Search (232 results, page 1 of 12)

  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  1. Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019) 0.12 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
  2. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.05 
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    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  3. Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014) 0.05 
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    Abstract
    I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
    Date
    16. 6.2014 19:22:57
  4. Gigliotti, C.: What children and animals know that we don't (1995) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    "In this essay, I offer several significant examples of research that deal with animals' and children's perception. These examples come from social science, cognitive thology, and several camps in cognitive science"
  5. Koch, C.: Was ist Bewusstsein? (2020) 0.04 
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    Date
    17. 1.2020 22:15:11
  6. Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
    Date
    22. 5.1999 14:51:49
  7. Roth, G.; Eurich, C.: ¬Der Begriff der Information in der Neurobiologie (2004) 0.03 
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    Date
    5. 4.2013 10:22:54
  8. Malsburg, C. von der: Concerning the neuronal code (2018) 0.02 
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    Date
    27.12.2020 16:56:22
  9. fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:01:22
  10. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.02 
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    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  11. Leydesdorff, L.; Johnson, M.W.; Ivanova, I.: Toward a calculus of redundancy : signification, codification, and anticipation in cultural evolution (2018) 0.02 
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    Date
    29. 9.2018 11:22:09
  12. Belabbes, M.A.; Ruthven, I.; Moshfeghi, Y.; Rasmussen Pennington, D.: Information overload : a concept analysis (2023) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 4.2023 19:27:56
  13. Hjoerland, B.: ¬The controversy over the concept of information : a rejoinder to Professor Bates (2009) 0.02 
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    Content
    "This letter considers some main arguments in Professor Bates' article (2008), which is part of our former debate (Bates, 2005,2006; Hjoerland, 2007). Bates (2008) does not write much to restate or enlarge on her theoretical position but is mostly arguing about what she claims Hjorland (2007) ignored or misinterpreted in her two articles. Bates (2008, p. 842) wrote that my arguments did not reflect "a standard of coherence, consistency, and logic that is expected of an argument presented in a scientific journal." My argumentation below will refute this statement. This controversy is whether information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon (alone), as an objective phenomenon (alone), or as a combined objective and a subjective phenomenon ("having it both ways"). Bates (2006) defined "information" (sometimes, e.g., termed "information 1," p. 1042) as an objective phenomenon and "information 2" as a subjective phenomenon. However, sometimes the term "information" is also used as a synonym for "information 2," e.g., "the term information is understood to refer to one or both senses" (p. 1042). Thus, Professor Bates is not consistent in using the terminology that she herself introduces, and confusion in this controversy may be caused by Professor Bates' ambiguity in her use of the term "information." Bates (2006, p. 1033) defined information as an objective phenomenon by joining a definition by Edwin Parker: "Information is the pattern of organization of matter and energy." The argument in Hjoerland (2007) is, by contrast, that information should be understood as a subjective phenomenon all the way down: That neither the objective definition of information nor "having it both ways" is fruitful. This is expressed, for example, by joining Karpatschof's (2000) definition of information as a physical signal relative to a certain release mechanism, which implies that information is not something objective that can be understood independently of an observer or independently of other kinds of mechanism that are programmed to be sensitive to specific attributes of a signal: There are many differences in the world, and each of them is potentially informative in given situations. Regarding Parker's definition, "patterns of organization of matter and energy" are no more than that until they inform somebody about something. When they inform somebody about something, they may be considered information. The following quote is part of the argumentation in Bates (2008): "He contrasts my definition of information as 'observer-independent' with his position that information is 'situational' and adds a list of respected names on the situational side (Hjoerland, 2007, p. 1448). What this sentence, and much of the remainder of his argument, ignores is the fact that my approach accounts for both an observer-independent and a contextual, situational sense of information." Yes, it is correct that I mostly concentrated on refuting Bates' objective definition of information. It is as if Bates expects an overall appraisal of her work rather than providing a specific analysis of the points on which there are disagreements. I see Bates' "having it both ways": a symptom of inconsistence in argumentation.
    Bates (2008, p. 843) further writes about her definition of information: "This is the objectivist foundation, the rock bottom minimum of the meaning of information; it informs both articles throughout." This is exactly the focus of my disagreement. If we take a word in a language, it is understood as both being a "pattern of organization of matter and energy" (e.g., a sound) and carrying meaning. But the relation between the physical sign and its meaning is considered an arbitrary relation in linguistics. Any physical material has the potential of carrying any meaning and to inform somebody. The physical stuff in itself is not information until it is used as a sign. An important issue in this debate is whether Bates' examples demonstrate the usefulness of her own position as opposed to mine. Her example about information seeking concerning navigation and how "the very layout of the ship and the design of the bridge promoted the smooth flow of information from the exterior of the ship to the crew and among the crewmembers" (Bates, 2006, pp. 1042-1043) does not justify Bates' definition of information as an objective phenomenon. The design is made for a purpose, and this purpose determines how information should be defined in this context. Bates' view on "curatorial sciences" (2006, p. 1043) is close to Hjorland's suggestions (2000) about "memory institutions," which is based on the subjective understanding of information. However, she does not relate to this proposal, and she does not argue how the objective understanding of information is related to this example. I therefore conclude that Bates' practical examples do not support her objective definition of information, nor do they support her "having it both ways." Finally, I exemplify the consequences of my understanding of information by showing how an archaeologist and a geologist might represent the same stone differently in information systems. Bates (2008, p. 843) writes about this example: "This position is completely consistent with mine." However, this "consistency" was not recognized by Bates until I published my objections and, therefore, this is an indication that my criticism was needed. I certainly share Professor Bates (2008) advice to read her original articles: They contain much important stuff. I just recommend that the reader ignore the parts that argue about information being an objective phenomenon."
    Date
    22. 3.2009 18:13:27
  14. Philosophy, computing and information science (2014) 0.02 
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    Content
    Introduction: Philosophy's Relevance in Computing and Information Science - Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe V.Riss Part I: Philosophy of Computing and Information 1 The Fourth Revolution in our Self-Understanding - Luciano Floridi -- 2 Information Transfer as a Metaphor - Jakob Krebs -- 3 With Aristotle towards a Differentiated Concept of Information? - Uwe Voigt -- 4 The Influence of Philosophy on the Understanding of Computing and Information - Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski -- Part II: Complexity and System Theory 5 The Emergence of Self-Conscious Systems: From Symbolic AI to Embodied Robotics - Klaus Mainzer -- 6 Artificial Intelligence as a New Metaphysical Project - Aziz F. Zambak Part III: Ontology 7 The Relevance of Philosophical Ontology to Information and Computer Science - Barry Smith -- 8 Ontology, its Origins and its Meaning in Information Science - Jens Kohne -- 9 Smart Questions: Steps towards an Ontology of Questions and Answers - Ludwig Jaskolla and Matthias Rugel Part IV: Knowledge Representation 10 Sophisticated Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Requires Philosophy - Selmer Bringsjord, Micah Clark and Joshua Taylor -- 11 On Frames and Theory-Elements of Structuralism Holger Andreas -- 12 Ontological Complexity and Human Culture David J. Saab and Frederico Fonseca Part V: Action Theory 13 Knowledge and Action between Abstraction and Concretion - Uwe V.Riss -- 14 Action-Directing Construction of Reality in Product Creation Using Social Software: Employing Philosophy to Solve Real-World Problems - Kai Holzweifiig and Jens Krüger -- 15 An Action-Theory-Based Treatment ofTemporal Individuals - Tillmann Pross -- 16 Four Rules for Classifying Social Entities - Ludger Jansen Part VI: Info-Computationalism 17 Info-Computationalism and Philosophical Aspects of Research in Information Sciences - Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic -- 18 Pancomputationalism: Theory or Metaphor ? - Vincent C. Mutter Part VII: Ethics 19 The Importance of the Sources of Professional Obligations - Francis C. Dane
  15. Kaser, R.T.: If information wants to be free . . . then who's going to pay for it? (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    I have become "brutally honest" of late, at least according to one listener who heard my remarks during a recent whistle stop speaking tour of publishing conventions. This comment caught me a little off guard. Not that I haven't always been frank, but I do try never to be brutal. The truth, I guess, can be painful, even if the intention of the teller is simply objectivity. This paper is based on a "brutally honest" talk I have been giving to publishers, first, in February, to the Association of American Publishers' Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division, at which point I was calling the piece, "The Illusion of Free Information." It was this initial rendition that led to the invitation to publish something here. Since then I've been working on the talk. I gave a second version of it in March to the assembly of the American Society of Information Dissemination Centers, where I called it, "When Sectors Clash: Public Access vs. Private Interest." And, most recently, I gave yet a third version of it to the governing board of the American Institute of Physics. This time I called it: "The Future of Society Publishing." The notion of free information, our government's proper role in distributing free information, and the future of scholarly publishing in a world of free information . . . these are the issues that are floating around in my head. My goal here is to tell you where my thinking is only at this moment, for I reserve the right to continue thinking and developing new permutations on this mentally challenging theme.
  16. Cohen, J.; Stewart, I.: ¬The information in your hand (1991) 0.02 
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  17. Hartel, J.: ¬The case against Information and the Body in Library and Information Science (2018) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    What follows is an editorial that makes a case against the development of an empirical research frontier in library and information science (LIS) devoted to information and the body. My goal is to offer a sober and constructive counterbalance to this Library Trends special issue that is otherwise uncritical of its proposition. In asserting that original research into embodied information may be unproductive for our field, I draw from my personal experience and reflections as well as foundational conceptions of LIS from past and contemporary luminaries. My conclusion reminds all stakeholders in this Library Trends special issue of the many fascinating and urgent research questions that remain unanswered within the conventional boundaries of LIS.
    In 2003 I was a doctoral student at the Department of Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and happily learning information behavior under Marcia Bates. I enrolled in a methodology seminar offered through the Sociology Department entitled Ethnography, Ethnomethodology, and Symbolic Interactionism, taught by the late Melvin Pollner. Our class read a book-length ethnography of one sociologist's experience as the paid caretaker of a teenage girl living with severe mental and motor impairments; the study reported the sexual way the child pressed her body against her older, male assistant during their daily routine and the inexorable sexual response of his body-two haptic forms of embodied information. The aspiring sociologists and anthropologists in the course found these microsocial physical dynamics to be riveting and discussed their meaning for two hours. The next week our enlightened professor assigned an article by Lucy Suchman about the coordinated flow of information via documents in a workplace-a brilliant paper. To my surprise, my classmates were dismissive of Suchman's study. One budding sociologist remarked, "Well, the research design is solid, but it's all about these [End Page 585] documents. I mean . who really cares?" This flippant criticism left me speechless, while everyone else in the class laughed in agreement (excepting the magnanimous Dr. Pollner).
    Footnote
    Vgl.: DOI: 10.1353/lib.2018.0018. Vgl. auch den Kommentar in: Lueg, C.: To be or not to be (embodied): that is not the question. In: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 71(2020) no.1, S.114-117. (Opinion paper) Two articles in a recent special issue on Information and the Body published in the journal Library Trends stand out because of the way they are identifying, albeit indirectly, a formidable challenge to library information science (LIS). In her contribution, Bates warns that understanding information behavior demands recognizing and studying "any one important element of the ecology [in which humans are embedded]." Hartel, on the other hand, suggests that LIS would not lose much but would have lots to gain by focusing on core LIS themes instead of embodied information, since the latter may be unproductive, as LIS scholars are "latecomer[s] to a mature research domain." I would argue that LIS as a discipline cannot avoid dealing with those pesky mammals aka patrons or users; like the cognate discipline and "community of communities" human computer interaction (HCI), LIS needs the interdisciplinarity to succeed. LIS researchers are uniquely positioned to help bring together LIS's deep understanding of "information" and embodiment perspectives that may or may not have been developed in other disciplines. LIS researchers need to be more explicit about what their original contribution is, though, and what may have been appropriated from other disciplines.
  18. Medien und Kommunikation : Konstruktionen von Wirklichkeit (1990-91) 0.02 
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    Content
    Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: (0): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Medien, Kommunikation und das 18. Kamel; WEISCHENBERG, S.: Die Realität des John F. Kennedy; MERTEN, K.: Wirken sie wirklich, die Wirkungen der Massenkommunikation?; (1): WEISCHENBERG, S.: Der Kampf um die Köpfe: Affären und die Spielregeln der 'Mediengesellschaft'; SCHMIDT, S.J.: Wir verstehen uns doch? Von der Unwahrscheinlicjkeit gelingender Kommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Inszenierung von Alltag: Kommunikation, Massenkommunikation, Medien; (2): KRUSE, P. u. M. STADLER: Wahrnehmen, Verstehen, Erinnern: der Aufbau des psychischen Apparates; SCHEFFER, B.: Wie wir erkennen: die soziale Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit im Individuum; (3): KRIPPENDORFF, K.: Der verschwundene Bote: Metaphern und Modelle der Kommunikation; GRABOWSKI, J., T. HERRMANN u. R. POBEL: Sprechen, Handeln, Regulieren: vom Zeichentausch zum zielgerichteten Sprechen; (4): RUSCH, G.: Verstehen verstehen: kognitive Autonomie und soziale Regulation; MEUTSCH, D.: Ein Bild sagt mehr als tausend Worte? Befunde zum Bildverstehen; (5): MERTEN, K.: Unsere tägliche Wirklichkeit heute: wie Medien die Kommunikation entfalten; ASSMANN, A. u, J. ASSMANN: Das Gestern im Heute: Medien und soziales Gedächtnis; ELSNER, M., H.U. GUMBRECHT, T. MÜLLER u. P.M. SPANGENBERG: Von Revolution zu Revolution: zur Kulturgeschichte der Medien; (6) SCHMIDT, S.J.: Die Münzen der Kommunikation: Gattungen, Berichterstattungsmuster, Darstellungsformen; RUHRMANN, G.: Zeitgeschichte à la carte: Ereignis, Nachricht und Rezipient; (7) NEVERLA, I.: Männerwelten - Frauenwelten: Wirklichkeitsmodelle, Geschlechterrollen, Chancenverteilung; FAULSTICH, W.: Stars: Idole, Werbeträger, Helden: sozialer Wandel durch Medien; (8): SCHMIDT, S.J.: Das 'Wahre, Schöne, Gute'? Literatur als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S. u. U. HIENZSCH: Neuigkeiten vom Fließband: Journalismus als soziales System; WEISCHENBERG, S, u. U. HIENZSCH: Von der Tontafel zum Chip: technische Grundlagen der Medienkommunikation; PROTT, J.: Kommunikation als Dienst und Handel: Organisation und Ökonomie der Medien; (9): RÜHL, M.: Zwischen Information und Unterhaltung: Funktionen der Medienkommunikation; MERTEN, K.: Allmacht oder Ohnmacht der Medien? Erklärungsmuster der Medienwirkungsforschung; PETERS, H.P.: Warner oder Angstmacher? Thema Risikokommunikation; (10): KREBS, D.: Verführung oder Therapie? Pornographie und Gewalt in den Medien; HURRELMANN, B.: Sozialisation vor dem Bildschirm: Kinder und Medien; LANG; K. u. G.E. Lang: Spiegel der Gesellschaft: Medien und öffentliche Meinung; (11): RÖPER, H.: Märkte, Mächte, Monopole: das Mediensystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; KLEINSTEUBER, H.J.: Das globale Netz: nationale und internationale Mediensysteme; (12): BAACKE, D. u. H.-D. Kübler: Lernen und Erziehen in der Medienumwelt: Konzepte der Medienpädagogik; LÖFFELHOLZ, M. u. K.-D. ALTMEPPEN: Kommunikation morgen: Perspektiven der 'Informationsgesellschaft'
    Date
    15.10.1995 11:44:22
  19. Huvila, I.: Situational appropriation of information (2015) 0.02 
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    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22
  20. Sunstein, C.: Infotopia : wie viele Köpfe Wissen produzieren (2009) 0.02 
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    Content
    EINLEITUNG: Träume und Alpträume KAPITEL I: Die (gelegentliche) Macht der Zahlen KAPITEL 2: Das überraschende Versagen diskutierender Gruppen KAPITEL 3: Vier große Probleme KAPITEL 4: Geld, Preise und Prognosemarkte KAPITEL 5: Die Arbeit vieler Köpfe: Wikis, Open-Source-Software und Blogs KAPITEL 6: Folgerungen und Reformen SCHLUSS: Das Versprochene verwirklichen

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