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Source

Argus. 26(1997) no.3, S.16-22

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Date

17. 1.2019 19:04:22

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Date

8. 3.2007 19:55:22

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Abstract

Es werden Konzepte eines syntaktischen Metathesaurus, der identische Benennungen und deren Relationen aufeinander abbildet, vorgestellt und von semantischen Metathesauri abgegrenzt. Dieses aus mehreren Konzepten bestehende Modell bietet sich für die automatische Zusammenführung weit gehend übereinstimmender Thesauri zu einem virtuellen Metathesaurus an, den man in Internetportale und Suchmaschinen integrieren kann. Besondere Vorteile sind hierbei das günstige Kosten-Nutzen- Verhältnis und die geringen technischen Anforderungen eines syntaktischen Metathesaurus. Es werden die Inkonsistenzen bei der Zusammenführung inhomogener Thesauri ausführlich beschrieben und Möglichkeiten zur Konsistenzverbesserung angeboten. Ein syntaktisches Thesauruskonzept eignet sich für den Einsatz bei der Websuche in Parlamentsinformationssystemen, wie z. B. dem Parlamentsspiegel, einer Datenbank zum Nachweis der deutschen Parlamentsmaterialien.

Source

Vom Wandel der Wissensorganisation im Informationszeitalter: Festschrift für Walther Umstätter zum 65. Geburtstag, hrsg. von P. Hauke u. K. Umlauf

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Date

24. 8.2016 14:03:22

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: SCHMITZ-ESSER, W.: Language of general communication and concept compatibility; RIESTHUIS, G.: Theory of compatibility of information languages; DAHLBERG, I.: The compatibility guidelines - a re-evaluation; SOERGEL, D.: Data structure and software support for integrated thesauri; MURASZKIEWICZ, M., H. RYBINSKI u. W. STRUK: Software problems of merging multilingual thesauri; CHMIELEWSKA-GORCZYCA, E.: Compatibility of indexing tools in multidatabase environment; NEGRINI, G.: Towards structural compatibility between concept systems; SCIBOR, E.: Some remarks on the establishment of concordances between a universal classification system and an interdisciplinary thesaurus; HOPPE, S.: The UMLS - a model for knowledge integration in a subject field; DEXTRE-CLARKE, S.: Integrating thesauri in the agricultural sciences; ROULIN, C.: Bringing multilingual thesauri together: a feasibility study; ZIMMERMANN, H.: Conception and application possibilities of classification concordances in an OPAC environment; SOSINSKA-KALATA, B.: The Universal Decimal Classification as an international standard for knowledge organization in bibliographic databases and library catalogues; WOZNIAK, J. u. T. GLOWACKA: KABA Subject Authority File - an example of an integrated Polish-French-English subject headings system; BABIK, W.: Terminology as a level for the compatibility of indexing languages - some remarks; STANCIKOVA, P.: International integrated database systems linked to multilingual thesauri covering the field of environment and agriculture; SAMEK, T.: Indexing languages integration and the EUROVOC Thesaurus in the Czech Republic; SIWEK, K.: Compatibility discrepancies between Polish and foreign databases; GLINSKI, W. u. M. MURASZKIEWICZ: An intelligent front-end processor for accessing information systems

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Abstract

Much of the literature of information science and knowledge organization has accepted and built upon Elaine Svenonius's (2004) claim that "paradigmatic relationships are those that are context-free, definitional, and true in all possible worlds" (p. 583). At the same time, the literature demonstrates a common understanding that paradigmatic relations are the kinds of semantic relations used in thesauri and other knowledge organization systems (including equivalence relations, hierarchical relations, and associative relations). This understanding is problematic and harmful because it directs attention away from the empirical and contextual basis for knowledge-organizing systems. Whether A is a kind of X is certainly not context-free and definitional in empirical sciences or in much everyday information. Semantic relations are theory-dependent and, in biology, for example, a scientific revolution has taken place in which many relations have changed following the new taxonomic paradigm named "cladism." This biological example is not an exception, but the norm. Semantic relations including paradigmatic relations are not a priori but are dependent on subject knowledge, scientific findings, and paradigms. As long as information scientists and knowledge organizers isolate themselves from subject knowledge, knowledge organization cannot possibly progress.

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Abstract

Es ist ein semantisches Netz für den Gegenstandsbereich Luftfahrt modelliert worden, welches Unternehmensinformationen, Organisationen, Fluglinien, Flughäfen, etc. enthält, Diese sind 10 Hauptkategorien zugeordnet worden, die untergliedert nach Facetten sind. Die Begriffe des Gegenstandsbereiches sind mit 23 unterschiedlichen Relationen verknüpft worden (Z. B.: 'hat Standort in', bietet an, 'ist Homebase von', etc). Der Schwerpunkt der Betrachtung liegt auf dem Unterschied zwischen den drei klassischen Standardrelationen und den zusätzlich eingerichteten Relationen, bezüglich ihrem Nutzen für ein effizientes Retrieval. Die angelegten Kategorien und Relationen sind sowohl für eine kognitive als auch für eine maschinelle Verarbeitung geeignet.

Date

26. 9.2006 21:00:22

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Content

Enthält 47 Beiträge den Schwerpunkten der Tagung: Biology and related fields - Engineering and natural sciences - Medicine - Information science and information technology - Law and economics - Social sciences and humanities - Terminology research and interdisciplinary aspects; darunter: OESER, E. u. G. BUDIN: Explication and representation of qualitative biological and medical concepts: the example of the pocket knowledge data base on carnivores; HOHENEGGER, J.: Specles as the basic units in taxonomy and nomenclature; LAVIETER, L. de, J.A. DESCHAMPS u. B. FELLUGA: A multilingual environmental thesaurus: past, present, and future; TODESCHINI, C. u. G. Thoemig: The thesaurus of the International Nuclear Information System: experiences in an international environment; CITKINA, F.: Terminology of mathematics: contrastive analysis as a basis for standardization and harmonization; WALKER, D.G.: Technology and engineering terminolgy: translation problems encountered and suggested solutions; VERVOOM, A.J.: Terminology and engineering sciences; HIRS, W.M.: ICD-10, a missed chance and a new opportunity for medical terminology standardization; THOMAS, P.: Subject indexes in medical literature; RAHMSTORF, G.: Analysis of information technology terms; NEGRINI, G.: Indexing language for research projects and its graphic display; BATEWICZ, M.: Impact of modern information technology on knowledge transfer services and terminology; RATZINGER, M.: Multilingual product description (MPD): a European project; OHLY, H.P.: Terminology of the social sciences and social context approaches; BEAUGRANDE, R. de: Terminology and discourse between the social sciences and the humanities; MUSKENS, G.: Terminological standardisation and socio-linguistic diversity: dilemmas of crosscultural sociology; SNELL, B.: Terminology ten years on; ZHURAVLEV, V.F.: Standard ontological structures of systems of concepts of active knowledge; WRIGHT, S.E.: Terminology standardization in standards societies and professional associations in the United States; DAHLBERG; I.: The terminology of subject fields - reconsidered; AHMAD, K. u. H. Fulford: Terminology of interdisciplinary fields: a new perspective; DATAA, J.: Full-text databases as a terminological support for translation

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Abstract

Der Thesaurus als Dokumentationssprache wird in der DIN 1463-1in seinen wesentlichen Merkmalen beschrieben. Dort wird der Thesaurus im informationswissenschaftlichen Sinne so definiert: "Ein Thesaurus im Bereich der Information und Dokumentation ist eine geordnete Zusammenstellung von Begriffen und ihren (vorwiegend natürlichsprachigen) Bezeichnungen, die in einem Dokumentationsgebiet zum Indexieren, Speichern und Wiederauffinden dient. Er ist durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet: a) Begriffe und Bezeichnungen werden eindeutig aufeinander bezogen ("terminologische Kontrolle"), indem - Synonyme möglichst vollständig erfasst werden, - Homonyme und Polyseme besonders gekennzeichnet werden, - für jeden Begriff eine Bezeichnung (Vorzugsbenennung, Begriffsnummer oder Notation) festgelegt wird, die den Begriff eindeutig vertritt, b) Beziehungen zwischen Begriffen (repräsentiert durch ihre Bezeichnungen) werden dargestellt." Diese Definition wäre zu ergänzen um folgende: c) Der Thesaurus ist präskriptiv, indem er für seinen Geltungsbereich festlegt, welche begrifflichen Einheiten zur Verfügung gestellt werden und durch welche Bezeichnungen diese repräsentiert werden. Im Folgenden sollen die wichtigsten Elemente und Prinzipien von Thesauri und die Thesaurusmethodik vorgestellt werden. Dies kann in diesem Rahmen nur auf eine sehr kursorische und allgemeine Art und Weise geschehen. Außerdem beschränkt sich die Darstellung auf den Thesauruseinsatz im klassischen Bereich von Information und Dokumentation. Auf die Behandlung von Spezialproblemen oder auf besondere Thesaurusformen (z.B. mehrsprachige Thesauri) kann hier nicht eingegangen werden, ebenso auf die erweiterten Anforderungen, die an Thesauri im Kontext von Wissensrepräsentation oder Hypertext zu stellen sind. Allerdings überschneidet sich der klassische IuD-Bereich zunehmend mit erweiterten Formen (etwa im Rahmen von Internetanwendungen). Da der Thesaurus im dokumentarischen Sinn alle Grundelemente des Thesaurusprinzips in klarer Form aufweist, wird dieser Bereich für eine Einführung gewählt. Für eine intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik wird die Lektüre von Wersig empfohlen, auf den sich auch die folgenden Ausführungen in weiten Teilen stützen. Eine weitere grundsätzliche Einführung in diesen Bereich, allerdings eher ausgerichtet auf die Spezifika des englischen Sprachraums, findet sich bei Lancaster.

Date

5. 4.2013 10:18:22

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Series

Materialien zur Information und Dokumentation; Bd.22

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Type

b

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Abstract

Calvin Mooers' work toward the resolution of the problem of ambiguity in indexing went unrecognized for years. At the time he introduced the "descriptor" - a term with a very distinct meaning-indexers were, for the most part, taking index terms directly from the document, without either rationalizing them with context or normalizing them with some kind of classification. It is ironic that Mooers' term came to be attached to the popular but unsophisticated indexing methods which he was trying to root out. Simply expressed, what Mooers did was to take the dictionary definitions of terms and redefine them so clearly that they could not be used in any context except that provided by the new definition. He did, at great pains, construct such meanings for over four hundred words; disambiguation and specificity were sought after and found for these words. He proposed that all indexers adopt this method so that when the index supplied a term, it also supplied the exact meaning for that term as used in the indexed document. The same term used differently in another document would be defined differently and possibly renamed to avoid ambiguity. The disambiguation was achieved by using unabridged dictionaries and other sources of defining terminology. In practice, this tends to produce circularity in definition, that is, word A refers to word B which refers to word C which refers to word A. It was necessary, therefore, to break this chain by creating a new, definitive meaning for each word. Eventually, means such as those used by Austin (q.v.) for PRECIS achieved the same purpose, but by much more complex means than just creating a unique definition of each term. Mooers, however, was probably the first to realize how confusing undefined terminology could be. Early automatic indexers dealt with distinct disciplines and, as long as they did not stray beyond disciplinary boundaries, a quick and dirty keyword approach was satisfactory. The trouble came when attempts were made to make a combined index for two or more distinct disciplines. A number of processes have since been developed, mostly involving tagging of some kind or use of strings. Mooers' solution has rarely been considered seriously and probably would be extremely difficult to apply now because of so much interdisciplinarity. But for a specific, weIl defined field, it is still weIl worth considering. Mooers received training in mathematics and physics from the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the founder of Zator Company, which developed and marketed a coded card information retrieval system, and of Rockford Research, Inc., which engages in research in information science. He is the inventor of the TRAC computer language.

Footnote

Original in: Information retrieval today: papers presented at an Institute conducted by the Library School and the Center for Continuation Study, University of Minnesota, Sept. 19-22, 1962. Ed. by Wesley Simonton. Minneapolis, Minn.: The Center, 1963. S.21-36.

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Source

Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Parlaments- und Behördenbibliotheken. 1989, H.67, S.1-22

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Type

p