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  • × theme_ss:"Preserved Context Index System (PRECIS)"
  1. ¬The PRECIS system for computer-generated indexes and its use in the British National Bibliography (1972) 0.12 
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    Source
    Subject retrieval in the seventies: new directions. Proc. of an Int. Symp. ... College Park, May 14-15, 1971. Ed.: H.H. Wellisch et al
    Type
    a
  2. Austin, D.; Digger, J.A.: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System (1985) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Probably the most interesting, original and controversial indexing system of the 1970s has been PRECIS (the Preserved Context Index System) developed by Derek Austin. It attracted such attention that the short courses given at the British National Bibliography offices in London -initiated as a means of teaching the staff of BNB who did subject indexing-were repeated all over the world, in the form of three-day or three-week sessions. A few fortunate non-BNB indexers were taken into London classes, taught by Austin and Digger, and had the advantage of a week's work with the regular staff theresomething that could not be done elsewhere. In addition, descriptions of the system were published from time to time as progress was made an the system itself and clarification or updating were needed. This article has been selected as an example of clarification. A second edition of the original 1974 Manual describing PRECIS appeared in early 1984, so the system may now be regarded as fully mature. PRECIS, which is the culmination of Austin's research for the Classification Research Group plus considerable additional input from the science of linguistics, is a highly sophisticated indexing system, deliberately created to be used with a computer. The motive behind it was that the indexer should do the brain work and the computer the nitty-gritty work of manipulating index terms. Chosen combinations and permutations are used as head words under strict rules to ensure that the context which defines the specific meaning of these words is always present, thus avoiding the ambiguity problem in indexing. The system also has classifi ation features, in part drawn from the Group's long interest in faceted classification. The actual index produces a large number of index entries, each carrying with it the basic context of the item being described. A weIl-defined terminology, in addition to contextdependency, is a feature of PRECIS. Role operators define the types of terms used and control the manipulations of the terms, which are originally entered as a string. The indexer is able to analyze and reduce to string form any document, process, or material that can be described in words, making it ideal for most audiovisual material.
    The system itself has two major aspects: - a syntactic approach in which relationships between terms are identified and tagged. Suitable algorithms for manipulation produce a very thorough index in which each head word is kept in context. - a semantic approach in which terminology is weIl defined by ensuring that the relationships of equivalence, hierarchy, and association are clearly established. Charts of relationships are created by inductive means (i.e., from the ground up). A special code for computer manipulation is used with each line of the string. This translates the string format into one that, with specially derived algorithms, can be used by the computer, to produce the actual index headings with all parts rotated by following the algorithm. The PRECIS system has been translated and utilized for languages other than English, notably French, German, and Danish. Modifications needed for idiosyncracies of each language have been made. Some, such as those modifications needed for German, have turned out to have usefulness with English as weIl. All in all, the system has such advanced indexing concepts that it provides a kind of indexing not possible before the computer came into common usage. Austin, who joined the staff of the British National Bibliography in 1963, is currently a member of the British Library staff. His early work included a NATO-sponsored research assignment for the Classification Research Group (q.v.). This, in turn, led to the development of PRECIS.
    Source
    Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
    Type
    a
  3. Broxis, P.F.: Syntactic and semantic relationships : or: a review of PRECIS: a manual of concept analysis and subject indexing (1976) 0.00 
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  4. Austin, D.: ¬The development of PRECIS: a theoretical and technical history (1974) 0.00 
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  5. Bett, C.E.: ¬The Subject Access Project : a comparison with PRECIS (1979) 0.00 
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  6. Curwen, A.G.: ¬A decade of PRECIS, 1974-84 (1985) 0.00 
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  7. Sive, M.R.: PRECIS: a better way to index films (1979/80) 0.00 
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  8. Venkatachari, P.N.: Application of PRECIS to Indian languages : a case study (1982) 0.00 
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  9. Austin, D.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.1: PRECIS: an overview (1976) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The present paper is offered as the first of a series of articles in which PRECIS will be reviewed as a potential multi-lingual system, having in mind the obvious need, notably in a European context, for standard and language independent methods of subject analysis and document description. This first paper outlines the origins of PRECIS, and considers its use in English language indexing. A second paper will deal in general terms with the syntactical model which is used for producing PRECIS input strings and index entries. Later papers will then review the application of this model to indexing in, firstly, the Germanic languages (e.g. German and Danish), and, secondly, the Romance languages, illustrated by French.
    Type
    a
  10. Dykstra, M.: ¬The lion that squeaked (1978) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A plea to the Library of Congress to adopt the British PRECIS system, and to reconsider the decision to overhaul the LC Subject Headings
    Type
    a
  11. Austin, D.; Digger, J.A.: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System (1977) 0.00 
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  12. Supper, R.: PRECIS, ein computerunterstütztes alphabetisches Indexierungssystem (1975) 0.00 
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  13. Balnaves, J.: PRECIS in ANB (1973) 0.00 
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  14. Austin, D.: PRECIS: Basic principles, functions and use (1984) 0.00 
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  15. Lambert, G.: PRECIS in a multilingual context : Pt.4: The application of PRECIS in French. (1976) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This fourth paper in the series on PRECIS will consider the theoretical model of the indexing operation proposed in an earlier paper, and extend its application to one of the Romance languages, namely French. The present author has noted, throughout the publication of this series, how closely these logico-linguistic explanations could be applied to indexing in the French language. It is realised that experiments into PRECIS as a multilingual system are not complete, and that a new phase has undoubtedly started with the current British Library investigation of its translingual potential. Nevertheless, it would appear that the major problems still facing the researchers, such as the treatment of inflections, infixes, etc., are mostly related to the Germanic languages. As far as French is concerned, it is a relatively simple matter to give a positive answer to the question posed in the first paper: " . . . Do the codes and procedures developed so far (including the specified additions) amount to a general system which is capable of operating in any of the major European (and other) languages?"
    Type
    a
  16. Madelung, H.-O.: Subject searching in the social sciences : a comparison of PRECIS and KWIC indexes indexes to newspaper articles (1982) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    89 articles from a small, Danish left-wing newspaper were indexed by PRECIS and KWIC. The articles cover a wide range of social science subjects. Controlled test searches in both indexes were carried out by 20 students of library science. The results obtained from this small-scale retrieval test were evaluated by a chi-square test. The PRECIS index led to more correct answers and fewer wrong answers than the KWIC index, i.e. it had both better recall and greater precision. Furthermore, the students were more confident in their judgement of the relevance of retrieved articles in the PRECIS index than in the KWIC index; and they generally favoured the PRECIS index in the subjective judgement they were asked to make
    Type
    a
  17. Mahapatra, M.; Biswas, S.C.: PRECIS: its history and application : an extented state-of-the-art review from the beginning up to 1982 (1983) 0.00 
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  18. Dykstra, M.: Subject indexing and retrieval: what more can technology do? (1987) 0.00 
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  19. Dykstra, M.: PRECIS in the online catalog (1989) 0.00 
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  20. Beck, H.: PRECIS: eine computerunterstützte verbale Sacherschließungsmethode auf linguistischer Grundlage (1986) 0.00 
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Authors

Years

Languages

  • e 40
  • d 9
  • chi 1
  • p 1
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Types

  • a 46
  • m 3
  • s 2
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Themes

Subjects

Classifications