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Abstract

From classification to knowledge organization through subject indexing the field has been so rapidly growing that it is difficult to demarcate its boundaries. Knowledge organization is viewed in the sense of conglomeration of activities to sort and order knowledge, to acquire, ufilize, evaluate, represent and communicate knowledge for problem solving. It has been no simple matter to decide what should be included in and excluded from such a dictionary. Broadly speaking the terms an the following topics are included in the work : Knowledge, Epistemology, Concepts, Terminology and Vocabulary control ; Classification systems, their design, theory and practice of classification, Subject analysis; fundamental categories and facets, Content and Text analysis, Use of classification in online systems and an the web. Subject cataloguing : subject headings, Thesauri and alphabetical indexing languages : Keyword, chain and string indexes, Knowledge representation, Classification for access and retrieval, Cognitive aspects of information- seeking behaviour, Automatic classification, Descriptive cataloguing : Theory, kinds, levels, standards and codes, OPACs, all are covered in this work. Like any other such work of this sort, it is an electic compilation. The work proposes to be descriptive rather than prescriptive. Endeavour is to find brief simple, logical and consensual meaning of terms, and append brief description of a concept or an issue with explanation, examples and comments in a bottom up way. Some current topics denoted by phrases have also been included. At times it may give the look of a concise encyclopaedic dictionary. Terms fully describe concepts and methods, and may evoke some thoughts an current and classic issues in the field.

Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 31(2004) no.3, S.196-198 (M. Hudon)

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Abstract

This is an online, open access encyclopedia of knowledge organization hosted by ISKO and produced by ISKO Scientific Advisory Council. It will contain entries about concepts, disciplines, organizations, systems, standards, and theories etc. including important domain specific systems. The encyclopedia is peer reviewed, all articles are signed by author(s), dated and versioned (new versions may be distinguished as, for example, Version 1.1 for minor changes of version 1 and Version 2 for major changes). We will try to get articles by the best experts in the subject of each article and to maintain a high scholarly standard. The first accepted version of each article will also be published in a new section of Knowledge Organization: Reviews of concepts in knowledge organization.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 35(2008) no.1, S.55-58 (M.P. Satija): "The Sears List, first published in 1923, has survived times of destabilizing changes while keeping reasonable continuity with the past. Dr. Joseph Miller, at the helm since 1992 and the longest-serving editor in the eighty-four years of the List's existence, first edited the 15th edition of the Sears (1994). Over the years, the Sears has achieved more than it had hoped for: ever-increasing use the world over. In fact, the turbulent progress of media and information theories has forced the Sears to keep up with the changing times. Knowledge organization is a shifting sand in the electronic era. Vast and varied changes generate not only new information, but also new terms and phrases. It is trite to say that the electronic media have transformed the way in which we access information and knowledge. The new edition of the Sears has absorbed these changes to reflect the times. The 19th edition, released in May 2007, has about 440 new headings, to bring the new total to over 8000 headings, which keeps the growth rate at five percent. Newly-added headings generally fall into one of two categories: a) headings for the new and current subjects and b) headings previously missed. A few more have been modified. New editions are produced regularly to: - incorporate terms for new subjects, - restructure the form of old headings to suit the changing information needs and informationseeking behaviour of the users, - add new terms to old subject headings to reflect current usage, - delete the obsolete subjects, - forge new relations between subjects and their terms. Two major areas of new additions are in the fields of Islam, as might be expected, and the graphic novel- the latter has thirty headings perhaps drawn from the WilsonWeb Database on Graphic Novels Core Collection. ... The lapses are minor and could be forgiven; they in no way detract from this continuously-expanding and well-established tool for subject-cataloguing in small and medium libraries. The handy List and its lucid introduction make Sears an excellent and convenient tool for teaching subject headings' use and principles, as well as methods of vocabulary control. With its glossy and flowery cover, clear typeface and high production standards, the new edition is particularly welcome."

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BK

06.00 Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Footnote

Rez. in: Audiovisual librarian 22(1996) no.2, S.130-131 ( R. Williams)

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Content

Rez. in: IfB 4(1996) H.2/3, S.269-270 (K. Schreiber); Knowledge organization 25(1998) nos.1/2, S.49-50 (M.P. Satija)

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Date

21.12.2018 18:22:12

Footnote

Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 38(2011) no.4, S.360-361 (M.P. Satija): "The 20th edition of the celebrated Sears List (1sted.1923) published in June 2010 sets a new cycle of three year revision. Earlier it was three and a half years to synchronize with the publication of the new edition of the Abridged Dewey revised after every seven years. In the days of constantly updated WebDewey, it is no more a constraint. For the first time Sears List has been released simultaneously in online database format accessible to licensed subscribers. Responding to the environmental changes the basic edition is the online one whose content is designed in MARC authority. Print edition is now a derivative of the MARC data. The editors keep tabs on the changing information seeking behavior of users and how OPACs are accessed; yet the editors or the publishers never discuss the mechanisms of designing a new edition. The new edition features more than 300 new subject headings suggested by librarians from different types of libraries, vendors of bibliographic records, indexers and subject specialists at the H.W. Wilson Company. Every new edition incorporates advances in vocabulary control, changing approaches of library users for subject access and even in the worldwide use of the English language. Each edition of the Sears List strengthens and continues the policies and consolidates the reforms that began with the 15th edition (1994). It is indeed an era of innovations in Sears. The latest knowledge from information science and information seeking behavior has been deployed to modernize the internal structure and grammar of the Sears List. Continuing adaptation constitutes the key to its success and popularity in the shifting sands of the information-seeking behavior of users. But the List is still a living manifestation of the principles of subject cataloguing put forth by C.A. Cutter (1837-1903).
. . . To summarize, as usual the List continues to provide complete guidance for the subject cataloguers for the maintenance of catalogues, for addition of new headings, and revision of the old ones. Its Introduction is clear and well illustrated, so much so that not only it is an illustrated operational manual to the Sears but also a concise textbook to teach principles and theory of the subject headings. Due to its affordable price and portability it is used to teach basics of subject headings in first year of Knowledge Organization courses. It also acts as an excellent and easy index to the DDC (Weihs 2004). The new edition should be welcome both for subject cataloguers and for teachers of subject cataloguing work."

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Footnote

Rez. in: ZfBB 52(2005) H.5, S.287-288 (D. Geiß): "Die Nutzung von Normen und technischen Regelwerken gehört in technologieorientierten Produktionsbetrieben und Handelsunternehmen zur täglichen Routine. Für viele dieser Unternehmen sind nicht nur die deutschsprachigen Regeln, sondern auch die internationalen Standards der ISO und der Europäischen Union, die nationalen technischen Regeln unserer Nachbarländer wie auch die vielseitigen fachspezifischen Regelwerke der Standardisierungsinstitute der USA unverzichtbar. Das Deutsche Institut für Normung bemüht sich auf breiter Ebene mit Hilfe und Unterstützung von 33 Ausschüssen und der Mitwirkung in internationalen Gremien das Normenwerk dem Stand der Technik anzupassen, es mit Hilfe entsprechender elektronischer Tools für ihre Kunden transparent zu machen und optimal zu erschließen. Die vorliegende DIN-Terminologiedatenbank ist ein solches Werkzeug, das die digitalen Auskunftsdienste des Deutschen Instituts für Normung erweitert und neben der Erschließung von technischen Begriffen auch eine Art bibliografisches Nachschlagewerk darstellt. Im Angebot sind 210.000 Begriffe in deutscher, englischer und zum Teil auch französischer Sprache aus DIN-Normen, DIN-Entwürfen, europäischen und international geltenden Normen sowie Begriffen aus dem IEV-Terminologiekonvolut (International Electrical Vocabulary) des IEC (International Electrical Committee). In praktischer und handlicher Form auf CD-ROM, installierbar auf jedem Laptop oder PC mit einer benutzerfreundlichen Oberfläche und einer sehr überschaubaren Kurzbedienungsanleitung sowie einem ausführlichen Handbuch im PDF-Format, bereit für eine vielseitige Nutzung im Büro,für unterwegs oder auch für die Arbeit zu Hause bietet diese CD einen echten Mehrwert. ..."

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Date

7.11.1999 18:22:39

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Date

7.11.1999 18:22:54

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22. 1.2000 19:32:34

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COMPASS

Information services

Footnote

Rez. in: Managing information. 4(1997) nos.1/2, S.40 (P. Gaw)

LCSH

Information services / Great Britain / Directories

Subject

Information services / Great Britain / Directories
Information services

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of government information 25(1998) no.1, S.82-83 (J.C. Shields)

Imprint

Washington, DC : Information Industry Association

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Date

10. 1.1999 14:22:35

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22. 6.2000 20:28:19

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22. 1.2000 19:34:19

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Abstract

Often invisible to the broader society, the information disciplines determine much of what is available to these societies from their entire heritage of knowledge, culture, and entertainment. Containing the contributions of major researchers and practitioners, this third edition of the "Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences" reflects the growing convergence among the several disciplines that concern themselves with information and the cultural record. This work addresses these related disciplines in a way that demonstrates the unities across the fields and also recognizes their uniquely distinguishing characteristics. It covers a broad spectrum of related information disciplines, including: archival science; bibliography; document and genre theory; informatics; information systems; knowledge management; library and information science; museum studies; records management; and, social studies of information.

BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

LCSH

Information science / Encyclopedias

RSWK

Information und Dokumentation / Bibliothek / Wörterbuch

Subject

Information und Dokumentation / Bibliothek / Wörterbuch
Information science / Encyclopedias