Search (459 results, page 1 of 23)

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Abstract

Reviews the origin of the information superhighway paradigm and the many resulting national initiatives, including the US National Information Infrastructure and the world wide global information infrastructure. Quotes the guiding principles, and presents a list of possible future services, together with an overview of the major technological avenues. Discusses the current prototype of the future universal information infrastructure. i.e. the Internet and the WWW. Discusses which requirements are currently satisfied by the Internet plus WWW combination, and which capabilities are not yet provided. Presents a possible scenario of evolution

Date

1. 8.1996 22:08:06

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Source

Cataloguing Australia. 23(1997) nos.1/2, S.17-22

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Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.63-78,96

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Abstract

Social networks evolve over time with the addition and removal of nodes and links to survive and thrive in their environments. Previous studies have shown that the link-formation process in such networks is influenced by a set of facilitators. However, there have been few empirical evaluations to determine the important facilitators. In a research partnership with law enforcement agencies, we used dynamic social-network analysis methods to examine several plausible facilitators of co-offending relationships in a large-scale narcotics network consisting of individuals and vehicles. Multivariate Cox regression and a two-proportion z-test on cyclic and focal closures of the network showed that mutual acquaintance and vehicle affiliations were significant facilitators for the network under study. We also found that homophily with respect to age, race, and gender were not good predictors of future link formation in these networks. Moreover, we examined the social causes and policy implications for the significance and insignificance of various facilitators including common jails on future co-offending. These findings provide important insights into the link-formation processes and the resilience of social networks. In addition, they can be used to aid in the prediction of future links. The methods described can also help in understanding the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of social networks facilitated by mobile and Web technologies.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:50:30

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Abstract

Memes are small units of culture, analogous to genes, which flow from person to person by copying or imitation. More than any previous medium, the Internet has the technical capabilities for global meme diffusion. Yet, to spread globally, memes need to negotiate their way through cultural and linguistic borders. This article introduces a new broad method, Web memetics, comprising extensive Web searches and combined quantitative and qualitative analyses, to identify and assess: (a) the different versions of a meme, (b) its evolution online, and (c) its Web presence and translation into common Internet languages. This method is demonstrated through one extensively circulated joke about men, women, and computers. The results show that the joke has mutated into several different versions and is widely translated, and that translations incorporate small, local adaptations while retaining the English versions' fundamental components. In conclusion, Web memetics has demonstrated its ability to identify and track the evolution and spread of memes online, with interesting results, albeit for only one case study.

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Abstract

Explores the conditions for and the possible benefits of the evolution of the Internet in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States

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Abstract

The creation of guides to resources on the Internet specific to particular subjects have raised questions about the Internet environment and the process of guide construction. Draws conclusions regarding the future and evolution of information professions in this environment

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Abstract

Considers trends on the WWW for 1997. Covers: technology and software developments, growth in training, industry changes, growth in distance education, evolution of search engines, turnkey pages and central site quality control, and further publishing about the Internet

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Abstract

The data systems, policies and procedures, corporate culture, and public face of an agency or institution make up its organizational interface. This case study describes how user interfaces for the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site evolved over a 5-year period along with the [arger organizational interface and how this co-evolution has influenced the institution itself. Interviews with BLS staff and transaction log analysis are the foci in this analysis that also included user informationseeking studies and user interface prototyping and testing. The results are organized into a model of organizational interface change and related to the information life cycle.

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Date

22.10.2006 10:22:33

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.8, S.497 (T. Mandl): "Gesetze der digitalen Anarchie - Hyperlinks im Internet entstehen als Ergebnis sozialer Prozesse und können auch als formaler Graph im Sinne der Mathematik interpretiert werden. Die Thematik Hyperlinks ist im Information Retrieval höchst aktuell, da Suchmaschinen die Link-Struktur bei der Berechnung ihrer Ergebnisse berücksichtigen. Algorithmen zur Bestimmung des "guten Rufs" einer Seite wie etwa PageRank von Google gewichten eine Seite höher, wenn viele links auf sie verweisen. Zu den neuesten Erkenntnissen über die Netzwerkstruktur des Internets liegen zwei sehr gut lesbare Bücher vor. Der Autor des ersten Buchs, der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Huberman, ist Leiter einer Forschungsabteilung bei Hewlett Packard. Huberman beschreibt in seinem Buch zunächst die Geschichte des Internet als technologische Revolution und gelangt dann schnell zu dessen Evolution und den darin vorherrschenden Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen. Oberraschenderweise treten im Internet häufig power-law Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen auf, die der Zipf'schen Verteilung ähneln. Auf diese sehr ungleichen Aufteilungen etwa von eingehenden HypertextLinks oder Surfern pro Seite im Internet bezieht sich der Titel des Buchs. Diese immer wieder auftretenden Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen scheinen geradezu ein Gesetz des Internet zu bilden. So gibt es z.B. viele Sites mit sehr wenigen Seiten und einige wenige mit Millionen von Seiten, manche Seiten werden selten besucht und andere ziehen einen Großteil des Internet-Verkehrs auf sich, auf die meisten Seiten verweisen sehr wenige Links während auf einige wenige populäre Seiten Millionen von Links zielen. Das vorletzte Kapitel widmen übrigens beide Autoren den Märkten im Internet. Spätestens hier werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Netzwerken deutlich. Beide Titel führen den Leser in die neue Forschung zur Struktur des Internet als Netzwerk und sind leicht lesbar. Beides sind wissenschaftliche Bücher, wenden sich aber auch an den interessierten Laien. Das Buch von Barabási ist etwas aktueller, plauderhafter, länger, umfassender und etwas populärwissenschaftlicher."

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Abstract

The Alexandria Digital Library (ADL) is one of the 6 digital library projects funded by NSF, DARPA, and NASA. ADL's collection and services focus on information containing georeferences: maps, images, data sets, text and other information sources with links to geographic locations. During this study period, 3 different user interfaces were developed and tested by user groups. User feedback was collected through various formal and informal approaches and the results fed back into the design and implementation cycle. This article describes the evolution of the ADL system and the effect of user evaluation on that evolution. ADL is an ongoing project; user feedback and evaluation plans for the remainder of the project are described

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Abstract

"The title suggests that the contents will reflect the emerging genre of literature that is critical of the utopian predictions of the emerging information infrastructure. The title seems to be a misnomer, for this book is much less a critique and far more of a primer for non-technical readers about the evolution and future of the information infrastructure"

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Abstract

The major attractions of building a Web based reference information system are described: software is virtually 'free'; required training is minimal; systems can be accessed by a variety of platforms; and reference librarians around the world are able to share their expertise. Discusses these points in the context of the evolution of reference information file systems and describes a prototype to show how to construct a basic Web based system

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Abstract

Presents strategies for publishing databases on the WWW. Outlines types of software available. Inmagic, Inc's DB/Text WebServer is a library oriented product that simplifies database creation and maintenance while reducing the number of components that need to be installed and maintained. Discusses its use as a platform for an union catalogue. Discusses its approach in the context of more generic schemes and the evolution of WWW database technology

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Abstract

The Internet has the potential to become a major strategic information tool for commercial enterprises. many companies, large and small, are already using the Internet to gain an edge in an increasingly competitive business environment, both domestically and internationally. It may well be that the Internet is the next major phase in the evolution of the competitive intelligence function in advanced organizations, especially as commercialization of the network intensifies. Describes an exploratory study of business use of the Internet for competitive intelligence purposes

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Abstract

Describes the development of a new information resource developed in the UK designed to increase public awareness of official statistics and to improve users' access to those statistics. Known as StatBase, it will be accessible through the WWW. Describes the gorundwork which preceded its development and the thinking which has influenced its evolution over the last 2 years. Explains how the results of this research influenced the design of the database and the development of the operational system which supports its suppliers and its customers

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Abstract

Die Erfindung der Sprache war die erste Medien(r)evolution der Menschheitsgeschichte. Sie fand in zwei Stufen statt. Die erste Stufe war die Menschwerdung in der Familie, ausgehend von der Mutter-Kind-Dyade. Die zweite Stufe war eine (R)evolution, deren Brisanz wir uns heute kaum mehr vorstellen können. Was zuvor auf die emotionale Zuwendung und Opferbereitschaft im engsten Kreis beschränkt war, wurde auf einmal wie ein Handschuh externalisiert. Alle durften an den subtilsten Nuancen, die ursprünglich im kleinsten Kreis auf intimer Basis entstanden waren, teilnehmen, und an dem großen Teppich weiterarbeiten und an seiner Schönheit und Heiligkeit beitragen. Sprachwissenschaftler wissen, daß jede Sprache ein metaphysisch unendlich wertvolles Objekt darstellt. Der Spruch "Der liebe Gott" hat viele Tiere und Pflanzen gemacht und viele partielle Differentialgleichungen" (Ulrich Wais) bedarf der Ergänzung: "Und viele Sprachen". Gemeint ist in allen drei Fällen, daß beliebig viele Forscherleben in jede der genannten Spezies investiert werden können, ahne daß die Majestät des betreffenden Forschungsgegenstandes dabei im geringsten an Bedeutung verlöre. Die zweite Medien(r)evolution war nicht die Schrift, obwohl natürlich die Erfindung des Buches natürlich mit der Erfindung der DNS vergleichbaren Evolutionsfortschritt darstellt. Man muß auch sehen, daß durch das Internet diese Erfindung wieder in Gefahr gerät, da am Buch das wichtigste seine Verfügbarkeit auf nahezu unbegrenzte Zeit an vielen in ihrem Überleben voneinander vollständig entkoppelten Orten. Diese Eigenschaft teilt das Buch mit der Sprache. Das Internet hat sie verloren. Aber wir sprechen hiervon einer anderen Artvon (R)evolutionen. Die eigentliche (R)evolution der Sprache war, wie gesagt, nicht ihr Beitrag zu neuen Farm der Informationserhaltung wie meist angenommen wird, sondern ihr Öffnen eines Weltenhorizontes von unendlicher Attraktivität. Deshalb wurde oben das in einem wissenschaftlichen Text ungewohnte Wort "heilig" ahne Anführungsstriche verwendet. Die Stufe ist also ein Teil der Menschwerdung. Zum ersten Mal ereignet sich heute ein vergleichbarer Himmel - ein öffnender Evolutionssprung - erneut. Wiederum ist vollkommen unabsehbar, was die Menschheit in das neue Juwel hineinpacken wird. Mit dem Internet ist diese zweite Phase der Menschwerdung eingeleitet.

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Abstract

Authoring documents for the WWW is not always an easy task. Most authors either directly type HTML syntax with an text editor or convert files that they produce with various document preparation systems, but both methods pose problems. Proposes another approach, based on a structured document editor, Grif. Analyzes the main characteristics of HTML documents and presents the extensions that the extensions that these documents have imposed to the Grif editor. With these extension, Grif becomes a comfortable environment for authoring WWW documents, and it allows better and more rogorously structured documents to be produced. It also allows a smooth evolution towards SGML