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Classification

658.4/038 22

Date

22. 3.2009 18:43:51

DDC

658.4/038 22

Editor

Srikantaiah, T.K. u. M.D. Koenig

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 60(2006) no.3, S.642 (A.E. Prentice): "What is knowledge management (KM)? How do we define it? How do we use it and what are the benefits? KM is still an operational discipline that has yet to have an academic foundation. Its core has yet to solidify and concepts and practices remain fluid, making it difficult to discuss or even to identify the range of relevant elements. Being aware of this lack of a well-structured retrievable disciplinary literature, the editors made a practice of attending trade shows and conferences attended by KM professionals to look for presentations that would in some way expand knowledge of the field. They asked presenters to turn their paper into a book chapter, which is the major source of the material in this book. Although this is a somewhat chancy method of identifying authors and topics, several of the papers are excellent and a number add to an understanding of KM. Because of the fluidity of the area of study, the editors devised a three-dimensional topic expansion approach to the content so that the reader can follow themes in the papers that would not have been easy to do if one relied solely on the table of contents. The table of contents organizes the presentations into eight subject sections, each section with a foreword that introduces the topic and indicates briefly the contribution of each chapter to the overall section title. Following this, the Roadmap lists 18 topics or themes that appear in the book and relevant chapters where information on the theme can be found. Readers have the choice of following themes using the roadmap or of reading the book section by section. ..."

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Abstract

This book explores the software design, social practices, and collaboration theory that would be needed to support group cognition - collective knowledge that is constructed by small groups online. Innovative uses of global and local networks of linked computers make new ways of collaborative working, learning, and acting possible. In "Group Cognition", Gerry Stahl explores the technological and social reconfigurations that are needed to achieve computer-supported collaborative knowledge building - group cognition that transcends the limits of individual cognition. Computers can provide active media for social group cognition where ideas grow through the interactions within groups of people; software functionality can manage group discourse that results in shared understandings, new meanings, and collaborative learning. Stahl offers software design prototypes, analyses empirical instances of collaboration, and elaborates a theory of collaboration that takes the group, rather than the individual, as the unit of analysis. Stahl's design studies concentrate on mechanisms to support group formation, multiple interpretive perspectives, and the negotiation of group knowledge in applications as varied as collaborative curriculum development by teachers, writing summaries by students, and designing space voyages by NASA engineers. His empirical analysis shows how, in small-group collaborations, the group constructs intersubjective knowledge that emerges from and appears in the discourse itself. This discovery of group meaning becomes the springboard for Stahl's outline of a social theory of collaborative knowing. Stahl also discusses such related issues as the distinction between meaning making at the group level and interpretation at the individual level, appropriate research methodology, philosophical directions for group cognition theory, and suggestions for further empirical work.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 59(2008) no.9, S.1531. (C. Caldeira): "Successful, real-world organizations employ groups to get work done. Despite the large number of years of collaborative models in work-group paradigm, it is a little surprising that there are very few books about the subject. Furthermore, most of those studies are mainly focused on work group performance management and work productivity. This text belongs to the advanced type, and is a valuable resource for graduate students in a wide range of courses and for a large spectrum of professionals interested in collaborative work. Due to its advanced level, some topics are relatively difficult to understand if the reader does not have some background in collaborative work and group cognition. Students who use this book will rapidly understand the most important topics of the science of collaboration for computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning, and their relation to the business world of our days. The main concern and fundamental idea of this book is to set its focus primarily on work group, and not on individuals. Stahl's baseline is to use the science of collaboration for computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning to conduct comparative studies on group interaction, group meaning, group cognition, group discourse, and thinking. The book is divided into three distinct parts. The first one is about the design of computer support for collaborative work and presents eight studies centered on software tools and their particular applications: The first three are AI applications for collaborative computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning, the fourth and the fifth are about collaborative media, and the last ones are a combination of computational technology and collaborative functions. The second part is focused on the analysis on knowledge building in the collaborative work of small groups. It is developed with support on five essays published by Stahl from 2000 to 2004. In the first of those chapters, he describes a model of collaborative knowledge building and how to share knowledge production. The second criticizes some cooperative work and collaborative learning research methodologies that make the collaborative phenomena hard to perceive. The remaining chapters mostly provide mechanisms to understand in new and better ways collaborative processes. The third part contains the theoretical corpus of the book. Chapters 14 through 21 contain the most recent of Stahl's contributions to the theoretical foundations of computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning. Chapters 16 to 18 provide much material about topics directly related to group cognition research and collaborative work in modern organizations. Finally, the last part of the book contains an exhaustive list of references that will be of great value to all interested in the multiple aspects and fields of cooperative work and collaborative learning."

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Editor

Schnauffer, H.-G. u.a.

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Issue

4., überarb. u. erw.. Aufl.

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Editor

Hompel, M ten u. H.J. Bullinger

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Editor

Stahl, F. u. W. Maass

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Abstract

A fascinating, research-based look at the impact of social media on businesses and consumers around the world, and what's in store for the future Social Media. You've heard the term, even if you don't use the tools. But just how big has social media become? Social media has officially surpassed pornography as the top activity on the Internet. People would rather give up their e-mail than their social network. It is so powerful that it is causing a macro shift in the way we live and conduct business. Brands can now be strengthened or destroyed by the use of social media. Online networking sites are being used as giant, free focus groups. Advertising is less effective at influencing consumers than the opinions of their peers. If you aren't using social media in your business strategy, you are already behind your competition. * Explores how the concept of "Socialnomics" is changing the way businesses produce, market, and sell, eliminating inefficient marketing and middlemen, and making products easier and cheaper for consumers to obtain * Learn how successful businesses are connecting with consumers like never before via Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and other social media sites * A must-read for anyone wanting to learn about, and harness the power of social media, rather than be squashed by it * Author Erik Qualman is a former online marketer for several Top 100 brands and the current Global Vice President of Online Marketing for the world's largest private education firm Socialnomics is essential book for anyone who wants to understand the implications of social media, and how businesses can tap the power of social media to increase their sales, cut their marketing costs, and reach consumers directly.

Content

Introduction: It's a people-driven economy, stupid -- Word of mouth goes world of mouth -- Social media = preventative behavior -- Social media = braggadocian behavior -- Obama's success driven by social media -- I care more about what my neighbor thinks than what Google thinks -- Death of social schizophrenia -- Winners and losers in a 140-character world -- Next step for companies and the "glass house generation" -- Socialnomics summary.

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Footnote

Stattdessen präferiert er in erster Näherung A. Endres' Definition, die auch von vielen Wirtschaftsinformatikern - und auch von BID-Fachleuten - akzeptiert wird: "Information, so Spitta, sind interpretierbare, d.h. mit Bedeutung verknüpfte, meist neue Nachrichten, die von einem Empfänger für das Verfolgen seiner Ziele als nützlich gewertet werden." (S. 44, Hervor. i. Org.). Damit kann sich Spitta jedoch noch nicht begnügen, da er Bezug zur Informatik, insbesondere jedoch zur Wirtschaftsinformatik oder Informationswirtschaft herstellen muss. A. Endres definiert Information als ein Tripel I = (A*, S, K), "wobei A* (...) eine Menge von Wörtern (...) über einem Alphabet A, S eine Menge von Symbolen und K einen Kontext bedeutet" (S. 45) "Information", so Spitta, wäre dann "eine Nachricht über einem definierten Alphabet und anderen Symbolen, die für den Empfänger neu und relevant ist und deren Kontext er kennt." (S. 45) In der betrieblichen Praxis sind jedoch mehrere Akteure involviert, sodass es sinnvoll ist "Datenspeicher als Puffer für Nachrichten" (S. 46) einzuführen. Nun fehlt noch eine Definition von Wissen, um betriebliche Prozesse computergestützt abzubilden. "Wissen ist wegen seiner impliziten Bestandteile ebenso individualisiert wie Information. Explizites Wissen basiert auf Daten. Implizites Wissen kann explizit gemacht werden, wenn wir über einen allgemein verstehbaren Formalismus zur Beschreibung verfügen. Der Unterschied zur Information ist die Handlungskompetenz und die mehrfache Verwendbarkeit der zur Grunde liegenden Daten, die im Allgemeinen nur einmal (individuelle) Information sein können." (S. 50, Hervor. i. Orig.) Im Kapitel 5 stehen die "Inhalte betrieblicher Daten" im Mittelpunkt, wo es unter anderem um Grunddaten (wie Sachanlagen), Vorgangsdaten (wie aufzeichnungspflichtige Vorgänge) oder abgeleitete Daten (wie Führungsinformation) geht. Das 6. Kapitel "Die Struktur betrieblicher Daten" geht auf verschiedene Datenmodelle, wie das Relationsmodell, das grafische Objektmodell oder das Vorgehensmodell zur Datenmodellierung ein. Im 7. Kapitel geht es um "Anwendungssysteme", d.h. um betriebliche Informationssysteme und deren Strukturierungsmöglichkeiten.

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Abstract

In this volume organizational learning theory is used to analyse various practices of managing and facilitating knowledge sharing within companies. Experiences with three types of knowledge sharing, namely knowledge acquisition, knowledge reuse, and knowledge creation, at ten large companies are discussed and analyzed. This critical analysis leads to the identification of traps and obstacles when managing knowledge sharing, when supporting knowledge sharing with IT tools, and when organizations try to learn from knowledge sharing practices. The identification of these risks is followed by a discussion of how organizations can avoid them. This work will be of interest to researchers and practitioners working in organization science and business administration. Also, consultants and organizations at large will find the book useful as it will provide them with insights into how other organizations manage and facilitate knowledge sharing and how potential failures can be prevented.