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Ibrahim, G.M.; Taylor, M.: Krebszellen manipulieren Neurone : Gliome (2023)
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- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2023, H.10, S.22-24
- Type
- a
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
- Type
- a
-
Koch, C.: Was ist Bewusstsein? (2020)
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- Date
- 17. 1.2020 22:15:11
- Source
- Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 2020, H.2, S.12-17
- Type
- a
-
Baecker, D.: ¬Der Frosch, die Fliege und der Mensch : zum Tod von Humberto Maturana (2021)
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- Biographed
- Maturana, H.
- Date
- 7. 5.2021 22:10:24
- Type
- a
-
Eyert, F.: Mathematische Wissenschaftskommunikation in der digitalen Gesellschaft (2023)
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- Source
- Mitteilungen der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung. 2023, H.1, S.22-25
- Type
- a
-
Heisig, P.: Informationswissenschaft für Wissensmanager : Was Wissensmanager von der informationswissenschaftlichen Forschung lernen können (2021)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2021 14:38:21
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 72(2021) H.1, S.10-18
- Type
- a
-
Bager, J.: ¬Die Text-KI ChatGPT schreibt Fachtexte, Prosa, Gedichte und Programmcode (2023)
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- Date
- 29.12.2022 18:22:55
- Source
- c't. 2023, H.1, S.46- [https://www.heise.de/select/ct/2023/1/2233908274346530870]
- Type
- a
-
Bargmann, S.; Blumesberger, S.; Gruber, A.; Luef, E.; Steltzer, R.: Sacherschließung geschlechtergerecht?! : Rückblick auf den Online-Workshop am 11. Mai 2022 und Aufruf zu gemeinsamen Aktivitäten (2022)
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- Date
- 15. 2.2023 14:30:22
- Location
- A
- Source
- Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare. 75(2022) H.2, S.499-516
- Type
- a
-
Geras, A.; Siudem, G.; Gagolewski, M.: Should we introduce a dislike button for academic articles? (2020)
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- Abstract
- There is a mutual resemblance between the behavior of users of the Stack Exchange and the dynamics of the citations accumulation process in the scientific community, which enabled us to tackle the outwardly intractable problem of assessing the impact of introducing "negative" citations. Although the most frequent reason to cite an article is to highlight the connection between the 2 publications, researchers sometimes mention an earlier work to cast a negative light. While computing citation-based scores, for instance, the h-index, information about the reason why an article was mentioned is neglected. Therefore, it can be questioned whether these indices describe scientific achievements accurately. In this article we shed insight into the problem of "negative" citations, analyzing data from Stack Exchange and, to draw more universal conclusions, we derive an approximation of citations scores. Here we show that the quantified influence of introducing negative citations is of lesser importance and that they could be used as an indicator of where the attention of the scientific community is allocated.
- Date
- 6. 1.2020 18:10:22
- Type
- a
-
¬Der Student aus dem Computer (2023)
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- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
- Type
- a
-
Park, M.S.; Park, J.H.; Kim, H.; Lee, J.H.; Park, H.: Measuring the impacts of quantity and trustworthiness of information on COVID-19 vaccination intent (2023)
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- Abstract
- The COVID-19 crisis provided an opportunity for information professionals to rethink the role of information in individuals' decision making such as vaccine uptake. Unlike previous studies, which often considered information as a single factor among others, this study examined the impact of the quantity and trustworthiness of information on people's adoption of information for vaccination decisions based on the information adoption model. We analyzed COVID-19 Preventive Behavior Survey data collected by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from Facebook users (N = 82,213) in 15 countries between October 2020 and March 2021. The results of logistic regression analyses indicate that reasonable quantity and trustworthiness of information were positively related to COVID-19 vaccination intent. But excessive and less than the desired amount of information was more likely to have negative impacts on vaccination intent. The degrees of trust in the mediums and in the sources were associated with the level of vaccine acceptance. But the effects of trustworthiness accorded to information sources showed variations across sources and mediums. Implications for information professionals and suggestions for policies are discussed.
- Date
- 22. 6.2023 18:20:47
- Type
- a
-
Zhou, Q.; Lee, C.S.; Sin, S.-C.J.; Lin, S.; Hu, H.; Ismail, M.F.F. Bin: Understanding the use of YouTube as a learning resource : a social cognitive perspective (2020)
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- Abstract
- Drawing from social cognitive theory, the purpose of this study is to examine how personal, environmental and behavioral factors can interplay to influence people's use of YouTube as a learning resource. Design/methodology/approach This study proposed a conceptual model, which was then tested with data collected from a survey with 150 participants who had the experience of using YouTube for learning. The bootstrap method was employed to test the direct and mediation hypotheses in the model. Findings The results revealed that personal factors, i.e. learning outcome expectations and attitude, had direct effects on using YouTube as a learning resource (person ? behavior). The environmental factor, i.e. the sociability of YouTube, influenced the attitude (environment ? person), while the behavioral factor, i.e. prior experience of learning on YouTube, affected learning outcome expectations (behavior ? person). Moreover, the two personal factors fully mediated the influences of sociability and prior experience on YouTube usage for learning. Practical implications The factors and their relationships identified in this study provide important implications for individual learners, platform designers, educators and other stakeholders who encourage the use of YouTube as a learning resource. Originality/value This study draws on a comprehensive theoretical perspective (i.e. social cognitive theory) to investigate the interplay of critical components (i.e. individual, environment and behavior) in YouTube's learning ecosystem. Personal factors not only directly influenced the extent to which people use YouTube as a learning resource but also mediated the effects of environmental and behavioral factors on the usage behavior.
- Date
- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
- Type
- a
-
Oh, H.; Nam, S.; Zhu, Y.: Structured abstract summarization of scientific articles : summarization using full-text section information (2023)
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- Abstract
- The automatic summarization of scientific articles differs from other text genres because of the structured format and longer text length. Previous approaches have focused on tackling the lengthy nature of scientific articles, aiming to improve the computational efficiency of summarizing long text using a flat, unstructured abstract. However, the structured format of scientific articles and characteristics of each section have not been fully explored, despite their importance. The lack of a sufficient investigation and discussion of various characteristics for each section and their influence on summarization results has hindered the practical use of automatic summarization for scientific articles. To provide a balanced abstract proportionally emphasizing each section of a scientific article, the community introduced the structured abstract, an abstract with distinct, labeled sections. Using this information, in this study, we aim to understand tasks ranging from data preparation to model evaluation from diverse viewpoints. Specifically, we provide a preprocessed large-scale dataset and propose a summarization method applying the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRaD) format reflecting the characteristics of each section. We also discuss the objective benchmarks and perspectives of state-of-the-art algorithms and present the challenges and research directions in this area.
- Date
- 22. 1.2023 18:57:12
- Type
- a
-
Jaeger, L.: Wissenschaftler versus Wissenschaft (2020)
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- Date
- 2. 3.2020 14:08:22
- Type
- a
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Cerda-Cosme, R.; Méndez, E.: Analysis of shared research data in Spanish scientific papers about COVID-19 : a first approach (2023)
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- Abstract
- During the coronavirus pandemic, changes in the way science is done and shared occurred, which motivates meta-research to help understand science communication in crises and improve its effectiveness. The objective is to study how many Spanish scientific papers on COVID-19 published during 2020 share their research data. Qualitative and descriptive study applying nine attributes: (a) availability, (b) accessibility, (c) format, (d) licensing, (e) linkage, (f) funding, (g) editorial policy, (h) content, and (i) statistics. We analyzed 1,340 papers, 1,173 (87.5%) did not have research data. A total of 12.5% share their research data of which 2.1% share their data in repositories, 5% share their data through a simple request, 0.2% do not have permission to share their data, and 5.2% share their data as supplementary material. There is a small percentage that shares their research data; however, it demonstrates the researchers' poor knowledge on how to properly share their research data and their lack of knowledge on what is research data.
- Date
- 21. 3.2023 19:22:02
- Type
- a
-
Hottenrott, H.; Rose, M.E.; Lawson, C.: ¬The rise of multiple institutional affiliations in academia (2021)
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- Abstract
- This study provides the first systematic, international, large-scale evidence on the extent and nature of multiple institutional affiliations on journal publications. Studying more than 15 million authors and 22 million articles from 40 countries we document that: In 2019, almost one in three articles was (co-)authored by authors with multiple affiliations and the share of authors with multiple affiliations increased from around 10% to 16% since 1996. The growth of multiple affiliations is prevalent in all fields and it is stronger in high impact journals. About 60% of multiple affiliations are between institutions from within the academic sector. International co-affiliations, which account for about a quarter of multiple affiliations, most often involve institutions from the United States, China, Germany and the United Kingdom, suggesting a core-periphery network. Network analysis also reveals a number communities of countries that are more likely to share affiliations. We discuss potential causes and show that the timing of the rise in multiple affiliations can be linked to the introduction of more competitive funding structures such as "excellence initiatives" in a number of countries. We discuss implications for science and science policy.
- Type
- a
-
Yu, C.; Xue, H.; An, L.; Li, G.: ¬A lightweight semantic-enhanced interactive network for efficient short-text matching (2023)
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- Abstract
- Knowledge-enhanced short-text matching has been a significant task attracting much attention in recent years. However, the existing approaches cannot effectively balance effect and efficiency. Effective models usually consist of complex network structures leading to slow inference speed and the difficulties of applications in actual practice. In addition, most knowledge-enhanced models try to link the mentions in the text to the entities of the knowledge graphs-the difficulties of entity linking decrease the generalizability among different datasets. To address these problems, we propose a lightweight Semantic-Enhanced Interactive Network (SEIN) model for efficient short-text matching. Unlike most current research, SEIN employs an unsupervised method to select WordNet's most appropriate paraphrase description as the external semantic knowledge. It focuses on integrating semantic information and interactive information of text while simplifying the structure of other modules. We conduct intensive experiments on four real-world datasets, that is, Quora, Twitter-URL, SciTail, and SICK-E. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, SEIN achieves the best performance on most datasets. The experimental results proved that introducing external knowledge could effectively improve the performance of the short-text matching models. The research sheds light on the role of lightweight models in leveraging external knowledge to improve the effect of short-text matching.
- Date
- 22. 1.2023 19:05:27
- Type
- a
-
Qin, H.; Wang, H.; Johnson, A.: Understanding the information needs and information-seeking behaviours of new-generation engineering designers for effective knowledge management (2020)
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- Abstract
- Purpose This paper aims to explore the information needs and information-seeking behaviours of the new generation of engineering designers. A survey study is used to approach what their information needs are, how these needs change during an engineering design project and how their information-seeking behaviours have been influenced by the newly developed information technologies (ITs). Through an in-depth analysis of the survey results, the key functions have been identified for the next-generation management systems. Design/methodology/approach The paper first proposed four hypotheses on the information needs and information-seeking behaviours of young engineers. Then, a survey study was undertaken to understand their information usage in terms of the information needs and information-seeking behaviours during a complete engineering design process. Through analysing the survey results, several findings were obtained and on this basis, further comparisons were made to discuss and evaluate the hypotheses. Findings The paper has revealed that the engineering designers' information needs will evolve throughout the engineering design project; thus, they should be assisted at several different levels. Although they intend to search information and knowledge on know-what and know-how, what they really require is the know-why knowledge in order to help them complete design tasks. Also, the paper has shown how the newly developed ITs and web-based applications have influenced the engineers' information-seeking practices. Research limitations/implications The research subjects chosen in this study are engineering students in universities who, although not as experienced as engineers in companies, do go through a complete design process with the tasks similar to industrial scenarios. In addition, the focus of this study is to understand the information-seeking behaviours of a new generation of design engineers, so that the development of next-generation information and knowledge management systems can be well informed. In this sense, the results obtained do reveal some new knowledge about the information-seeking behaviours during a general design process. Practical implications This paper first identifies the information needs and information-seeking behaviours of the new generation of engineering designers. On this basis, the varied ways to meet these needs and behaviours are discussed and elaborated. This intends to provide the key characteristics for the development of the next-generation knowledge management system for engineering design projects. Originality/value This paper proposes a novel means of exploring the future engineers' information needs and information-seeking behaviours in a collaborative working environment. It also characterises the key features and functions for the next generation of knowledge management systems for engineering design.
- Date
- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
- Type
- a
-
Wiesenmüller, H.: Verbale Erschließung in Katalogen und Discovery-Systemen : Überlegungen zur Qualität (2021)
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- Date
- 24. 9.2021 12:22:02
- Type
- a
-
Sokolow, A.: Es menschelt in der KI-Welt (2023)
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- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
- Type
- a
