be customized according to a user or an organization needs. An application dedicated to mobile devices is currently being developed. Future developments are planned in the field of e-tourism in relation with French "pôles de compétitivité".
    Source
    Knowledge organization for a global learning society: Proceedings of the 9th International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Hrsg.: G. Budin, C. Swertz u. K. Mitgutsch
    Type
    a
  5. MacEwan, A.: Crossing language barriers in Europe : Linking LCSH to other subject heading languages (2000) 0.07 
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    Abstract
    A study group representing four European national libraries (the Swiss National Library, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, the Bibliothèque nationale de France and The British Library) recently conducted a study on the possibility of establishing multilingual thesaural links between the headings in the LCSH authority file and the authority files of the German indexing system SWD/RSWK and the French indexing system RAMEAU. The study demonstrated a high level of correspondence in main headings, but also revealed a number of issues requiring further investigation. The study group's findings led to recommendations on the scope for the development of a prototype system for linking the three Subject Heading Languages (SHLs) in the databases of the four institutions
    Date
    27. 5.2001 16:22:10
    Type
    a
  6. Weiss, A.; Wieden, W.: ¬Die Herstellung mehrsprachiger Informations- und Wissensressourcen in Unternehmen (2000) 0.03 
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    Source
    Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
    Type
    a
  7. Gödert, W.: Ontological spine, localization and multilingual access : some reflections and a proposal (2008) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    In this paper the following problem is discussed: Which possibilities exist to integrate localized knowledge into knowledge structures like classification systems or other documentary languages for the design of OPACs and information systems? It is proposed to combine a de-localized classificatory structure - best describes as 'ontological spine' - with multilingual semantic networks. Each of these networks should represent the respective localized knowledge along an extended set of typed semantic relations serving as entry points vocabulary as well as a semantic basis for navigational purposes within the localized knowledge context. The spine should enable a link between well-known and not well-known knowledge structures.
    Type
    a
  8. Francu, V.: Multilingual access to information using an intermediate language (2003) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    While being theoretically so widely available, information can be restricted from a more general use by linguistic barriers. The linguistic aspects of the information languages and particularly the chances of an enhanced access to information by means of multilingual access facilities will make the substance of this thesis. The main problem of this research is thus to demonstrate that information retrieval can be improved by using multilingual thesaurus terms based on an intermediate or switching language to search with. Universal classification systems in general can play the role of switching languages for reasons dealt with in the forthcoming pages. The Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) in particular is the classification system used as example of a switching language for our objectives. The question may arise: why a universal classification system and not another thesaurus? Because the UDC like most of the classification systems uses symbols. Therefore, it is language independent and the problems of compatibility between such a thesaurus and different other thesauri in different languages are avoided. Another question may still arise? Why not then, assign running numbers to the descriptors in a thesaurus and make a switching language out of the resulting enumerative system? Because of some other characteristics of the UDC: hierarchical structure and terminological richness, consistency and control. One big problem to find an answer to is: can a thesaurus be made having as a basis a classification system in any and all its parts? To what extent this question can be given an affirmative answer? This depends much on the attributes of the universal classification system which can be favourably used to this purpose. Examples of different situations will be given and discussed upon beginning with those classes of UDC which are best fitted for building a thesaurus structure out of them (classes which are both hierarchical and faceted)...
    Content
    Inhalt: INFORMATION LANGUAGES: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH MULTILINGUAL ASPECTS IN INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL COMPATIBILITY AND CONVERTIBILITY OF INFORMATION LANGUAGES CURRENT TRENDS IN MULTILINGUAL ACCESS BUILDING UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURI ONLINE APPLICATIONS OF THE UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURI THE IMPACT OF SPECIFICITY ON THE RETRIEVAL POWER OF A UDC-BASED MULTILINGUAL THESAURUS FINAL REMARKS AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van doctor in de Taal- en Letterkunde aan de Universiteit Antwerpen. - Vgl.: http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/1862/.
  9. Schirmer, K.; Haller, J.: Zugang zu mehrsprachigen Nachrichten im Internet (2000) 0.02 
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    Source
    Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
    Type
    a
  10. Reinisch, F.: Wer suchet - der findet? : oder Die Überwindung der sprachlichen Grenzen bei der Suche in Volltextdatenbanken (2000) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 17:48:06
    Type
    a
  11. Park, J.-r.: Cross-lingual name and subject access : mechanisms and challenge (2007) 0.02 
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    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
    Type
    a
  12. Chen, H.-H.; Lin, W.-C.; Yang, C.; Lin, W.-H.: Translating-transliterating named entities for multilingual information access (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Named entities are major constituents of a document but are usually unknown words. This work proposes a systematic way of dealing with formulation, transformation, translation, and transliteration of multilingual-named entities. The rules and similarity matrices for translation and transliteration are learned automatically from parallel-named-entity corpora. The results are applied in cross-language access to collections of images with captions. Experimental results demonstrate that the similarity-based transliteration of named entities is effective, and runs in which transliteration is considered outperform the runs in which it is neglected.
    Date
    4. 6.2006 19:52:22
    Type
    a
  13. Fulford, H.: Monolingual or multilingual web sites? : An exploratory study of UK SMEs (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The strategic importance of the internet as a tool for penetrating global markets is increasingly being realized by UK-based SMEs (Small- Medium-sized Enterprises). This may be evidenced by the proliferation over the past few years of SME web sites promoting products and services, and more recently still by the growing number of SMEs offering facilities on their web sites for conducting business transactions online. In this paper, we report on an exploratory study considering the use being made of the world wide web by UK-based SMEs. The study is focussed on the strategies SMEs are employing to communicate via the web with an international client base. We investigate in particular the languages being used to present web content, considering specifically the extent to which English is being employed. Preliminary results obtained to date suggest that there is heavy reliance on the assumption that the language of the web is English. Based on the findings of our study, we discuss some of the performance and competition issues surrounding the use of foreign languages in business, and consider some of the possible barriers to SMEs creating multilingual web sites. We conclude by making some recommendations for SMEs endeavouring to establish a multilingual online presence, and note the strategic role to be played by web designers, IT consultants, business strategists, professional translators, and localization specialists to help achieve this presence effectively and professionally
    Source
    Sprachtechnologie für eine dynamische Wirtschaft im Medienzeitalter - Language technologies for dynamic business in the age of the media - L'ingénierie linguistique au service de la dynamisation économique à l'ère du multimédia: Tagungsakten der XXVI. Jahrestagung der Internationalen Vereinigung Sprache und Wirtschaft e.V., 23.-25.11.2000, Fachhochschule Köln. Hrsg.: K.-D. Schmitz
    Type
    a
  14. Dilevko, J.; Dali, K.: ¬The challenge of building multilingual collections in Canadian public libraries (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    A Web-based survey was conducted to determine the extent to which Canadian public libraries are collecting multilingual materials (foreign languages other than English and French), the methods that they use to select these materials, and whether public librarians are sufficiently prepared to provide their multilingual clientele with an adequate range of materials and services. There is room for improvement with regard to collection development of multilingual materials in Canadian public libraries, as well as in educating staff about keeping multilingual collections current, diverse, and of sufficient interest to potential users to keep such materials circulating. The main constraints preventing public libraries from developing better multilingual collections are addressed, and recommendations for improving the state of multilingual holdings are provided.
    Date
    10. 9.2000 17:38:22
    Type
    a
  15. Seo, H.-C.; Kim, S.-B.; Rim, H.-C.; Myaeng, S.-H.: lmproving query translation in English-Korean Cross-language information retrieval (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Query translation is a viable method for cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), but it suffers from translation ambiguities caused by multiple translations of individual query terms. Previous research has employed various methods for disambiguation, including the method of selecting an individual target query term from multiple candidates by comparing their statistical associations with the candidate translations of other query terms. This paper proposes a new method where we examine all combinations of target query term translations corresponding to the source query terms, instead of looking at the candidates for each query term and selecting the best one at a time. The goodness value for a combination of target query terms is computed based on the association value between each pair of the terms in the combination. We tested our method using the NTCIR-3 English-Korean CLIR test collection. The results show some improvements regardless of the association measures we used.
    Date
    26.12.2007 20:22:38
    Type
    a
  16. Larkey, L.S.; Connell, M.E.: Structured queries, language modelling, and relevance modelling in cross-language information retrieval (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Two probabilistic approaches to cross-lingual retrieval are in wide use today, those based on probabilistic models of relevance, as exemplified by INQUERY, and those based on language modeling. INQUERY, as a query net model, allows the easy incorporation of query operators, including a synonym operator, which has proven to be extremely useful in cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), in an approach often called structured query translation. In contrast, language models incorporate translation probabilities into a unified framework. We compare the two approaches on Arabic and Spanish data sets, using two kinds of bilingual dictionaries--one derived from a conventional dictionary, and one derived from a parallel corpus. We find that structured query processing gives slightly better results when queries are not expanded. On the other hand, when queries are expanded, language modeling gives better results, but only when using a probabilistic dictionary derived from a parallel corpus. We pursue two additional issues inherent in the comparison of structured query processing with language modeling. The first concerns query expansion, and the second is the role of translation probabilities. We compare conventional expansion techniques (pseudo-relevance feedback) with relevance modeling, a new IR approach which fits into the formal framework of language modeling. We find that relevance modeling and pseudo-relevance feedback achieve comparable levels of retrieval and that good translation probabilities confer a small but significant advantage.
    Date
    26.12.2007 20:22:11
    Type
    a
  17. Bian, G.-W.; Chen, H.-H.: Cross-language information access to multilingual collections on the Internet (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Language barrier is the major problem that people face in searching for, retrieving, and understanding multilingual collections on the Internet. This paper deals with query translation and document translation in a Chinese-English information retrieval system called MTIR. Bilingual dictionary and monolingual corpus-based approaches are adopted to select suitable tranlated query terms. A machine transliteration algorithm is introduced to resolve proper name searching. We consider several design issues for document translation, including which material is translated, what roles the HTML tags play in translation, what the tradeoff is between the speed performance and the translation performance, and what from the translated result is presented in. About 100.000 Web pages translated in the last 4 months of 1997 are used for quantitative study of online and real-time Web page translation
    Date
    16. 2.2000 14:22:39
    Type
    a
  18. Levergood, B.; Farrenkopf, S.; Frasnelli, E.: ¬The specification of the language of the field and interoperability : cross-language access to catalogues and online libraries (CACAO) (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The CACAO Project (Cross-language Access to Catalogues and Online Libraries) has been designed to implement natural language processing and cross-language information retrieval techniques to provide cross-language access to information in libraries, a critical issue in the linguistically diverse European Union. This project report addresses two metadata-related challenges for the library community in this context: "false friends" (identical words having different meanings in different languages) and term ambiguity. The possible solutions involve enriching the metadata with attributes specifying language or the source authority file, or associating potential search terms to classes in a classification system. The European Library will evaluate an early implementation of this work in late 2008.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Type
    a
  19. Subirats, I.; Prasad, A.R.D.; Keizer, J.; Bagdanov, A.: Implementation of rich metadata formats and demantic tools using DSpace (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This poster explores the customization of DSpace to allow the use of the AGRIS Application Profile metadata standard and the AGROVOC thesaurus. The objective is the adaptation of DSpace, through the least invasive code changes either in the form of plug-ins or add-ons, to the specific needs of the Agricultural Sciences and Technology community. Metadata standards such as AGRIS AP, and Knowledge Organization Systems such as the AGROVOC thesaurus, provide mechanisms for sharing information in a standardized manner by recommending the use of common semantics and interoperable syntax (Subirats et al., 2007). AGRIS AP was created to enhance the description, exchange and subsequent retrieval of agricultural Document-like Information Objects (DLIOs). It is a metadata schema which draws from Metadata standards such as Dublin Core (DC), the Australian Government Locator Service Metadata (AGLS) and the Agricultural Metadata Element Set (AgMES) namespaces. It allows sharing of information across dispersed bibliographic systems (FAO, 2005). AGROVOC68 is a multilingual structured thesaurus covering agricultural and related domains. Its main role is to standardize the indexing process in order to make searching simpler and more efficient. AGROVOC is developed by FAO (Lauser et al., 2006). The customization of the DSpace is taking place in several phases. First, the AGRIS AP metadata schema was mapped onto the metadata DSpace model, with several enhancements implemented to support AGRIS AP elements. Next, AGROVOC will be integrated as a controlled vocabulary accessed through a local SKOS or OWL file. Eventually the system will be configurable to access AGROVOC through local files or remotely via webservices. Finally, spell checking and tooltips will be incorporated in the user interface to support metadata editing. Adapting DSpace to support AGRIS AP and annotation using the semantically-rich AGROVOC thesaurus transform DSpace into a powerful, domain-specific system for annotation and exchange of bibliographic metadata in the agricultural domain.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Type
    a
  20. Dini, L.: CACAO : multilingual access to bibliographic records (2007) 0.01 
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    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".

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