-
Eversberg, B.: ADV und Zetteldruck : ein Widerspruch? (1975)
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- Abstract
- A method is outlined which would permit a large number of libraries of all types to use centralised cataloguing facilities without the need for their own automatic data processing equipment and outlay. The method is seen as an alternative to the OCLC on-line data bank, and permits the ordering of printed catalogue cards by machine-readable but hand-prepared data cards, such as the loan cards which readers at the Münster library are at present required to complete. The proposed sequence of ordering is set out in 11 stages
- Source
- Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 22(1975) H.5, S.387-390
-
Jeng, L.H.: From cataloging to organization of information : a paradigm for the core curriculum (1993)
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- Abstract
- The traditional library and information science (LIS) curriculum for organization of information assumes a cataloging paradigm that is built on the concepts and theories developed throughout the history of library cataloging as well as practical knowledge and skills of applying current standards and systems developed specifically for practice in cataloging. Advocates for LIS curriculum reform point out, however, that this cataloging paradigm must be replaced by knowledge of resources and systems management in order to equip LIS graduates with the knowledge and skills needed for an information society. By comparing the traditional and nontraditional curricula in the area of organization of information, this paper proposes a paradigm for organization of information in which information is defined in the context of five attributes and cataloging is perceived as a mode of organizational behavior. Some implications of this paradigm on the core curriculum for organization of information are suggested
- Source
- Journal of education for library and information science. 34(1993) no.2, S.113-126
-
Miksa, F.: ¬The legacy of the library catalogue for the present (2012)
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- Abstract
- The specter of impending change in library catalogues is strong but not very clear. In an attempt to help the clarification process, the first part of the present report discusses historical themes from the modern library catalogue legacy that has developed since the mid-nineteenth century-the origins and subsequent dominance of the dictionary catalogue for more than a century, considerations of library catalogue users and use over the same period, developments apart from the library catalogue during the twentieth century that have affected it, and aspects of the idea of the objects of a catalogue. In a second part, the general environment for the most recent period of library catalogue development is described, after which aspects of the historical legacy are used as a basis for raising questions relevant to impending library catalogue change.
-
Smiraglia, R.P.: ¬The history of "The Work" in the modern catalog (2003)
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- Abstract
- From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.
- Imprint
- New York : Haworth Information Press
- Source
- Historical aspects of cataloging and classification. Ed.: M.D. Joachim
-
Smiraglia, R.P.: ¬The history of "The Work" in the modern catalog (2003)
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- Abstract
- From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Historical aspects of cataloging and classification; Part II
-
Miksa, S.D.: Cataloging principles and objectives : history and development (2021)
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- Abstract
- Cataloging principles and objectives guide the formation of cataloging rules governing the organization of information within the library catalog, as well as the function of the catalog itself. Changes in technologies wrought by the internet and the web have been the driving forces behind shifting cataloging practice and reconfigurations of cataloging rules. Modern cataloging principles and objectives started in 1841 with the creation of Panizzi's 91 Rules for the British Museum and gained momentum with Charles Cutter's Rules for Descriptive Cataloging (1904). The first Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) was adopted in 1961, holding their place through such codifications as AACR and AACR2 in the 1970s and 1980s. Revisions accelerated starting in 2003 with the three original FR models. The Library Reference Model (LRM) in 2017 acted as a catalyst for the evolution of principles and objectives culminating in the creation of Resource Description and Access (RDA) in 2013.
-
Pettee, J.: ¬The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog (1985)
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- Abstract
- Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
- Footnote
- Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Krajewski, M.: Paper machines : about cards & catalogs, 1548-1929 (2011)
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- Abstract
- "Krajewski draws on recent German media theory and on a rich array of European and American sources in this thought-provoking account of the index card as a tool of information management. In investigating the road from the slips of paper of the 16th century to the data processing of the 20th, Krajewski highlights its twists and turns--failures and unintended consequences, reinventions, and surprising transfers."--Ann M. Blair, Henry Charles Lea Professor of History, Harvard University, and author of Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age -- Ann Blair "This is a fascinating, original, continuously surprising, and meticulously researched study of the long history of the emergence of card systems for organizing not only libraries but business activities in Europe and the United States. It is particularly important for English language readers due to its European perspective and the extraordinary range of German and other resources on which it draws." --W. Boyd Rayward, Professor Emeritus, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign -- W. Boyd Rayward "Markus Krajewski has done the history of cataloguing and the history of information management a considerable service: I recommend it highly." -- Professor Tom Wilson, Editor-in-Chief, Information Research
- LCSH
- Information organization / History
- Series
- History and foundations of information science
- Subject
- Information organization / History
-
Degen, E.-M.: ¬Der Erlanger Katalogverbund : Geschichte und Nutzen (1996)
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- Abstract
- 1967 saw the publication of the printed Erlangen periodicals index. Between 1973-76 an alphabetical union catalogue for the university of Erlangen-Nürnberg was produced. From 1982 main entries went to the Bavarian library cooperative offline and computerization was introduced. In 1986 the periodicals index began using computerization; the union catalogue was filmed and appeared in microfiche in 1987. Now the Erlangen cooperative has 1.4 million entries, one third from institute libraries
-
Pettee, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information (1985)
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- Abstract
- Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.
- Footnote
- Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.73-76.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Hanson, E.R.; Daily, J.E.: Catalogs and cataloging : history (2009)
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- Abstract
- The catalog is the enduring means of access to information about the collection of a library. Without such information, use of a library would be limited to browsing the shelves in hopes of finding materials of interest. Hanson and Daily trace the development of catalogs from ancient times to the middle of the twentieth century. In parallel they also trace the history of cataloging rules and principles through the many codes of practice that have been developed over the years. The authors' speculation on what computerized catalogs might be like in the future, once developed, provides an interesting sidelight on the thinking of the era preceding the automation of catalogs.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Understanding FRBR : what it is and how it will affect our retrieval tools (2007)
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- Abstract
- An overview of the FRBR model, and how it can improve access to information through the helpful organization of metadata records. What is FRBR, and why is everyone talking about it? Is it really going to revolutionize cataloguing? And if so, what form will it take? This book is written for librarians, bibliographic systems designers, library and information science faculty and students, and anyone else who is interested in learning about the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and how following the FRBR model can improve access to information through helpful organization of the metadata records that are surrogates for information resources. Serials, art, music, moving images, maps, and archival materials are just a few of the formats covered. Not for catalogers only!
- Content
- 1. An Introduction to Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) - Arlene G. Taylor (1-20) 2. An Introduction to Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) - Glenn E. Patton (21-28) 3. Understanding the Relationship between FRBR and FRAD - Glenn E. Patton (29-34) 4. FRBR and the History of Cataloging - William Denton (35-58) 5. The Impact of Research on the Development of FRBR - Edward T. O'Neill (59-72) 6. Bibliographic Families and Superworks - Richard P. Smiraglia (73-86) 7. FRBR and RDA (Resource Description and Access) - Barbara B. Tillett (87-96) 8. FRBR and Archival Materials - Alexander C. Thurman (97-102) 9. FRBR and Works of Art, Architecture, and Material Culture - Murtha Baca and Sherman Clarke (103-110) 10. FRBR and Cartographic Materials - Mary Lynette Larsgaard (111-116) 11. FRBR and Moving Image Materials - Martha M. Yee (117-130) 12. FRBR and Music - Sherry L. Vellucci (131-152) 13. FRBR and Serials - Steven C. Shadle (153-174)
- Footnote
- Resonanz: "Arlene Taylor and her compadres don't even try to teach you how to construct a hierarchical record. Instead, they direct their efforts toward showcasing what's possible when digital technology and traditional cataloging practice meet. This is the future of cataloging." - Library Media Connection "The emergence of this textbook is testimony to the breadth and depth of work done to date. It documents much of that work, and provides a good basic introduction to FRBR that is broadly understandable... The relational concepts within FRBR are complicated and can be challenging. This book does a good job of illuminating them in a straightforward manner. It also describes how the application of the FRBR concepts could improve our systems of bibliographic access in very specific ways... For those of us that really want or need to be able to predict the impact that FRBR will have on our work, this is an accessible explanation of the current state of the art. As such it is a real contribution to our understanding." - TechKNOW "Understanding FRBR... features chapters contributed by leading authorities in the cataloging field... It offers a basic introduction to FRBR, discussions about FRBR, FRAD (functional requirements for authority data), and RDA (resource description and access), and the issues involved in using FRBR in nontraditional library settings such as with cartographic materials and music. Both books are well illustrated and include numerous bibliographical resources.' [Reviewed in conjuntion with FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed]." - Library Journal "Taylor and her contributors cover FRBR and introduce the reader to FRAD as well... All chapters conclude with current and useful references to further reading and more information." - Booklist "Understanding FRBR is clearly written, well illustrated (many of the concepts are clarified by very helpful diagrams), and well indexed; additionally, chapters feature extensive bibliographies, many of which provide URLs to the IFLA groups' documents. While it may seem that this book is of interest only to catalogers, the application of FRBR will change the structure of catalog and the systems used to store and display it; therefore, it is an important text for systems librarians, reference librarians, and anybody else interested in the future of the organization and display of bibliographic information." - College & Research Libraries "Understanding FRBR is a useful and timely book that brings together recent developments in FRBR and offers several assessments of it." - Technicalities "No cataloguer, bibliographic systems designer or library and information science lecturers and students should be without this book. It is a useful resource in acquiring an understanding of what FRBR is about and how it will change the way in which cataloguers will think about cataloguing in future." - The Electronic Library
- RSWK
- Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records / Aufsatzsammlung
- Subject
- Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records / Aufsatzsammlung
-
Walravens, H.: Serials cataloging in Germany : the historical development (2003)
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- Abstract
- This paper outlines the development of serials cataloguing in Germany, which started with entries usually in systematic catalogues. Cataloguing codes were developed first by individual major libraries; the establishment of a Prussian union catalogue called for generally recognized rules, but these focused mainly on sorting and filing. When, in the 1960s, the Prussian Instructions were given up in favor of RAK (Regeln für Alphabetische Katalogisierung), ISBD was adopted for the descriptive part. As to modern international cooperation, this paper explains that the main obstacles are not so much different cataloguing codes but the lack of consensus on the definition of a serial title. Recent revision efforts missed the opportunity of accepting an International Standard Serials Title.
- Imprint
- New York : Haworth Information Press
- Source
- Historical aspects of cataloging and classification. Ed.: M.D. Joachim
-
Thomas, S.E.: ¬The Program for Cooperative Cataloging : backstory and future potential (2020)
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- Abstract
- In 1988 the Library of Congress and eight library participants undertook a two-year pilot known as the National Coordinated Cataloging Program (NCCP) to increase the number of quality bibliographic records. Subsequently the Bibliographic Services Study Committee reviewed the pilot. Discussions held at the Library of Congress (LC) and in other fora resulted in the creation of the Cooperative Cataloging Council, and, ultimately, the establishment of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) in 1994. The conditions that contributed to a successful approach to shared cataloging are described. The article concludes with considerations for expanding the future effectiveness of the PCC.
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC): 25 Years Strong and Growing!'.
-
Gartner, R.: Metadata : shaping knowledge from antiquity to the semantic web (2016)
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- Abstract
- This book offers a comprehensive guide to the world of metadata, from its origins in the ancient cities of the Middle East, to the Semantic Web of today. The author takes us on a journey through the centuries-old history of metadata up to the modern world of crowdsourcing and Google, showing how metadata works and what it is made of. The author explores how it has been used ideologically and how it can never be objective. He argues how central it is to human cultures and the way they develop. Metadata: Shaping Knowledge from Antiquity to the Semantic Web is for all readers with an interest in how we humans organize our knowledge and why this is important. It is suitable for those new to the subject as well as those know its basics. It also makes an excellent introduction for students of information science and librarianship.
- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval
- Subject
- Information storage and retrieval
-
Gorman, M.: ¬The origins and making of the ISBD : a personal history, 1966-1978 (2014)
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- Abstract
- What follows are my memories of the events, starting almost five decades ago, that led to the International Standard for Bibliographic Description (ISBD)-still the most successful and widely used international cataloging standard in history. Many of the documents of the time were little more than ephemera (working papers and the like) and some are not now available to me. I have checked my recollections in all the documents to which I have access and apologize in advance for any errors of time or place. I also apologize for the, alas, unavoidable, given the nature of the essay, many repetitions of the words "I" and "me."
- Footnote
- Contribution in a special issue "ISBD: The Bibliographic Content Standard "
-
Spicher, K.M.: ¬The development of the MARC format (1996)
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- Abstract
- The use of computerized cataloguing data requires a commitment on the part of libraries to the standardization of data elements and record formats. Early computerized formats were initiated by several research libraries to serve the needs of particular university systems. In developing MARC, the LoC drew on the experiences of these libraries in establishing a standard acceptable to the research library community for the interchange of bibliographic data. Discusses early computerized formats influencing MARC, the origins of the MARC Pilot Project, and design factors influencing the evolution of the format through MARC2. Research was based on primary sources documenting the early history of MARC, including unpublished documents in the LoC archives
-
Russell, B.M.: Hidden wisdom and unseen treasure : revisiting cataloging in Medieval libraries (1998)
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- Abstract
- Scholars working in the field of mediaeval history and cultural history have recognized that understanding the cataloguing and accessioning of books is central to understanding the transmission of ideas. Unfortunately, general histories of libraries and even the library literature seem content to sketch out a chronological development of cataloguing in line with the 19th and 20th century view of library development, from a simple list to complex intellectual systems. In truth, however, those individuals responsible for cataloguing books in mediaeval libraries faced many of the same challenges as cataloguers today: how to organize information; how to serve local needs; and how to provide access to individual works within larger bibliographic formats. Summarizes recent scholarship in the history of the book that relates to library cataloguing, as well as providing parallels to the cooperative library environment of today
-
Lubetzky, S.: Development of cataloging rules (1953)
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- Abstract
- The growth of the rules which shape library catalogs and determine their character and usefulness is susceptible of much more extended treatment than is possible here. What is attempted in the following pages is to point out present trends and to indicate their significance. Evidently the year 1941 marked the beginning of a new phase in the evolution of cataloging rules. The publication then of the preliminary American second edition of the A.L.A. Catalog Rules appears as the culmination of a movement inspired exactly one hundred years earlier by the issue of Panizzi's rules. The latter followed a very long period in which rudimentary methods of cataloging slowly evolved and the need of rules to systematize the work gradually came to be recognized. As long as libraries were small and few books were published, the contents of a library could be recorded in any fashion that struck the fancy of the one in charge. Catalogs were made by librarians largely for their own use and had one simple function, that of an inventory or a collection of lists showing the holdings. The form and arrangement of the entries were arbitrary.
-
Dupuigrenet-Desroussilles, F.: ¬Les catalogues et le mythe de la bibliothèque universelle : du Moyen Age a nos jours (1997)
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- Abstract
- Catalogues date back to the libraries of Babylon and Alexandria, and in the Middle Ages groups of colleges and monasteries created joint catalogues. The dream of universal bibliographic control based on a centralised joint catalogue advanced when the US Library of Congress began selling bibliographic records in 1901. This led to MARC in 1969, and increasing emphasis on standardisation resulted in the first ISBN in 1974
- Content
- Presentation given at a French Association study day on 'The future of cataloging / Catalogues of the future', held in June 1996 at the BNF
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Catalogues and the myth of the universal library: from the Middle Ages to today
- Language
- f
