-
Campos, F.M.; Lopes, M.I.; Galvao, R.M.: MARC formats and their use : an overview (1995)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Reports on work carried out as part of a feasibility study for UseMARCON (User Controlled Generic MARC Converter); a European Community funded project to develop a toolbox capable of converting bibliographic records from any MARC format into any other MARC format through a central conversion format. Reviews the use of MARC formats as internal or cataloguing formats or an exchange formats available in tape magnetic tape services. Special attention is paid to the actual us and use trends of UNIMARC, with particular reference to the role of UNIMARC as a new stage in the evolution of MARC formats, devised to improve and facilitate the exchange of bibliographic information between different systems
-
Cundiff, M.V.: ¬An introduction to the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) (2004)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This article provides an introductory overview of the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard, better known as METS. It will be of most use to librarians and technical staff who are encountering METS for the first time. The article contains a brief history of the development of METS, a primer covering the basic structure and content of METS documents, and a discussion of several issues relevant to the implementation and continuing development of METS including object models, extension schemata, and application profiles.
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.52-64
-
Eliot, J.: MARC and OPAC systems : discussion document (1994)
0.03
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- Abstract
- A discussion document produced following a meeting the Users of Book Industry Standards (UBIS) Bibliographic Standards Working Group at the University of London as part of a project to consider the Survey on the use of UK-MARC by Russell Sweeney published in 1991 by the British Library National Bibliographic Service. Considers the suitability, or otherwise, of the UKMARC format for use in OPACs. Summarizes the issues involved, discussing: the UKMARC exchange format, tagging and coding structure (record complexity, analytical entries, non filing indicators), data content (statements of responsibility, main versus added entry) and records standards
-
Sandberg-Fox, A.M.: ¬The microcomputer revolution (2001)
0.03
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- Abstract
- With the introduction of the microcomputer in the 1980s, a revolution of sorts was initiated. In libraries this was evidenced by the acquisition of personal computers and the software to run on them. All that catalogers needed were cataloging rules and a MARC format to ensure their bibliographic control. However, little did catalogers realize they were dealing with an industry that introduced rapid technological changes, which effected continual revision of existing rules and the formulation of special guidelines to deal with the industry's innovative products. This article focuses on the attempts of libraries and organized cataloging groups to develop the Chapter 9 descriptive cataloging rules in AACR2; it highlights selected events and includes cataloging examples that illustrate the evolution of the chapter.
-
Leazer, G.H.: ¬A conceptual schema for the control of bibliographic works (1994)
0.03
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- Abstract
- In this paper I describe a conceptual design of a bibliographic retrieval system that enables more thourough control of bibliographic entities. A bibliographic entity has 2 components: the intellectual work and the physical item. Users searching bibliographic retrieval systems generally do not search for a specific item, but are willing to retrieve one of several alternative manifestations of a work. However, contemporary bibliographic retrieval systems are based solely on the descriptions of items. Works are described only implcitly by collocating descriptions of items. This method has resulted in a tool that does not include important descriptive attributes of the work, e.g. information regarding its history, its genre, or its bibliographic relationships. A bibliographic relationship is an association between 2 bibliographic entities. A system evaluation methodology wasused to create a conceptual schema for a bibliographic retrieval system. The model is based upon an analysis of data elements in the USMARC Formats for Bibliographic Data. The conceptual schema describes a database comprising 2 separate files of bibliographic descriptions, one of works and the other of items. Each file consists of individual descriptive surrogates of their respective entities. the specific data content of each file is defined by a data dictionary. Data elements used in the description of bibliographic works reflect the nature of works as intellectual and linguistic objects. The descriptive elements of bibliographic items describe the physical properties of bibliographic entities. Bibliographic relationships constitute the logical strucutre of the database
- Source
- Navigating the networks: Proceedings of the 1994 Mid-year Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Portland, Oregon, May 21-25, 1994. Ed.: D.L. Andersen et al
-
Proffitt, M.: Pulling it all together : use of METS in RLG cultural materials service (2004)
0.03
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- Abstract
- RLG has used METS for a particular application, that is as a wrapper for structural metadata. When RLG cultural materials was launched, there was no single way to deal with "complex digital objects". METS provides a standard means of encoding metadata regarding the digital objects represented in RCM, and METS has now been fully integrated into the workflow for this service.
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.65-68
-
Guenther, R.S.: Using the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) for resource description : guidelines and applications (2004)
0.03
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- Abstract
- This paper describes the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS), its accompanying documentation and some of its applications. It reviews the MODS user guidelines provided by the Library of Congress and how they enable a user of the schema to consistently apply MODS as a metadata scheme. Because the schema itself could not fully document appropriate usage, the guidelines provide element definitions, history, relationships with other elements, usage conventions, and examples. Short descriptions of some MODS applications are given and a more detailed discussion of its use in the Library of Congress's Minerva project for Web archiving is given.
- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.89-98
-
Temmerman, P.: ISAD(G): de definitieve standaard? (1994)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Despite the extensive use of automation for archive management the creation of ISAD(G) (General International Standard Archival Description) was only accepted in January 1992. A special adaptation of the ISBD had already enabled a start to be made on creating MARC format records for archive collections. ISAD(G) will facilitate the exchange of data among collections. Whether the new standard will be suitable for all forms of archive depends on the willingness of archivists to adopt new technology
-
Spicher, K.M.: ¬The development of the MARC format (1996)
0.03
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- Abstract
- The use of computerized cataloguing data requires a commitment on the part of libraries to the standardization of data elements and record formats. Early computerized formats were initiated by several research libraries to serve the needs of particular university systems. In developing MARC, the LoC drew on the experiences of these libraries in establishing a standard acceptable to the research library community for the interchange of bibliographic data. Discusses early computerized formats influencing MARC, the origins of the MARC Pilot Project, and design factors influencing the evolution of the format through MARC2. Research was based on primary sources documenting the early history of MARC, including unpublished documents in the LoC archives
-
Format integration and its effect on the USMARC bibliographic format (1992)
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- Abstract
- Shows the bibliographic format as it currently exists, as well as the format integration work remaining to be done. Additionally, appendices bring together the elements to be added, extended to other forms of material, and made obsolete, as well as name changes. Also presents an overview of format integration. Addenda are being issued with the publication to keep it up to date
- Editor
- Library of Congress
- Footnote
- Replaces the 1988 edition. Use with the new edition of 'USMARC format for bibliographic data (1994)' when planning for format integration
- Imprint
- Washington : Library of Congress
-
Khurshid, Z.: From MARC to MARC 21 and beyond : some reflections on MARC and the Arabic language (2002)
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- Abstract
- The paper aims to review major developments in the MARC format, including a brief description of metadata schemes and cross-walks. It also offers an assessment of how well MARC works for Arabic script materials, a description of the degree to which MARC is used in Saudi Arabia, and the prospects for the use of XML versions of MARC in the Arab world.
-
Delfino, E.: Data file formats for exchange of data (1993)
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- Abstract
- Discusses examples of ASCII data formats available in database programs which can be used for data exchange. Describes comma-delimited format, fixed length format, and one field per line format. Details a WordPerfect wordprocessing macro for converting data in comma-delimited files of a database system into a secondary mail merge file format of a wordprocessing package
-
Heaney, M.: Object-oriented cataloging (1995)
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- Abstract
- Catalogues have evolved from lists of physical items present in particular libraries into computerized access and retrieval tools for works dispersed across local and national boundaries. Works themselves are no longer constrained by physical form yet cataloguing rules have not evolved in parallel with these developments. Reanalyzes the nature of works and their publication in an approach based on object oriented modelling and demonstrates the advantages to be gained thereby. Suggests a strategic plan to enable an organic transformation to be made from current MARC based cataloguing to object oriented cataloguing. Proposes major revisions of MARC in order to allow records to maximize the benefits of both computerized databases and high speed data networks. This will involve a fundamental shift away from the AACR philosophy of description of, plus access to, physical items
-
International Seminar on the Creation and Use of Authority Files, St. Petersburg, Russia, 4-6 October 1995 (1996)
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- Content
- Papers of the following speakers: DANSKIN, A.: The Anglo-American Authority File: an idea whose time has come?; GUY, M.: The Bibliothèque Nationale de France and authority files: advances and perspectives in co-operation; KELM, B.: The Subject Authority File in Germany; McGARRY, D.: Guidelines for subject authority and reference entries; MURTOMAA, E.: Planning and creating name authority control: the Finnish experience
-
Maxwell, R.L.: Bibliographic control (2009)
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- Abstract
- Bibliographic control is the process of creation, exchange, preservation, and use of data about information resources. Formal bibliographic control has been practiced for millennia, but modern techniques began to be developed and implemented in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A series of cataloging codes characterized this period. These codes governed the creation of library catalogs, first in book form, then on cards, and finally in electronic formats, including MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC). The period was also characterized by the rise of shared cataloging programs, allowing the development of resource-saving copy cataloging procedures. Such programs were assisted by the development of cataloging networks such as OCLC and RLG. The twentieth century saw progress in the theory of bibliographic control, including the 1961 Paris Principles, culminating with the early twenty-first century Statement of International Cataloguing Principles and IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Toward the end of the period bibliographic control began to be applied to newly invented electronic media, as "metadata." Trends point toward continued development of collaborative and international approaches to bibliographic control.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Cranefield, S.: Networked knowledge representation and exchange using UML and RDF (2001)
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- Abstract
- This paper proposes the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a language for modelling ontologies for Web resources and the knowledge contained within them. To provide a mechanism for serialising and processing object diagrams representing knowledge, a pair of XSI-T stylesheets have been developed to map from XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) encodings of class diagrams to corresponding RDF schemas and to Java classes representing the concepts in the ontologies. The Java code includes methods for marshalling and unmarshalling object-oriented information between in-memory data structures and RDF serialisations of that information. This provides a convenient mechanism for Java applications to share knowledge on the Web
- Source
- Journal of digital information. 1(2001) no.8
-
McCallum, S.H.: MARCXML sampler (2005)
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- Abstract
- At the IFLA conference in Glasgow, three years ago, the Information Technology Section organized a workshop on metadata. At that workshop MARCXML was presented, along with plans and expectations for its use. This paper is an update to that report. It reviews the development of an XML schema for MARC 21 and the MARCXML tool kit of transformations. The close relationship of MARCXML to the recent ISO standards work associated with MARC in XML is described. Sketches of interesting applications follow with uses that range from MARCXML as a switching format to a maintenance tool to a record communication format for new XML-based protocols.
- Footnote
- Vortrag, World Library and Information Congress: 71th IFLA General Conference and Council "Libraries - A voyage of discovery", August 14th - 18th 2005, Oslo, Norway.
-
Guenther, R.S.: ¬The USMARC Format for Classification Data : development and implementation (1992)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses the newly developed USMARC Format for Classification Data. It reviews its potential uses within an online system and its development as one of the USMARC standards for representing bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form. It provides a summary of the fields in the format, and considers the prospects for its implementation.
- Source
- Classification research for knowledge representation and organization. Proc. 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991. Ed. by N.J. Williamson u. M. Hudon
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Frias, J.A.: Revisiones, desarollo y perspectivas de la ISBD (1996)
0.02
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- Abstract
- An examination of the chief developments over the last decade, covering the revisions of the standards for monographs (M), serials (S), cartographic materials (CM); and non-book materials (NBM) published in 1987; and revisions of antiquarian (A) and printed music (PM) standards published in 1991. The process of development of new standards for computer files (CF) and component parts (CP), and the creation of a concise version for mongraphy, is discussed in detail, in the overall perspective of illustrating why ISBD has gained international acceptance. The consultative process of creation and willingness to accomodate diverse cultural, linguistic and bibliographical traditions is the basis, together with universal recognition of the need for standardisation for conversion and use of computerised data. Future developments will focus on standardisation of exchange formats (MARC)
-
McKercher, B.; Chang, P.X.: ¬A comparison of USMARC and UNIMARC for system design (1995)
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- Abstract
- Provides a background to the development of the MINISIS relational database management system. The new MINISIS will offer a forms-based 4GL application development environment for building an integrated library system at the heart of which will be the catalogue database. Describes the research on the the database structure involving a comparison between USMARC and UNIMARC. Covers the worldwide use of the 2 systems. Discusses differences in field/subfield content designation; differences in field attributes; access points; linking entries, related fields; control information numbers and codes; USMARC format integration and linkage to other languages and holdings information; linkage with other MARC files; and considerations regarding systems design
