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Footnote

In "Organizing Information" various fundamental organizational schemes are compared. These include hierarchical, relational, hypertext, and random access models. Each is described initially and then expanded an by listing advantages and disadvantages. This comparative format-not found elsewhere in the book-improves access to the subject and overall understanding. The author then affords considerable space to Boolean searching in the chapter "Retrieving Information." Throughout this chapter, the intricacies and problems of pattern matching and relevance are highlighted. The author elucidates the fact that document retrieval by simple pattern matching is not the same as problem solving. Therefore, "always know the nature of the problem you are trying to solve" (p. 56). This chapter is one of the more important ones in the book, covering a large topic swiftly and concisely. Chapters 5 through 11 then delve deeper into various specific issues of information systems. The chapters an securing and concealing information are exceptionally good. Without mentioning specific technologies, Mr. Ratzan is able to clearly present fundamental aspects of information security. Principles of backup security, password management, and encryption are also discussed in some detail. The latter is illustrated with some fascinating examples, from the Navajo Code Talkers to invisible ink and others. The chapters an measuring, counting, and numbering information complement each other well. Some of the more math-centric discussions and examples are found here. "Measuring Information" begins with a brief overview of bibliometrics and then moves quickly through Lotka's law, Zipf's law, and Bradford's law. For an LIS student, exposure to these topics is invaluable. Baseball statistics and web metrics are used for illustration purposes towards the end. In "counting Information," counting devices and methods are first presented, followed by discussion of the Fibonacci sequence and golden ratio. This relatively long chapter ends with examples of the tower of Hanoi, the changes of winning the lottery, and poker odds. The bulk of "Numbering Information" centers an prime numbers and pi. This chapter reads more like something out of an arithmetic book and seems somewhat extraneous here. Three specific types of information systems are presented in the second half of the book, each afforded its own chapter. These examples are universal as not to become dated or irrelevant over time. "The Computer as an Information System" is relatively short and focuses an bits, bytes, and data compression. Considering the Internet as an information system-chapter 13-is an interesting illustration. It brings up issues of IP addressing and the "privilege-vs.-right" access issue. We are reminded that the distinction between information rights and privileges is often unclear. A highlight of this chapter is the discussion of metaphors people use to describe the Internet, derived from the author's own research. He has found that people have varying mental models of the Internet, potentially affecting its perception and subsequent use.

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Abstract

Design and Usability of Digital Libraries: Case Studies in the Asia Pacific showcases some of the best digital library practices from organizations in the Asia Pacific. Particular emphasis has been placed on the design, use and usability of digital libraries. Not only are digital libraries examined, but related technologies, the management of knowledge in digital libraries, and the associated usability and social issues surrounding digital libraries are all examined. Design and Usability of Digital Libraries will benefit practitioners, researchers, educators and policy makers from a variety of disciplines. In particular developers/designers of digital libraries, librarians, users and researchers will all find this collection of case studies a valuable tool to understanding digital libraries.

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Footnote

The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.