-
Ennis, M.; Sutcliffe, A.G.; Watkinson, S.J.: Towards a predictive model of information seeking : empirical studies of end-user-searching (1999)
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- Abstract
- Previous empirical studies of searcher behaviour have drawn attention to a wide variety of factors that affect performance; for instance, the display of retrieved results can alter search strategies (Allen 1991, 1994), the information need type influences search behaviour, (Elkerton et al 1984, Marchionini 1995); while the task complexity, reflected in the information need can affect user's search behaviour (Large et al 1994). Furthermore, information source selection (Bassilli 1977), and the user's model of the system and domain impact on the search process (Michel 1994); while motivation (Solomon 1993, Jacobsen et al 1992) and the importance of the information need (Wendt 1969) also influence search duration and the effort a user will employ. Rouse and Rouse (1984) in a review of empirical studies, summarise a wide variety of variables that can effect searching behaviour, including payoff, costs of searching, resource available, amount of information sought, characteristics of the data and conflicts between documents. It appears that user behaviour is inconsistent in the search strategies adopted even for the same search need and system (Davidson 1977, Iivonen 1995). Theories of searcher behaviour have been proposed that provide explanations of aspects of end-user behaviour, such as the evolution of the user's information need and the problems of articulating a query, [Bates (1979, 1989), Markey and Atherton 1978], effective search strategies in browsing and goal directed searches [Marchionini 1995, Belkin (1987, 1993)], the linguistic problem of matching search terms with indexing terms or content of target documents through an expert intermediary (Ingwersen 1982) or cognitive aspects of IR (Kulthau 1984, Ingwersen 1996).
- Date
- 22. 3.2002 9:54:13
-
Hill, L.L.; Carver, L.; Larsgaard, M.; Dolin, R.; Smith, T.R.; Frew, J.; Rae, M.-A.: Alexandria Digital Library : end user evaluation studies and system design (2000)
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- Abstract
- The Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) is one of the 6 digital library projects funded by NSF, DARPA, and NASA. ADL's collection and services focus on information containing georeferences: maps, images, data sets, text and other information sources with links to geographic locations. During this study period, 3 different user interfaces were developed and tested by user groups. User feedback was collected through various formal and informal approaches and the results fed back into the design and implementation cycle. This article describes the evolution of the ADL system and the effect of user evaluation on that evolution. ADL is an ongoing project; user feedback and evaluation plans for the remainder of the project are described
-
Gorman, P.; Lavelle, M.; Delcambre, L.; Maier, D.: Following experts at work in their own information spaces : using observational methods to develop tools for the digital library (2002)
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- Abstract
- Digital libraries allow information access to be integrated into work processes rather than separated from them, but also have the potential to overwhelm users with excessive or irrelevant information, impairing their performance rather than improving it. With the opportunity to create new models of what a library is and how it can be used comes the challenge of improving our understanding of its patrons, their work, and the circumstances under which they perform it. In this article we offer an overview of our experiences using observational methods to learn about one class of users, expert clinicians treating patients in hospital settings. We describe the evolution of our understanding of the users and their informational tasks, and how this evolving understanding is guiding our efforts to create digital library technology. The multidisciplinary composition of our team has enriched our observations and improved the validity of our analysis and interpretations. The multiple observation methods we have employed, including "thinkaloud" scenarios in the laboratory, participant observation in the field, key Informant Interviews, and focus group sessions, have enabled us to enrich the data set, gain greater insight, and verify findings with informants. The relatively tight cycle of observation, analysis, development, and repeat observation has enabled us to iteratively and more rapidly refine our "user model" and "task model," improving, we hope, the usefulness of the technologies we are developing.
-
Cole, C.; Leide, J.; Beheshti, J.; Large, A.; Brooks, M.: Investigating the Anomalous States of Knowledge hypothesis in a real-life problem situation : a study of history and psychology undergraduates seeking information for a course essay (2005)
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- Abstract
- The authors present a study of the real-life information needs of 59 McGill University undergraduates researching essay topics for either a history or psychology course, interviewed just after they had selected their essay topic. The interview's purpose was to transform the undergraduate's query from general topic terms, based an vague conceptions of their essay topic, to an information need-based query. To chart the transformation, the authors investigate N. J. Belkin, R. N. Oddy, and H. M. Brooks' Anomalous States of Knowledge (ASK) hypothesis (1982a, 1982b), which links the user's ASK to a relevant document set via a common code based an structural facets. In the present study an interoperable structural code based an eight essay styles is created, then notions of structural facets compatible with a highimpact essay structure are presented. The important findings of the study are: (a) the undergraduates' topic statements and terms derived from it do not constitute an effective information need statement because for most of the subjects in the study the topic terms conformed to a low-impact essay style; (b) essay style is an effective interoperable structural code for charting the evolution of the undergraduate's knowledge state from ASK to partial resolution of the ASK in an information need statement.
-
Panzarasa, P.; Opsahl, T.; Carley, K.M.: Patterns and dynamics of users' behavior and interaction : network analysis of an online community (2009)
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- Abstract
- This research draws on longitudinal network data from an online community to examine patterns of users' behavior and social interaction, and infer the processes underpinning dynamics of system use. The online community represents a prototypical example of a complex evolving social network in which connections between users are established over time by online messages. We study the evolution of a variety of properties since the inception of the system, including how users create, reciprocate, and deepen relationships with one another, variations in users' gregariousness and popularity, reachability and typical distances among users, and the degree of local redundancy in the system. Results indicate that the system is a small world characterized by the emergence, in its early stages, of a hub-dominated structure with heterogeneity in users' behavior. We investigate whether hubs are responsible for holding the system together and facilitating information flow, examine first-mover advantages underpinning users' ability to rise to system prominence, and uncover gender differences in users' gregariousness, popularity, and local redundancy. We discuss the implications of the results for research on system use and evolving social networks, and for a host of applications, including information diffusion, communities of practice, and the security and robustness of information systems.
-
Scholle, U.: Kann ich Ihnen behilflich sein? : Erhebung am zentralen Auskunftsplatz der ULB Münster (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2000 17:52:11
-
Branch, J.L.: Investigating the information-seeking process of adolescents : the value of using think alouds and think afters (2000)
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- Source
- Library and information science research. 22(2000) no.4, S.371-382
-
Yoo, E.-Y.; Robbins, L.S.: Understanding middle-aged women's health information seeking on the web : a theoretical approach (2008)
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- Date
- 9. 2.2008 17:52:22
-
Wallace, P.M.: Periodical title searching in online catalogues (1997)
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- Date
- 29. 7.1998 10:57:22
-
Tomney, H.; Burton, P.F.: Electronic journals : a case study of usage and attitudes among academics (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 5.1999 19:07:29
-
Gremett, P.: Utilizing a user's context to improve search results (2006)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 18:17:44
-
Schneider, R.: OPACs, Benutzer und das Web (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2009 18:50:43
-
Kaske, N.K.: ¬A comparative study of subject searching in an OPAC among branch libraries of a university library system (1988)
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- Abstract
- The degree of variability in the percentage of subject searching in an online public access catalog (OPAC) among branch libraries of one university was studied. A full semester's worth of transactions was analyzed, not sampled. The time units used were hour of the day, day of the week, and week of the semester. The findings show that subject searching varies from a low of 22% to a high of 74% over the hours of a day. Variability for the days of the week ranged from 17% to 64%, and for the weeks of the semester variability ranged from 12% to 70%. Valuable management information on the utilization of the OPAC within each brach library and among all the branch libraries is provided through numerous charts and graphs.
-
Witt, M.: Survey on the use of the catalogue at the Mediatheque of the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (CSI) (1993)
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- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 22(1993) no.4, S.68-71
-
Meadow, C.T.: Speculations on the measurement and use of user characteristics in information retrieval experimentation (1994)
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- Source
- Canadian journal of information and library science. 19(1994) no.4, S.1-22
-
Berger, F.C.; Hofstede, A.H.M. ter; Van der Weide, T.P.: Supporting query by navigation (1996)
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- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 16th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Drymen, Scotland, 22-23 Mar 94. Ed.: R. Leon
-
Stokmans, M.; Oomens, A.: Meer grasduinen door genreplaatsing? : genre- of alfabetische plaatsing: onderzoek naar verschillen in gebruikersgedrag (1997)
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- Source
- BibliotheekBlad. 1(1997) no.21, S.22-23
-
Moulaison, H.L.: OPAC queries at a medium-sized academic library : a transaction log analysis (2008)
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- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Agosto, D.E.: Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making (2002)
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- Abstract
- This study investigated Simon's behavioral decisionmaking theories of bounded rationality and satisficing in relation to young people's decision making in the World Wide Web, and considered the role of personal preferences in Web-based decisions. It employed a qualitative research methodology involving group interviews with 22 adolescent females. Data analysis took the form of iterative pattern coding using QSR NUD*IST Vivo qualitative data analysis software. Data analysis revealed that the study participants did operate within the limits of bounded rationality. These limits took the form of time constraints, information overload, and physical constraints. Data analysis also uncovered two major satisficing behaviors-reduction and termination. Personal preference was found to play a major role in Web site evaluation in the areas of graphic/multimedia and subject content preferences. This study has related implications for Web site designers and for adult intermediaries who work with young people and the Web
-
Large, A.; Beheshti, J.; Rahman, T.: Design criteria for children's Web portals : the users speak out (2002)
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- Date
- 2. 6.2005 10:34:22
