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  • × theme_ss:"Informationsethik"
  1. Behar, J.E.: Computer ethics : moral philosophy or professional propaganda? (1993) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    The diffuse focus of ethical discourse in computing is confusing. Clarifies the relation of computer ethics to issues of personal freedom, social control, and social inequality, seeks to provide human service workers and other professional computer specialists with a framework for identifying the social effects and moral dimensions of computerization
  2. Reed, G.M.; Sanders, J.W.: ¬The principle of distribution (2008) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    This article introduces a normative principle for the behavior of contemporary computing and communication systems and considers some of its consequences. The principle, named the principle of distribution, says that in a distributed multi-agent system, control resides as much as possible with the individuals constituting the system rather than in centralized agents; and when that is unfeasible or becomes inappropriate due to environmental changes, control evolves upwards from the individuals to an appropriate intermediate level rather than being imposed from above. The setting for the work is the dynamically changing global space resulting from ubiquitous communication. Accordingly, the article begins by determining the characteristics of the distributed multi-agent space it spans. It then fleshes out the principle of distribution, with examples from daily life as well as from Computer Science. The case is made for the principle of distribution to work at various levels of abstraction of system behavior: to inform the high-level discussion that ought to precede the more low-level concerns of technology, protocols, and standardization, but also to facilitate those lower levels. Of the more substantial applications given here of the principle of distribution, a technical example concerns the design of secure ad hoc networks of mobile devices, achievable without any form of centralized authentication or identification but in a solely distributed manner. Here, the context is how the principle can be used to provide new and provably secure protocols for genuinely ubiquitous communication. A second, more managerial example concerns the distributed production and management of open-source software, and a third investigates some pertinent questions involving the dynamic restructuring of control in distributed systems, important in times of disaster or malevolence.
    Date
    1. 6.2008 12:22:41
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.7, S.1134-1142
  3. Seadle, M.: Copyright in a networked world : ethics and infringement (2004) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    The statutes themselves are not the only basis for deciding whether an intellectual property rights infringement has occurred. Ethical judgments can also influence judicial rulings. This column looks at three issues of intellectual property ethics: the nature of the property, written guidelines for behavior, and enforcement mechanisms. For most active infringers digital property seems unreal, the rules ambiguous, and the enforcement statistically unlikely.
    Source
    Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.106-110
  4. O'Neil, R.M.: Free speech in cyberspace (1998) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Having reached the US Supreme Court in 1997, the Communications Decency Act (1996) has strong implications for Internet service providers. How to protect children while not denying adult rights of access is an issue which has impacted successively upon motion pictures, reading materials, radio, television and cable. The case for freedom of electronic speech appears compelling. The problems of obscenity, encryption (cryptography) and provocative 'cyberspeech' on the Internet offers a field day for litigation
    Date
    22. 2.1999 15:50:50
  5. Aghemo, A.: Etica professionale e servizio di informazione (1993) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    An awareness exists among Italian librarians of the need for an established code of ethics for library reference services. Considers the principles that such a code should incorporate; the US Commitment to Information services, for example, affirms users' rights of access to library books and resources, regardless of content and opinions expressed. Censoship is opposed and people are not barred from library use for ethnis, social or religious reasons. An ethical code would require library staff to be impartial, give attention and respect to users, allocate time properly, and avoid prejudice. Discusses the problems of library ethics which arise when user requests relate to sensitive topics e.g. euthansia, cocaine refining
    Date
    6. 4.1996 13:22:31
  6. Dane, F.C.: ¬The importance of the sources of professional obligations (2014) 0.02 
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    Source
    Philosophy, computing and information science. Eds.: R. Hagengruber u. U.V. Riss
  7. Informations- und Kommunikationsutopien (2008) 0.02 
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    Content
    Inhalt: Rafael Capurro: Einleitung Klaus Wiegerling: Ubiquitous Computing als konkrete Utopie Michael Nagenborg: Wenn Roboter alles wissen und Kühlschränke nicht lügen Tassilo Pellegrini: Semantic Web als konkrete Utopie - Eine praktische Annäherung Falko Blask: TV kontra Web: Mythos Medien - Medienmythen Hans Kräh: Filme als Zeitreisen: Medienszenarien in Zukunftsszenarien Uwe Jochum: Zur Zeit wird hier der Raum - Die digitale Inversion des Karfreitagszaubers Thomas Nisslmüller: Der cybergnostische Imperativ: Sich lesen in Zeiten virtueller Versuchsspiele Manfred Lang: Good Night, and Good Luck! Zur Geschichte informationspolitischer Utopien
  8. Homan, P.A.: Library catalog notes for "bad books" : ethics vs. responsibilities (2012) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The conflict between librarians' ethics and their responsibilities in the process of progressive collection management, which applies the principles of cost accounting to libraries, to call attention to the "bad books" in their collections that are compromised by age, error, abridgement, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright violation, libel, or fraud, is discussed. According to Charles Cutter, notes in catalog records should call attention to the best books but ignore the bad ones. Libraries that can afford to keep their "bad books," however, which often have a valuable second life, must call attention to their intellectual contexts in notes in the catalog records. Michael Bellesiles's Arming America, the most famous case of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty-first century, is used as a test case. Given the bias of content enhancement that automatically pulls content from the Web into library catalogs, catalog notes for "bad books" may be the only way for librarians to uphold their ethical principles regarding collection management while fulfilling their professional responsibilities to their users in calling attention to their "bad books."
    Date
    27. 9.2012 14:22:00
  9. Information ethics : privacy, property, and power (2005) 0.01 
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    Classification
    323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)
    DDC
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.302 (L.A. Ennis):"This is an important and timely anthology of articles "on the normative issues surrounding information control" (p. 11). Using an interdisciplinary approach, Moore's work takes a broad look at the relatively new field of information ethics. Covering a variety of disciplines including applied ethics, intellectual property, privacy, free speech, and more, the book provides information professionals of all kinds with a valuable and thought-provoking resource. Information Ethics is divided into five parts and twenty chapters or articles. At the end of each of the five parts, the editor has included a few "discussion cases," which allows the users to apply what they just read to potential real life examples. Part I, "An Ethical Framework for Analysis," provides readers with an introduction to reasoning and ethics. This complex and philosophical section of the book contains five articles and four discussion cases. All five of the articles are really thought provoking and challenging writings on morality. For instance, in the first article, "Introduction to Moral Reasoning," Tom Regan examines how not to answer a moral question. For example, he thinks using what the majority believes as a means of determining what is and is not moral is flawed. "The Metaphysics of Morals" by Immanuel Kant looks at the reasons behind actions. According to Kant, to be moral one has to do the right thing for the right reasons. By including materials that force the reader to think more broadly and deeply about what is right and wrong, Moore has provided an important foundation and backdrop for the rest of the book. Part II, "Intellectual Property: Moral and Legal Concerns," contains five articles and three discussion cases for tackling issues like ownership, patents, copyright, and biopiracy. This section takes a probing look at intellectual and intangible property from a variety of viewpoints. For instance, in "Intellectual Property is Still Property," Judge Frank Easterbrook argues that intellectual property is no different than physical property and should not be treated any differently by law. Tom Palmer's article, "Are Patents and Copyrights Morally Justified," however, uses historical examples to show how intellectual and physical properties differ.
    Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.
    The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."
  10. Shoemaker, E.: No one can whistle a symphony : seeking a catalogers' code of ethics (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper examines the limited literature about ethics of cataloging in order to elucidate the kind of situations catalogers face with minimal ethical guidance, and the questions those situations raise for the profession. Existing codes of ethics for library staff offer only peripheral guidelines for catalogers, leaving them adrift when ethical issues arise. Ultimately the lack of a clear code of ethics for information organization reinforces existing mystification around the role of catalogers within the library and causes difficulty in justifying decisions to supervisors and administrators. While ALA has a professionally accepted code of ethics, and ALCTS has a supplement to it, these codes are inadequate to clarify and guide cataloging work. Two vastly different approaches to a code of ethics for catalogers are considered for both their strengths and weaknesses. The author will make recommendations about what a code of ethics for catalogers should include, and who should be responsible for creating a new code for the profession.
  11. Weckert, J.; Ferguson, S.: Ethics, reference librarians and expert systems (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The issue of whether or not a librarian should attempt to answer all requests for information, regardless of the use to which the information may be put, is a vexed one. This paper discusses the issue in the context of expert systems in reference work, and suggests that the need for the reference librarian to use discretion has implications for expert system development. It examines the role of the reference librarian, discusses the cases for and against answering all requests for information, outlines the behaviour of expert systems in reference, and discusses possible problems and solutions
  12. Tenopir, C.: Ethics for online educators (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The only monitoring of educators is performed by their internal sense of right and wrong. Following the aggred terms of system contracts, selecting the most appropriate systems for students, keeping up to date with system features, and instilling ethical behaviour in students are at the core of ethics for online educators
  13. Szofran, N.: Internet etiquette and ethics (1994) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Offers advice on using the Internet network. Descusses the need for training, suggests rules for Internet use and examining ethical issues including: misuse of service, viruses and security
  14. Preer, J.: Special ethics for special librarians? (1991) 0.01 
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  15. Pearce, T.: Draft IIS guidelines for professional ethics for information professionals (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Reports the draft Institute of Information Scientists Guidelines, which are intended to provide a model of prefessional ethids for information professionals, the need for which had arisen because of changes in the information environment. Sets out: core values; definitions; standard of information provision; duties to information sources; duties to the public; duties to clients; and conflict of interest
  16. Beghtol, C.: ¬A proposed ethical warrant for global knowledge representation and organization systems (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    New technologies have made the increased globalization of information resources and services possible. In this situation, it is ethically and intellectually beneficial to protect cultural and information diversity. This paper analyzes the problems of creating ethically based globally accessible and culturally acceptable knowledge representation and organization systems, and foundation principles for the ethical treatment of different cultures are established on the basis of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The concept of "cultural hospitality", which can act as a theoretical framework for the ethical warrant of knowledge representation and organization systems, is described. This broad discussion is grounded with an extended example of one cultural universal, the concept of time and its expression in calendars. Methods of achieving cultural and user hospitality in information systems are discussed for their potential for creating ethically based systems. It is concluded that cultural hospitality is a promising concept for assessing the ethical foundations of new knowledge representation and organization systems and for planning revisions to existing systems.
  17. Bawden, D.; Robinson, L.: ¬"The dearest of our possessions" : applying Floridi's information privacy concept in models of information behavior and information literacy (2020) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This conceptual article argues for the value of an approach to privacy in the digital information environment informed by Luciano Floridi's philosophy of information and information ethics. This approach involves achieving informational privacy, through the features of anonymity and obscurity, through an optimal balance of ontological frictions. This approach may be used to modify models for information behavior and for information literacy, giving them a fuller and more effective coverage of privacy issues in the infosphere. For information behavior, the Information Seeking and Communication Model and the Information Grounds conception are most appropriate for this purpose. For information literacy, the metaliteracy model, using a modification a privacy literacy framework, is most suitable.
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 71(2020) no.9, S.1030-1043
  18. Fox, M.J.; Reece, A.: Which ethics? Whose morality? : an analysis of ethical standards for information organization (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Ethical standards are required at both the individual and system levels of the information organization enterprise, but are those standards the same? For example, are the ethical responsibilities of DDC's editorial board fundamentally the same as for an individual cataloger? And, what are the consequences of decisions made using different ethical frameworks to the users of knowledge organization systems? A selection of ethical theories suitable for evaluating moral dilemmas at all levels in information organization is presented, including utilitarianism, deontology, and pragmatism, as well as the more contemporary approaches of justice, feminist, and Derridean ethics. Finally, a selection of criteria is outlined, taken from the existing ethical frameworks, to use as a starting point for development of an ethical framework specifically for information organization.
  19. Miller, S.: Privacy, data bases and computers (1998) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 2.1999 15:57:43
  20. Hammwöhner, R.: Anmerkungen zur Grundlegung der Informationsethik (2006) 0.01 
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    Date
    13.10.2006 10:22:03

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