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  • × theme_ss:"Informationsdienstleistungen"
  • × language_ss:"e"
  1. Theories of information behavior (2005) 0.03 
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    Footnote
    Im Gegensatz zur früher üblichen Praxis, Informationsverhalten auf die Aktivitäten der Informationssuche zu beschränken, folgt man heute Tom Wilsons Definition, wonach es sich dabei um "the totality of human behaviour in relation to sources and channels of information, including both active and passive information-seeking, and information use" handelt, bzw. jener von Karen Pettigrew [nunmehr Fisher] et al., "how people need, seek, give and use information in different contexts". Im Laufe der letzten Jahre, ja schon Jahrzehnte, hat sich dazu ein fast nicht mehr überschaubarer Bestand an Literatur angesammelt, der sich sowohl aus theoretischen bzw. theoretisierenden, als auch aus auch praktischen bzw. empirischen Arbeiten zusammensetzt. Einige wenige dieser theoretischen Ansätze haben weite Verbreitung gefunden, werden in Studiengängen der Informationswissenschaft gelehrt und tauchen in der laufend veröffentlichten Literatur immer wieder als Basis für empirische Untersuchungen oder modifizierende Weiterentwicklungen auf. Das Buch beginnt mit drei Grundsatzartikeln, die von herausragenden Vertretern des gegenständlichen Themenbereichs verfasst wurden. Im ersten und längsten dieser Beiträge, An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories and Models (S. 1-24), gibt Marcia J. Bates (Los Angeles, CA), zunächst eine wissenschaftstheoretische Einführung zu den drei im Titel genannten Begriffen, nicht ohne darauf hinzuweisen, dass der Großteil der theoretisierenden Ansätze in unserer Disziplin erst dem Modellstadium angehört. Am Beispiel des Principle of Least Effort zeigt sie, dass selbst für diesen am besten abgesicherten Befund der Forschung zum Informationsverhalten, keine ausreichende theoretische Begründung existiert. In der Folge versucht Bates, die in der Informationswissenschaft gängigen Metatheorien zu identifizieren und gelangt dabei zu der folgenden Kategorisierung, die auch als Bezugsrahmen für die Einordnung der zahlreichen in diesem Buch dargestellten Modelle dienen kann:
    1. historisch (die Gegenwart aus der Vergangheit heraus verstehen) 2. konstruktivistisch (Individuen konstruieren unter dem Einfluss ihres sozialen Kontexts das Verständnis ihrer Welten) 3. diskursanalytisch (Sprache konstituiert die Konstruktion der Identität und die Ausbildung von Bedeutungen) 4. philosophisch-analytisch (rigorose Analyse von Begriffen und Thesen) 5. kritische Theorie (Analyse versteckter Macht- und Herrschaftsmuster) 6. ethnographisch (Verständnis von Menschen durch Hineinversetzen in deren Kulturen) 7. sozialkognitiv (sowohl das Denken des Individuums als auch dessen sozialer bzw. fachlicher Umraum beeinflussen die Informationsnutzung) 8. kognitiv (Fokus auf das Denken der Individuen im Zusammenhang mit Suche, Auffindung und Nutzung von Information) 9. bibliometrisch (statistische Eigenschaften von Information) 10. physikalisch (Signalübertragung, Informationstheorie) 11. technisch (Informationsbedürfnisse durch immer bessere Systeme und Dienste erfüllen) 12. benutzerorientierte Gestaltung ("usability", Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion) 13. evolutionär (Anwendung von Ergebnissen von Biologie und Evolutionspsychologie auf informationsbezogene Phänomene). Bates Beitrag ist, wie stets, wohldurchdacht, didaktisch gut aufbereitet und in klarer Sprache abgefasst, sodass man ihn mit Freude und Gewinn liest. Zu letzterem trägt auch noch die umfangreiche Liste von Literaturangaben bei, mit der sich insbesondere die 13 genannten Metatheorien optimal weiterverfolgen lassen. . . .
  2. Montesi, M.; Owen, J.M.: Research journal articles as document genres : exploring their role in knowledge organization (2008) 0.01 
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    Biologie
  3. Metz, A.: Community service : a bibliography (1996) 0.01 
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    Date
    17.10.1996 14:22:33
  4. Information brokers and reference services (1989) 0.01 
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    Series
    Reference librarian; no.22
  5. Ghilardi, F.J.M.: ¬The information center of the future : the professional's role (1994) 0.01 
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    Date
    27.12.2015 18:22:38
  6. Curzon, S.C.: Managing the interview (1995) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.6, S.471 (N. Corral)
  7. International yearbook of library and information management : 2001/2002 information services in an electronic environment (2001) 0.01 
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    Date
    25. 3.2003 13:22:23
  8. Layne, S.S.: Artists, art historians, and visual art information (1994) 0.01 
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    Source
    Reference librarian. 1994, no.47, S.22-36
  9. Yoo, E.-Y.; Robbins, L.S.: Understanding middle-aged women's health information seeking on the web : a theoretical approach (2008) 0.01 
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    Date
    9. 2.2008 17:52:22
  10. Bryson, J.: Managing information services : an integrated approach (1997) 0.01 
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    Date
    31.12.1998 22:01:11
  11. Jennerich, E.Z.; Jennerich, E.J.: ¬The reference interview as a creative art (1997) 0.01 
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    Date
    31.12.1998 22:14:52
  12. Kuhlthau, C.C.: Seeking meaning : a process approach to library and information services (2003) 0.01 
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    Date
    25.11.2005 18:58:22
  13. Malan, C.: Personal strategies in reference work (1992) 0.01 
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    Source
    Cape librarian. 36(1992) no.10, S.22-23
  14. Bostian, R.; Robbins, A.: Effective instruction for searching CD-ROM indexes (1990) 0.01 
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    Date
    21. 3.2008 13:22:03
  15. Rader, H.B.: Library orientation and instruction - 1993 (1994) 0.01 
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    Source
    Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.81-
  16. Tague-Sutcliffe, J.: Measuring information : an information services perspective (1995) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.3, S.389-391 (P.B. Kantor); Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.2, S.147 (T.A. Brooks); Medical reference services quarterly 15(1996) no.2, S.109-110 (C. Gluck); JASIS 47(1996) no.10, S.794-795 (R. Losee)
  17. Stevens, N.D.: ¬The importance of the verb in the reference question (1988) 0.01 
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    Source
    Reference librarian. 1988, no.22, S.241-244
  18. ¬The reference assessment manual (1995) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: College and research libraries. 57(1996) no.3, S.307-308 (M. Crist); Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.4, S.314 (D. Ettinger)
  19. Nawe, J.: How significant is nonverbal communication in the reference interview? : An overview (1989) 0.01 
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    Maktaba. 11(1989), no.1, S.19-22
  20. Eisenberg, M.: Big 6 tips : number two. Information seeking strategies (1997) 0.01 
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    Source
    Emergency librarian. 25(1997) no.2, S.22

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