Search (176 results, page 1 of 9)

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Abstract

Die Medienplattform bietet neuartige Möglichkeiten, um Medienbestände zu entdecken. In zwei verschiedenen Anwendungsszenarien unterstützt sie unterschiedliche Suchparadigmen: Für browsingbasierte Anwendungen wird das Digitale Schlendern vorgestellt, eine Methode in der semantische Zusammenhänge von Medien als Explorationsanreiz genutzt werden. Für Anwendungen bei denen der Nutzer weiß, was er sucht, aber nicht wie das gesuchte Medium heißt, wird eine suchkontextsensitive semantische Facettierung vorgestellt.

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 66(2015) H.4, S.201-206

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Abstract

Europeana ist eine Initiative der Europäischen Kommission, die 2005 den Aufbau einer "Europäischen digitalen Bibliothek" als Teil ihrer i2010 Agenda ankündigte. Europeana soll ein gemeinsamer multilingualer Zugangspunkt zu Europas digitalem Kulturerbe und gleichzeitig mehr als "nur" eine digitale Bibliothek werden: eine offene Schnittstelle (API) für Wissenschaftsanwendungen, die ein Netzwerk von Objektsurrogaren darstellt, die semantikbasiertes Objektretrieval und - verwendung ermöglichen. Einerseits ist die semantische Kontextualisierung der digitalen Objekte eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für effektives Information Retrieval, da aufgrund der Beschaffenheit der Öbjekte (bildlich, multimedial) deskriptive Metadaten meist nicht ausreichen, auf der anderen Seite bildet sie die Grundlage für neues Wissen. Kern geisteswissenschaftlicher Arbeit ist immer schon die Reaggregation und Interpretation kultureller Artefakte gewesen und Europeana ermöglicht nun mit (teil-)automatisierbaren, semantikbasierten Öperationen über große kulturelle Quellcorpora völlig neue Perspektiven für die digital humanities. Folglich hat Europeans das Potenzial eine Schlüsselressource der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften und damit Teil deren zukünftiger digitaler Arbeitsumgebungen zu werden.

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Content

"Das rasant wachsende Wissen muss gut verwaltet werden, um es zu nutzen. Dies erfordert intelligente Wissensmanagementsysteme, wie sie Andreas Rauber von der Technischen Uni Wien über digitale Bibliotheken konzipiert hat. Seine "Wissenslandkarte" erlaubt es, große Datenmengen übersichtlich darzustellen, Wissen rasch auffindbar und damit optimal einsetzbar zu machen. Dafür erhielt er nun den Cor Baayen Award 2002 für aussichtsreiche Nachwuchsforscher im Bereich der Informationstechnologie vom European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics. Rauber entwickelte eine Bibliothek, die auf einer sich selbst organisierenden Landkarte basiert: Einer geographischen Landkarte gleich, ist themenverwandtes Wissen in Form eines Clusters abgebildet, quasi als städtischer Ballungsraum. Damit verbundene Inhalte sind räumlich gesehen in kurzer Distanz dazu abgebildet, vergleichbar den Randgebieten des Ballungsraumes. So ist auf einen Blick ersichtlich, wo bestimmte Themenkomplexe und damit verbundene Inhalte in der Bibliothek abgelegt sind. Die Wissenslandkarte bedient sich der Forschungen zu neuronalen Netzen. Durch ein Verfahren erlernt die "Self-Organizing-Map" (SOM) die Inhalte der einzelnen Dokumente und schafft es, mit zunehmender Datenmenge selbst eine Struktur des vorhandenen Wissens zu erstellen. Dieses Verfahren ist sprachunabhängig und daher weltweit einsetzbar."

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Abstract

Relationships can provide a rich and powerful set of information and can be used to accomplish application goals, such as information retrieval and natural language processing. A growing trend in the information science community is the use of information visualization-taking advantage of people's natural visual capabilities to perceive and understand complex information. This chapter explores how visualization and visual exploration can help users gain insight from known relationships and discover evidence of new relationships not previously anticipated.

Series

Information science and knowledge management; vol.3

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Source

Information processing and management. 35(1999) no.6, S.751-763

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Abstract

Humans can make hasty, but generally robust judgements about what a text fragment is, or is not, about. Such judgements are termed information inference. This article furnishes an account of information inference from a psychologistic stance. By drawing an theories from nonclassical logic and applied cognition, an information inference mechanism is proposed that makes inferences via computations of information flow through an approximation of a conceptual space. Within a conceptual space information is represented geometrically. In this article, geometric representations of words are realized as vectors in a high dimensional semantic space, which is automatically constructed from a text corpus. Two approaches were presented for priming vector representations according to context. The first approach uses a concept combination heuristic to adjust the vector representation of a concept in the light of the representation of another concept. The second approach computes a prototypical concept an the basis of exemplar trace texts and moves it in the dimensional space according to the context. Information inference is evaluated by measuring the effectiveness of query models derived by information flow computations. Results show that information flow contributes significantly to query model effectiveness, particularly with respect to precision. Moreover, retrieval effectiveness compares favorably with two probabilistic query models, and another based an semantic association. More generally, this article can be seen as a contribution towards realizing operational systems that mimic text-based human reasoning.

Footnote

Beitrag eines Themenheftes: Mathematical, logical, and formal methods in information retrieval

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.4, S.321-334

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Abstract

Traditional query methods are good at retrieving items an the basis of a precise specification, but they are not useful when the user wants to explore an information base in order to find interesting items. Dynamic Taxonomies were recently proposed for guided browsing and retrieval from heterogeneous information bases. We discuss their application to multimedia information bases and provide an example of interaction.

Source

Knowledge organization and the global information society: Proceedings of the 8th International ISKO Conference 13-16 July 2004, London, UK. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine

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Abstract

Document retrieval is a highly interactive process dealing with large amounts of information. Visual representations can provide both a means for managing the complexity of large information structures and an interface style well suited to interactive manipulation. The system we have designed utilizes visually displayed graphic structures and a direct manipulation interface style to supply an integrated environment for retrieval. A common visually displayed network structure is used for query, document content, and term relations. A query can be modified through direct manipulation of its visual form by incorporating terms from any other information structure the system displays. An associative thesaurus of terms and an inter-document network provide information about a document collection that can complement other retrieval aids. Visualization of these large data structures makes use of fisheye views and overview diagrams to help overcome some of the inherent difficulties of orientation and navigation in large information structures.

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Abstract

LyberWorld is a prototype IR user interface. It implements visualizations of an abstract information space: fulltext. The video demonstrates a visual user interface for the probabilistic fulltext retrieval system INQUERY. Visualizations are used to communicate information search and browsing activities in a natural way by applying metaphors of spatial navigation in abstract information spaces. Visualization tools for exploring information spaces and judging relevance of information items are introduced and an example session demonstrates the prototype. The presence of a spatial model in the user's mind is regarded as an essential contribution towards natural interaction and reduction of cognitive costs during retrieval dialogues.

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Abstract

We investigate facets of online health information that are preferred, easy-to-use and useful in accessing online consumer health information from a user's perspective. In this study, the existing classification structure of 20 top ranked consumer health information websites in South Korea were analyzed, and nine facets that are used in organizing health information in those websites were identified. Based on the identified facets, an online survey, which asked participants' preferences for as well as perceived ease-of-use and usefulness of each facet in accessing online health information, was conducted. The analysis of the survey results showed that among the nine facets, the "diseases & conditions" and "body part" facets were most preferred, and perceived as easy-to-use and useful in accessing online health information. In contrast, "age," "gender," and "alternative medicine" facets were perceived as relatively less preferred, easy-to-use and useful. This research study has direct implications for organization and design of health information websites in that it suggests facets to include and avoid in organizing and providing access points to online health information.

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Abstract

An increasing number of tools are being developed to help academics interact with information, but little is known about the benefits of those tools for their users. This study evaluated academics' receptiveness to information proposed by a mobile app, the SerenA Notebook: information that is based in their inferred interests but does not relate directly to a prior recognized need. The evaluated app aimed at creating the experience of serendipitous encounters: generating ideas and inspiring thoughts, and potentially triggering follow-up actions, by providing users with suggestions related to their work and leisure interests. We studied how 20 academics interacted with messages sent by the mobile app (3 per day over 10 consecutive days). Collected data sets were analyzed using thematic analysis. We found that contextual factors (location, activity, and focus) strongly influenced their responses to messages. Academics described some unsolicited information as interesting but irrelevant when they could not make immediate use of it. They highlighted filtering information as their major struggle rather than finding information. Some messages that were positively received acted as reminders of activities participants were meant to be doing but were postponing, or were relevant to ongoing activities at the time the information was received.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 67(2016) no.8, S.1883-1903

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Abstract

While surprisingly little has been written about context at a meaningful level, context is central to most theoretical approaches to information seeking. In this essay I explore in more detail three senses of context. First, I look at context as equivalent to the situation in which a process is immersed. Second, I discuss contingency approaches that detail active ingredients of the situation that have specific, predictable effects. Third, I examine major frameworks for meaning systems. Then, I discuss how a deeper appreciation of context can enhance our understanding of the process of information seeking by examining two vastly different contexts in which it occurs: organizational and cancer-related, an exemplar of everyday life information seeking. This essay concludes with a discussion of the value that can be added to information seeking research and theory as a result of a deeper appreciation of context, particularly in terms of our current multi-contextual environment and individuals taking an active role in contextualizing.

Source

Information processing and management. 39(2003) no.5, S.735-760

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Abstract

The digital library system Daffodil is targeted at strategic support of users during the information search process. For searching, exploring and managing digital library objects it provides user-customisable information seeking patterns over a federation of heterogeneous digital libraries. In this paper evaluation results with respect to retrieval effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction are presented. The analysis focuses on strategic support for the scientific work-flow. Daffodil supports the whole work-flow, from data source selection over information seeking to the representation, organisation and reuse of information. By embedding high level search functionality into the scientific work-flow, the user experiences better strategic system support due to a more systematic work process. These ideas have been implemented in Daffodil followed by a qualitative evaluation. The evaluation has been conducted with 28 participants, ranging from information seeking novices to experts. The results are promising, as they support the chosen model.

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Abstract

LyberWorld is a prototype IR user interface. It implements visualizations of an abstract information space-fulltext. The paper derives a model for such visualizations and an exemplar user interface design is implemented for the probabilistic fulltext retrieval system INQUERY. Visualizations are used to communicate information search and browsing activities in a natural way by applying metaphors of spatial navigation in abstract information spaces. Visualization tools for exploring information spaces and judging relevance of information items are introduced and an example session demonstrates the prototype. The presence of a spatial model in the user's mind and interaction with a system's corresponding display methods is regarded as an essential contribution towards natural interaction and reduction of cognitive costs during e.g. query construction, orientation within the database content, relevance judgement and orientation within the retrieval context.

Source

Proceeding SIGIR '94: Proceedings of the 17th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval

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Source

Information systems. 30(2005) no.7, S.543-563

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Abstract

Context is one of the most important concepts in information seeking and retrieval research. However, the challenges of studying context are great; thus, it is more common for researchers to use context as a post hoc explanatory factor, rather than as a concept that drives inquiry. The purposes of this study were to develop a method for collecting data about information seeking context in natural online environments, and identify which aspects of context should be considered when studying online information seeking. The study is reported in two parts. In this, the first part, the background and method are presented. Results and implications of this research are presented in Part 2 (Kelly, in press). Part 1 discusses previous literature on information seeking context and behavior and situates the current work within this literature. This part further describes the naturalistic, longitudinal research design that was used to examine and measure the online information seeking contexts of users during a 14-week period. In this design, information seeking context was characterized by a user's self-identified tasks and topics, and several attributes of these, such as the length of time the user expected to work on a task and the user's familiarity with a topic. At weekly intervals, users evaluated the usefulness of the documents that they viewed, and classified these documents according to their tasks and topics. At the end of the study, users provided feedback about the study method.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.13, S.1729-1739

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Abstract

Context is one of the most important concepts in information seeking and retrieval research. However, the challenges of studying context are great; thus, it is more common for researchers to use context as a post hoc explanatory factor, rather than as a concept that drives inquiry. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for collecting data about information seeking context in natural online environments, and identify which aspects of context should be considered when studying online information seeking. The study is reported in two parts. In this, the second part, results and implications of this research are presented. Part 1 (Kelly, 2006) discussed previous literature on information seeking context and behavior, situated the current study within this literature, and described the naturalistic, longitudinal research design that was used to examine and measure the online information seeking context of seven users during a 14-week period. Results provide support for the value of the method in studying online information seeking context, the relative importance of various measures of context, how these measures change over time, and, finally, the relationship between these measures. In particular, results demonstrate significant differences in distributions of usefulness ratings according to task and topic.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.14, S.1862-1874

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Abstract

The Electronic Libraries and Information Highways MITRE Sponsored Research project aims to help searchers working in digital libraries increase their chance of matching the language of authors. Focuses on whether query formulation can be improved through the addition of semantic knowledge that is interactively gathered from a thesaurus that exists in a distributed, interoperating, cooperative environment. A prototype, ELVIS, was built that improves information retrieval through query expansion and is based on publicly available Z39.50 standard thesauri integrated with networked information discovery and retrieval tools

Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

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Abstract

Keyword based querying has been an immediate and efficient way to specify and retrieve related information that the user inquired. However, conventional document ranking based on an automatic assessment of document relevance to the query may not be the best approach when little information is given. Proposes an idea to integrate 2 existing techniques, query expansion and relevance feedback to achieve a concept-based information search for the Web

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Abstract

We present an Information Retrieval System for scientific publications that provides the possibility to filter results according to semantic facets. We use sentence-level semantic annotations that identify specific semantic relations in texts, such as methods, definitions, hypotheses, that correspond to common information needs related to scientific literature. The semantic annotations are obtained using a rule-based method that identifies linguistic clues organized into a linguistic ontology. The system is implemented using Solr Search Server and offers efficient search and navigation in scientific papers.

Series

Communications in computer and information science; vol.475