-
Almeida, C.C. de; Lopes Fujita, M.S.; Reis, D.M. dos: Peircean semiotics and subject indexing : contributions of speculative grammar and pure logic (2013)
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- Abstract
- The semiotics of C. S. Peirce presents fundamental concepts to discover aspects of the indexing process, including representation and classes of signs. However, we still know little of its theoretical potential for subject indexing. We believe that the main difficulty in the proposals to understand the process of subject indexing based on Peircean semiotics stems from an incomplete interpretation of his semiotic system. This paper attempts to describe the contributions of Peircean semiotics to subject indexing. First, we analyze some of the concepts of the branches of semiotics, after which, we discuss strategies for conceptual approximation. Secondly, and aiming to raise the level of interlocution between the areas, we intend to argue that subject indexing is an inferential process, as explained by the second branch of semiotics. Thus, we seek to go beyond the level of speculative grammar, the first branch of semiotics, to forge a closer link with pure or critical logic, the second branch. We conclude that the indexer's work does not produce a mere reflection of what already exists in documents, but involves an instigating action to discover, through the inferential matrix, the meaning of a text in order to find the subject and the most a ppropriate subject added entry to the information system.
- Type
- a
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
- Type
- a
-
Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
- Type
- a
-
Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002)
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- Abstract
- This paper suggests a framework and systematic definitions for 6 words commonly used in dthe field of information science: data, information, knowledge, wisdom, inspiration, and intelligence. We intend these definitions to lead to a quantification of information science, a quantification that will enable their measurement, manipulastion, and prediction.
- Date
- 22. 2.2007 18:56:23
22. 2.2007 19:22:13
- Type
- a
-
Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
- Type
- a
-
Robertson, G.: What is information? (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses information in the context of information resources management arguing that it is an essential resource for every organization but one that needs to be managed better. Examines information as a resource, as an asset, as a commodity, as a rubbish
- Source
- Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23
- Type
- a
-
Davenport, E.; Cronin, B.: Knowledge management : Semantic drift or conceptual shift? (2000)
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- Date
- 31. 7.2001 20:22:57
- Footnote
- Thematisierung der Verschiebung des Verständnisses von Wissensmanagement; vgl. auch: Day, R.E.: Totality and representation: a history of knowledge management ... in: JASIS 52(2001) no.9, S.725-735
- Type
- a
-
Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022)
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- Date
- 18. 8.2022 19:22:57
- Type
- a
-
Bates, M.J.: Fundamental forms of information (2006)
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- Content
- Vgl. Erwiderung: Hjoerland, B.: The controversy over the concept of information: a rejoinder to Professor Bates. In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.643.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:15:22
- Type
- a
-
Swigon, M.: Information limits : definition, typology and types (2011)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper seeks to organize the extensive field and to compile the complete list of information limits. Design/methodology/approach - A thorough analysis of literature from the field beginning with the 1960s up to the present has been performed. Findings - A universal typology of information limits has been proposed. A list of barriers mentioned in the literature of the subject has been compiled. Research limitations/implications - The term "information limits" is not commonly used. Originality/value - The complete list of information limits with bibliographical hints (helpful for future research) is presented.
- Date
- 12. 7.2011 18:22:52
- Type
- a
-
Information literacy : a position paper on information problem solving; American Association of School Librarians Position Statement (1995)
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- Abstract
- Adopted and formatted in 1994 and reprinted with the permission of the American Association of School Librarians. Information literacy is the term being applied to the skills of information problem solving. Identifies the key elements of information literacy and presents a rationale for integrating information literacy into all aspects of the K-12 and post secondary curriculum
- Date
- 11. 4.1996 14:22:40
- Type
- a
-
Cawkell, T.: ¬The information age : for better or for worse (1998)
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- Abstract
- Although the 'information poor' are already present, the arrival of a much greater gap between the 'information poor' and 'information rich' is forecast in the book: Sovereign individual, by J.D. Davidson and W. Rees-Mogg. Concludes that, if the events forecast in the book come about, there will not be an information society but an unacceptable society
- Date
- 3. 1.1999 14:40:22
- Type
- a
-
Smith, L.C.: "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias" : electronic knowledge in the form of hypertext (1989)
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- Abstract
- The history of encyclopedias and wholly new forms of encyclopedias are briefly reviewed. The possibilities and problems that hypertext presents as a basis for new forms of encyclopedias are explored. The capabilities of current systems, both experimental and commercially available, are outlined, focusing on new possibilities for authoring and design and for reading the retrieval. Examples of applications already making use of hypertext are given.
- Date
- 7. 1.1996 22:47:52
-
Infield, N.: Capitalising on knowledge : if knowledge is power, why don't librarians rule the world? (1997)
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- Source
- Information world review. 1997, no.130, S.22
- Type
- a
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Oxbrow, N.: Information literacy : the final key to an information society (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 5.1999 19:55:13
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- a
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Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014)
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- Abstract
- I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
- Date
- 16. 6.2014 19:22:57
- Type
- a
-
Crowe, M.; Beeby, R.; Gammack, J.: Constructing systems and information : a process view (1996)
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- Abstract
- Within dynamic organizations, information systems often fail to adapt to changing requirements and structures. The book presents a different view of IS provision, based on end-user information systems construction, as a means of avoiding many of the recognized problems. Adopting a philosophy of constructivism, emphasizing psychological and social factors in information construction, the authors examine different types of systems across natural and social sciences
- Content
- Enthält u.a. die Kapitel: A constructivist approach to systems, science and constructivism, organizations as systems
- Date
- 25.12.2001 13:22:30
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Dillon, A.; Vaughan, M.: "It's the journey and the destination" : shape and the emergent property of genre in evaluating digital documents (1997)
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- Abstract
- Navigation is a limited metaphor for hypermedia and website use that potentially constraints our understanding of human-computer interaction. Traces the emergence of the navigation metaphor and the emprical analysis of navigation measures in usability evaluation before suggesting an alternative concept to consider: shape. The shape concept affords a richer analytic tool for considering humans' use of digital documents and invokes social level analysis of meaning that are shared among discourse communities who both produce and consume the information resources
- Date
- 6. 2.1999 20:10:22
- Type
- a
-
Westbrook, L.: Information myths and intimate partner violence : sources, contexts, and consequences (2009)
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- Abstract
- Survivors of intimate partner violence face more than information gaps; many face powerful barriers in the form of information myths. Triangulating data from in-depth interviews and community bulletin board postings, this study incorporates insights from survivors, police, and shelter staff to begin mapping the information landscape through which survivors move. An unanticipated feature of that landscape is a set of 28 compelling information myths that prevent some survivors from making effective use of the social, legal, economic, and support resources available to them. This analysis of the sources, contexts, and consequences of these information myths is the first step in devising strategies to counter their ill effects.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 19:16:44
- Type
- a
-
Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
- Date
- 22. 5.1999 14:51:49
- Type
- a
