-
Buxton, A.B.: International gateways (1991)
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- Abstract
- Describes types of international gateways available for online searching. Public data networks are provided by national telecommunications authorities. Private data networks are run by an organization for its own use, or for customers of its services. Academic data networks are a special case of private networks which serve the the academic and research communications. Gives details of a number of academic networks: JANET, BITNET, NETNORTH, EARN, Internet. Describes the gateways between JANET and the UK public data network, EARN and Internet. Describes the international X.25 infrastructure (IXI) network which is organized by COSINE (Cooperation for OSI networking in Europe) programme which aims to provide OSI-based services for European researchers
- Source
- Standards for the international exchange of bibliographic information: papers presented at a course held at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, 3-18 August 1990. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
-
Renouard, H. von: Fachwörterbuch Elektronische Medien und Dienste : Dictionary of electronic media and services (1997)
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- Abstract
- This topical dictionary covers all aspects of telecommunication and multimedia applications, including personal computing and Windows terms. A total of 25.000 headwords and 11 tables cover ISDN, radio telephony, net and Internet technology, and net management concepts and standards. Numerous abbreviations are also listed with explanatory comments and cross-references to norms and standards, and tables of all CCITT norms are given in an appendix. More than just a dictionary, this book will be an indispensible reference for all who work in telecommunications and information technology
-
Maier-Rabler, U.: Austrian information highway initiatives in the stage of disillusionment (1996)
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- Abstract
- Discusses Austrian government policy on the information superhighway (ISH) since Aug. 94. The Austrian telecommunications infrastructure is far behind the standards of Europe. The Austrain PTT monopoly over the public telecommunications network is an obstacle to development. The rates for data services are still based on copper cable with transmission speeds of 9600 Kbps. Although there are various ISH initiatives in Austria, the gap between vision and reality is large. Describes the initiatives of the Austrian National Host and the Bureau for International Research and Technology Cooperation; the Austrian Platform for Telematic Applications; BNet (Burgenland); Telematik Initiative Wien; TELKIS Telekommunikationsinitiative Steiermark; Datahighway Upper Austria; Vorarlberger Telekommunikations GmbH; Telematik Initiative; Datenbahn Telecom GmbH (Salzburg); Ti-KOM (Tirol) and other initiatives
-
Lynch, C.A.: ¬The Z39.50 information retrieval standard : part I: a strategic view of its past, present and future (1997)
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- Abstract
- The Z39.50 standard for information retrieval is important from a number of perspectives. While still not widely known within the computer networking community, it is a mature standard that represents the culmination of two decades of thinking and debate about how information retrieval functions can be modeled, standardized, and implemented in a distributed systems environment. And - importantly -- it has been tested through substantial deployment experience. Z39.50 is one of the few examples we have to date of a protocol that actually goes beyond codifying mechanism and moves into the area of standardizing shared semantic knowledge. The extent to which this should be a goal of the protocol has been an ongoing source of controversy and tension within the developer community, and differing views on this issue can be seen both in the standard itself and the way that it is used in practice. Given the growing emphasis on issues such as "semantic interoperability" as part of the research agenda for digital libraries (see Clifford A. Lynch and Hector Garcia-Molina. Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda, Report on the May 18-19, 1995 IITA Libraries Workshop, <http://www- diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>), the insights gained by the Z39.50 community into the complex interactions among various definitions of semantics and interoperability are particularly relevant. The development process for the Z39.50 standard is also of interest in its own right. Its history, dating back to the 1970s, spans a period that saw the eclipse of formal standards-making agencies by groups such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and informal standards development consortia. Moreover, in order to achieve meaningful implementation, Z39.50 had to move beyond its origins in the OSI debacle of the 1980s. Z39.50 has also been, to some extent, a victim of its own success -- or at least promise. Recent versions of the standard are highly extensible, and the consensus process of standards development has made it hospitable to an ever-growing set of new communities and requirements. As this process of extension has proceeded, it has become ever less clear what the appropriate scope and boundaries of the protocol should be, and what expectations one should have of practical interoperability among implementations of the standard. Z39.50 thus offers an excellent case study of the problems involved in managing the evolution of a standard over time. It may well offer useful lessons for the future of other standards such as HTTP and HTML, which seem to be facing some of the same issues.
This paper, which will appear in two parts, starting with this issue of D-Lib, looks at several strategic issues surrounding Z39.50. After a relatively brief overview of the function and history of the protocol, I will examine some of the competing visions of the protocol's role, with emphasis on issues of interoperability and the incorporation of semantics. The second installment of the paper will look at questions related to the management of the standard and the standards development process, with emphasis on the scope of the protocol and how that relates back again to interoperability questions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the adoption and deployment of the standard, its relationship to other standards, and some speculations on future directions for the protocol. This paper is not intended to be a tutorial on the details of how current or past versions of Z39.50 work. These technical details are covered not only in the standard itself (which can admittedly be rather difficult reading) but also in an array of tutorial and review papers (see <http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency> for bibliographies and pointers to on-line information on Z39.50). Instead, the paper's focus is on how and why Z39.50 developed the way it did, and the conceptual debates that have influenced its evolution and use. While a detailed technical knowledge of the operation of Z39.50 is certainly helpful, it should not be necessary in order to follow most of the material here. Some disclaimers are in order. I have been actively involved in the development of Z39.50 since the early 1980s and have been a participant -- and on occasion, even an instigator -- of some of the activities described here. This paper is an attempt to make a critical assessment of the current state of Z39.50 and a review of its development with the full benefit of hindsight. It recounts a number of debates that occurred within the developer community over the past years. In many of these, I advocated specific positions or approaches, sometimes successfully and sometimes unsuccessfully. What is presented here is one person's perspective - mine --, which is sometimes at odds with the current consensus with the developer community; I've tried to represent opposing views fairly, and to differentiate my opinions from fact or consensus. However, others will undoubtedly disagree with many of the comments here.
-
¬The new international telecommunications environment : competition, regulation, trade and standards (1996)
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- Abstract
- A special issue devoted to the international telecommunications environment and the new institutional arrangements for the regulation of international telecommunications as well as in standards setting procedures
-
Blackmann, C.; Cave, M.; David, P.A.: competition, regulation, trade and standards : ¬The new international telecommunications environment (1996)
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-
Moen, W.: Information retrieval protocols : Z39.50 and Search & Retrieve via URL (2009)
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval (IR) protocols support effective and interoperable intersystem search and retrieval. Although intersystem search methods have been envisioned and under development since the 1970s, it was the Z39.50 IR protocol, first released in 1988, that demonstrated real-world possibilities for such search and retrieval. As the networked information environment changed with the emergence of the World Wide Web, the need for standard IR protocols did not disappear, and one can argue the need is even more compelling given both the visible and invisible Web. A new protocol, based on the experience from Z39.50 but simpler and more comprehensible than Z39.50, is now being used for Web search and retrieval. Search and retrieve via URL (SRU) uses Web technologies and standards resulting in a Web friendly protocol that provides standard search access to existing Z39.50 resources and a wide-range of new non-catalog digital resources. This entry provides both an overview of the two protocols and technical details to understand both. A brief discussion of IR and communications protocols provides background to the specifics of these two IR protocols. Although communication protocols are by their nature technical specifications, this entry focuses on an overview of the functions and capabilities of the protocols. It uses technical concepts and terminology from the protocols to help explain how the protocols work but limits discussion of technical details.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
SRW/U erleichtert verteilte Datenbankrecherchen (2005)
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- Content
- "Seit zwei Jahrzehnten nutzen vor allem Bibliotheksverbünde das Protokoll Z39.50, um ihren Benutzern im Internet die simultane Abfrage mehrerer Datenbanken zu ermöglichen. Jetzt gibt es einen Nachfolger dieses Protokolls, der eine einfachere Implementierung verspricht. Damit ist auch eine größere Verbreitung für die Suche in verteilten Datenbeständen anderer Institutionen, wie z.B. Archiven und Museen, wahrscheinlich. SRW/U (Search and Retrieve Web Service bzw. Search and Retrieve URL Service, www.loc.90v/z3950/agency/zing/srw) wurde von einer an der Library of Congress angesiedelten Initiative entwickelt und beruht auf etablierten Standards wie URI und XML. Die mit SRW und SRU möglichen Abfragen und Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich nur in der Art der Übertragung, verwenden aber beide dieselben Prozeduren. Davon gibt es nur drei: explain, scan und searchRetrieve. Die beiden Erstgenannten dienen dazu, allgemeine Informationen über den Datenanbieter bzw. die verfügbaren Indexe zubekommen. Das Herzstück ist die search-Retrieve-Anweisung. Damit werden Anfragen direkt an die Datenbank gesendet und die Parameter des Suchergebnisses definiert. Verwendet wird dafür die Retrievalsprache CQL (Common Query Language), die simple Freitextsuchen, aber auch mit Boolschen Operatoren verknüpfte Recherchen ermöglicht. Bei SRU werden die Suchbefehle mittels einfacher HTTP GET -Anfragen übermittelt, die Ergebnisse in XML zurückgeliefert. Zur Strukturierung der Daten dienen z.B. Dublin Core, MARC oder EAD. Welches Format von der jeweiligen Datenbank bereitgestellt wird, kann durch die explain-Anweisung ermittelt gebracht werden."
- Source
- Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 56(2005) H.5/6, S.274
-
Rötger, A.: ¬Die Schrittmacher : Standards (2001)
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-
Höller, H.: Kommunikationssysteme : Normung und soziale Akzeptanz (1993)
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- LCSH
- Telecommunication / Standards
- Subject
- Telecommunication / Standards
-
Sloan, B.G.: Remote access : design implications for the online catalog (1991)
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- Date
- 8. 1.2007 17:22:42
- Footnote
- Simultaneously published as Enhancing Access to Information: Designing Catalogs for the 21st Century
-
Lazinger, S.S.; Peritz, B.C.: Reader use of a nationwide research library network : local OPAC vs. remote files (1991)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 13:06:18
- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 10(1991), S.192-200
-
Petry, W.; Werner, H.-J.: Anwendertraum: Kommunikations- und Retrieval-Software im Vergleich (1993)
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- Source
- Cogito. 9(1993) H.2, S.18-22
-
Petry, W.: Datenreisen billiger : wie man Telekommunikationskosten sparen kann (1994)
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- Source
- Cogito. 10(1994) H.4, S.17-22
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Matthews, J.R.; Parker, M.R.: Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks for libraries (1995)
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- Date
- 30.11.1995 20:53:22
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Scheuerer, J.: Onlinebanking (1997)
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- Source
- Com!. 1997, H.8, S.22-24
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Berezak-Lazarus, N.: ADSL - Auf der Überholspur durch die Multimedia-Welt (1999)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Internet Professionell 2000, H.2, S.22
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Cerf, V.G.: Netztechnik (1995)
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- S.22-31
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Duhm, U.: Ring frei zur nächsten Runde (1999)
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- Date
- 19. 2.1999 20:21:22
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Stovel, L.; Fuchs, R.; Chang, J.-W.: RLG's Z39.50 server : development and implementation issues (1993)
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- Source
- Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.227-230
