-
Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie (1971-2007)
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- Footnote
- Online unter: https://hwph.ch/ bzw. https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27hwph_productpage%27%5D__1515856966402.
-
Cox, J.: Keyguide to information sources in online and CD-ROM database searching (1991)
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- COMPASS
- On-line data processing
- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval systems
On / line data processing
- Subject
- Information storage and retrieval systems
On / line data processing
On-line data processing
-
Opacs in the UK : JANET-OPACs (1991)
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- Editor
- University of Sussex Library
- Issue
- A list of interactive library catalogues on Janet ...3 April 1991.
- LCSH
- Catalogs, On / line
- Subject
- Catalogs, On / line
-
Nuovo soggettario : guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, prototipo del thesaurus (2007)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
Thesaurus software is based on AgroVoc (http:// www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm) provided by the FAO, but in modified form. Many searching options and contextualization within the full hierarchies are possible, so that the choice of morphology and syntax of terms and strings is made easier by the complete overview of semantic relationships. New controlled terms will be available soon, thanks to the work in progress - there are now 13,000 terms, of which 40 percent are non-preferred. In three months, free Internet access by CD-ROM will cease and a subscription will be needed. The digital version of old Soggettario and the corresponding unstructured lists of headings adopted in 1956-1985 are accessible together with the thesaurus, so that the whole vocabulary, old and new, will be at the fingertips of the indexer, who is forced to work with both tools during this transition period. In the future, it will be possible to integrate the thesaurus into library OPACs. The two parts form a very consistent and detailed resource. The guide is filled with examples; the accurate, clearly-expressed and consistent instructions are further enhanced by good use of fonts and type size, facilitating reading. The thesaurus is simple and quick to use, very rich, albeit only a prototype; see, for instance, a list of DDC numbers and related terms with their category and facet, and then entries, hierarchies and so on, and the capacity of the structure to show organized knowledge. The excellent outcome of a demanding experimentation, the intended guide welcomes in a new era of subject indexing in Italy and is highly recommended. The new method has been designed to be easily teachable to new and experimented indexers.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."
- Theme
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval
-
Satija, M.P.: ¬A dictionary of knowledge organization (2004)
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- Abstract
- From classification to knowledge organization through subject indexing the field has been so rapidly growing that it is difficult to demarcate its boundaries. Knowledge organization is viewed in the sense of conglomeration of activities to sort and order knowledge, to acquire, ufilize, evaluate, represent and communicate knowledge for problem solving. It has been no simple matter to decide what should be included in and excluded from such a dictionary. Broadly speaking the terms an the following topics are included in the work : Knowledge, Epistemology, Concepts, Terminology and Vocabulary control ; Classification systems, their design, theory and practice of classification, Subject analysis; fundamental categories and facets, Content and Text analysis, Use of classification in online systems and an the web. Subject cataloguing : subject headings, Thesauri and alphabetical indexing languages : Keyword, chain and string indexes, Knowledge representation, Classification for access and retrieval, Cognitive aspects of information- seeking behaviour, Automatic classification, Descriptive cataloguing : Theory, kinds, levels, standards and codes, OPACs, all are covered in this work. Like any other such work of this sort, it is an electic compilation. The work proposes to be descriptive rather than prescriptive. Endeavour is to find brief simple, logical and consensual meaning of terms, and append brief description of a concept or an issue with explanation, examples and comments in a bottom up way. Some current topics denoted by phrases have also been included. At times it may give the look of a concise encyclopaedic dictionary. Terms fully describe concepts and methods, and may evoke some thoughts an current and classic issues in the field.
-
European directory of text retrieval software (1993)
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-
Barron, B., M.-C. Mahe (Comp.): an annual guide to Internet-accessible online public access catalogs. Including 'accessing on-line bibliographic databases' : ¬The OPAC directory (1994)
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-
Library resources on the Internet : strategies for selection and use (1992)
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- Abstract
- A project of Direct Patron Access to Computer-based Reference Systems Committee, Machine-assisted Reference Section, Reference and Adult Services Division, American Library Association.
-
Keenan, S.; Johnston, C.: Concise dictionary of library and information science (2000)
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- Abstract
- Contains about 5.000 terms in one alphabetical sequence, incorporating 6 themes (information sources, information handling, computers and telecommunications, management, research methodology and publishing)
-
Using the mathematical literature (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mathematical intelligencer 27(2005) no.2, S.80-81 (J.P. Ladwig u. E.B. Williams): "This book deals with the basic tools and skills needed in the mathematical laboratory." It is written not only for librarians, but more importantly for undergraduates doing mathematical research, for graduate students, and for faculty exploring new areas. This is the 66th volume of Dekker's Books in Library and Information Science. It is divided into two parts, "Tools and Strategies," and "Recommended Reading by Subject," and it has two indexes: author and subject. The first place a seasoned mathematician is likely to browse is Part II, "Recommended Readings by Subject," just to check the list of resources for his or her subject. The subjects included are: History of mathematics Number theory Combinatorics Abstract algebra Algebraic and differential geometry Real and complex analysis Differential equations Topology Probability theory and stochastic processes Numerical analysis Mathematical biology Mathematics education NOTE: We understand from the editor that contributors for other subjects (like mathematical logie) would have been welcome. Each subject is given a chapter written by a mathematician and/or a mathematics librarian. Each entry gives enough information to locate and even order the resource, and often a one- or two-sentence description. The emphasis is an books, but key journals and on-line resources are also indicated. The chapters generally contain an introduction, a section an general sources, and then sections for the major subdivisions of a field. Sections often refer to general texts, and then further refine the subdivision. For example, the chapter an topology by Alan Hatcher contains a section an introductory books, then sections an algebraic topology, manifold theory, low-dimensional topology, history, and other resources. The section an manifold theory, for example, discusses differential topology, piecewise-linear topology, topological manifolds, and surgery theory.
Part 1, "Tools and Strategies," contains three chapters. The first is a very interesting one an the culture of mathematics. For undergraduates who are thinking about advanced study (or for friends and family who are puzzled about what a mathematician does), this is a concise and even elegant overview. "Tools" continues with chapters an "Finding Mathematics Information" and an "Searching the Research Literature." Both chapters are written by experienced mathematics librarians and answer questions asked by those learning and studying mathematics. "Finding Mathematics Information" contains sixteen sections (too many to enumerate)-two of our favorites are "Locating Definitions and Basic Explanations" and "Finding or Verifying Quotations and Anecdotes." As with Part II, each entry contains complete bibliographic information with a one- or twosentence abstract. "Searching the Research Literature" contains five sections: introduction, strategies, finding journal articles using indexes, finding papers an the Web, and obtaining the resources found. This chapter is more of a discussion than a list of resources, but like the chapter an "Finding Mathematics Information" would be helpful for someone just beginning research in mathematics. Because this work is primarily arranged by discipline, it offers a different perspective than Nancy D. Anderson and Lois M. Pausch, editors, A Guide to Library Service in Mathematics (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc.), 1993. One might also consult the $65 book by Martha Tucker and Nancy Anderson, Guide to Information Sources in Mathematics and Statistics (Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited), 2004. The book's major drawback is its price - 42c per page vs. 19c for Tucker and Anderson. However, it is still an important addition to your library's collection, a relevant resource for undergraduate and graduate student advisors, and perhaps a gift for the new librarian who will be working with your department."
-
Sears' list of subject headings (2010)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 38(2011) no.4, S.360-361 (M.P. Satija): "The 20th edition of the celebrated Sears List (1sted.1923) published in June 2010 sets a new cycle of three year revision. Earlier it was three and a half years to synchronize with the publication of the new edition of the Abridged Dewey revised after every seven years. In the days of constantly updated WebDewey, it is no more a constraint. For the first time Sears List has been released simultaneously in online database format accessible to licensed subscribers. Responding to the environmental changes the basic edition is the online one whose content is designed in MARC authority. Print edition is now a derivative of the MARC data. The editors keep tabs on the changing information seeking behavior of users and how OPACs are accessed; yet the editors or the publishers never discuss the mechanisms of designing a new edition. The new edition features more than 300 new subject headings suggested by librarians from different types of libraries, vendors of bibliographic records, indexers and subject specialists at the H.W. Wilson Company. Every new edition incorporates advances in vocabulary control, changing approaches of library users for subject access and even in the worldwide use of the English language. Each edition of the Sears List strengthens and continues the policies and consolidates the reforms that began with the 15th edition (1994). It is indeed an era of innovations in Sears. The latest knowledge from information science and information seeking behavior has been deployed to modernize the internal structure and grammar of the Sears List. Continuing adaptation constitutes the key to its success and popularity in the shifting sands of the information-seeking behavior of users. But the List is still a living manifestation of the principles of subject cataloguing put forth by C.A. Cutter (1837-1903).
. . . To summarize, as usual the List continues to provide complete guidance for the subject cataloguers for the maintenance of catalogues, for addition of new headings, and revision of the old ones. Its Introduction is clear and well illustrated, so much so that not only it is an illustrated operational manual to the Sears but also a concise textbook to teach principles and theory of the subject headings. Due to its affordable price and portability it is used to teach basics of subject headings in first year of Knowledge Organization courses. It also acts as an excellent and easy index to the DDC (Weihs 2004). The new edition should be welcome both for subject cataloguers and for teachers of subject cataloguing work."
- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
-
Sears' list of subject headings (2007)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 35(2008) no.1, S.55-58 (M.P. Satija): "The Sears List, first published in 1923, has survived times of destabilizing changes while keeping reasonable continuity with the past. Dr. Joseph Miller, at the helm since 1992 and the longest-serving editor in the eighty-four years of the List's existence, first edited the 15th edition of the Sears (1994). Over the years, the Sears has achieved more than it had hoped for: ever-increasing use the world over. In fact, the turbulent progress of media and information theories has forced the Sears to keep up with the changing times. Knowledge organization is a shifting sand in the electronic era. Vast and varied changes generate not only new information, but also new terms and phrases. It is trite to say that the electronic media have transformed the way in which we access information and knowledge. The new edition of the Sears has absorbed these changes to reflect the times. The 19th edition, released in May 2007, has about 440 new headings, to bring the new total to over 8000 headings, which keeps the growth rate at five percent. Newly-added headings generally fall into one of two categories: a) headings for the new and current subjects and b) headings previously missed. A few more have been modified. New editions are produced regularly to: - incorporate terms for new subjects, - restructure the form of old headings to suit the changing information needs and informationseeking behaviour of the users, - add new terms to old subject headings to reflect current usage, - delete the obsolete subjects, - forge new relations between subjects and their terms. Two major areas of new additions are in the fields of Islam, as might be expected, and the graphic novel- the latter has thirty headings perhaps drawn from the WilsonWeb Database on Graphic Novels Core Collection. ... The lapses are minor and could be forgiven; they in no way detract from this continuously-expanding and well-established tool for subject-cataloguing in small and medium libraries. The handy List and its lucid introduction make Sears an excellent and convenient tool for teaching subject headings' use and principles, as well as methods of vocabulary control. With its glossy and flowery cover, clear typeface and high production standards, the new edition is particularly welcome."
- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
-
Braun, E.: ¬The Internet directory : [the guide with the most complete listings for: 1500+ Internet and Bitnet mailing lists, 2700+ Usenet newsgroups, 1000+ On-line library catalogs (OPACs) ...] (1994)
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-
Directory of computer conferencing in libraries (1992)
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- Series
- Supplements to computers in libraries; 36
-
Kessler, J.: Directory to fulltext online resources (1992)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Computers in libraries 12(1992) no.9, S.70-71 (R. Johnson); IfB 2(1994) H.3/4, S.472-473 (C. Dietz)
- Series
- Supplements to computers in libraries; 55
-
Nicholls, P.T.: CD-ROM buyer's guide & handbook : the definitive reference for CD-ROM users (1993)
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- Content
- State of the industry / Evaluating and buying titles / Buying a CD-ROM drive / Understanding spe csheets / Over 200 top CD-ROM titles evaluated and rated / How discs are made / Evaluating CD-ROM retrieval software / CD-ROM collection building / Glossary of terms / Huge directory of CD-ROM reviews / Pre-purchase checklists / Comprehensive bibliography / Comparison of directories, journals, newsletters, books and other resources
-
Houston, J.E.: Thesaurus of ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) descriptors : 14th ed. (2001)
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- Abstract
- The Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 14th Edition 2001, has been developed under the auspices of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) of the National Library of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. Its content reflects ERIC's 34 years of monitoring the educational literature. This 14th edition is the result of ERIC's continued efforts to maintain quality in its controlled vocabulary and to respond to the changing nature of education. As in previous editions, the Thesaurus reflects ERIC's response to the needs of the educational user community. ERIC remains committed to maintaining a Thesaurus that represents the definitive vocabulary for education. The 2001 edition contains 10,773 vocabulary terms, of which 5,963 are main-entry Descriptors and 4,810 are non-indexable USE references or "Dead" terms. New terms not appearing in previous editions include 206 Descriptors and 210 USE references. This edition also reflects several hundred Scope Notes and Cross-reference modifications to earlier Descriptor displays. Again as in the past, the Thesaurus revision has been made possible by the joint efforts and sound judgments of personnel throughout the entire ERIC system responding to both the literature and the users in the field. ERIC vocabulary coordinators, who, as members of the systemwide "Vocabular Review Group," oversee this effort, are listed below.
-
Metz, R.: Directory of directories on the Internet (1992)
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-
Webster, N.: Webster's third new international dictionary of the English language unabridged : utilizing all the experience and resources of more than one hundred years of Merriam-Webster dictionaries (1993)
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- Abstract
- Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the perfect answer to every reference need. Utilizing the resources of more than one hundred years of dictionary publishing, this single volume work covers the current vocabulary of standard written and spoken English as well as incorporating many scientific and technical terms. The easy-to-understand, concise definitions were compiled under the direction of the Webster's staff of lexicographers, assuring both accuracy and clarity. Each word has been thoroughly researched to ensure that the dictionary meets its aims of correctness and comprehensiveness. Each term is defined at its own place in the alphabet with completely analytical one-phrase definitions. A pronunciation guide for standard American usage and etymologies of many words are also included. This unabridged version contains over 450,000 entries. More than 10 million sources were consulted for examples of usage, over 14,000 different authors are quoted, and thousands of verbal illustrations from the mid-twentieth century are presented to show words in context. In addition, the dictionary includes numerous tables for weights and measurements, chemical elements, mathematical formulas, and much more. Several full-page illustrations are also provided to assist the reader in understanding such diverse topics as the human body, star constellations, and the color spectrum. Unmatched in scope and quality, featuring a handsome text design and a sturdy binding made to endure long and frequent use, this Webster's Third New International Dictionary truly fulfills the needs for an accurate, clear, and comprehensive understanding of the English vocabulary in today's society.
-
Sears' list of subject headings (2018)
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- Abstract
- The system is available both in print and online versions. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition, there are a total of 1,600 new headings making it a total of 12,000+ preferred headings meant for subject access in small and medium sized libraries. This unprecedented increase of about 1,600 headings is mostly due the complete incorporation of the Canadian Sears last published independently in 2006. Also critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. Concludes to say the new edition in resplendent, hard binding maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings both for applications and a teaching resource.
- Date
- 21.12.2018 18:22:12
- Footnote
- Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).
- Object
- Sears List of Subject Headings
