Search (3416 results, page 1 of 171)

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Abstract

Aimed at information and communication professionals, scholars and students, Google and the Digital Divide: The Biases of Online Knowledge provides invaluable insight into the significant role that search engines play in growing the digital divide between individuals, organizations, and states. With a specific focus on Google, author Elad Segev explains the concept of the digital divide and the effects that today's online environment has on knowledge bias, power, and control. Using innovative methods and research approaches, Segev compares the popular search queries in Google and Yahoo in the United States and other countries and analyzes the various biases in Google News and Google Earth. Google and the Digital Divide shows the many ways in which users manipulate Google's information across different countries, as well as dataset and classification systems, economic and political value indexes, specific search indexes, locality of use indexes, and much more. Segev presents important new social and political perspectives to illustrate the challenges brought about by search engines, and explains the resultant political, communicative, commercial, and international implications.

Content

Inhalt: Power, communication and the internet -- The structure and power of search engines -- Google and the politics of online searching -- Users and uses of Google's information -- Mass media channels and the world of Google News -- Google's global mapping

RSWK

Google / Digitale Spaltung (BVB)
Digitale Spaltung / Informationsbeschaffung (SWB)

Subject

Google / Digitale Spaltung (BVB)
Digitale Spaltung / Informationsbeschaffung (SWB)

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Abstract

Der Artikel fasst Komponenten für einen mehrsprachigen Zugang in digitalen Bibliotheken zusammen. Dabei wird der Fokus auf Bibliotheken für das digitale Kulturerbe gelegt. Eine Analyse aktueller (existierender) Informationssysteme im sogenannten GLAM-Bereich (Galerien, Bibliotheken, Archive, Museen) beschreibt angewandte Lösungen für die Recherche (Suchen und Blättern) von und die Interaktion mit mehrsprachigen Inhalten. Europeana, die europäische digitale Bibliothek für Kulturerbe, wird als Fallbeispiel hervorgehoben und es werden beispielhaft Interaktionsszenarios für die mehrsprachige Recherche vorgestellt. Die Herausforderungen in der Implementierung von Komponenten für den mehrsprachigen Informationszugang sowie Empfehlungen für den verbesserten Einsatz werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 64(2013) H.2/3, S.86-95

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Abstract

Informations- und Wissensvermittlung verlagern sich immer stärker in die digitale Welt. Möglich wird dies nicht zuletzt durch die voranschreitende Durchdringung aller Lebensbereiche durch das Internet. Wissen wird mehr und mehr zu vernetztem Wissen. Die Jülicher Konferenz WissKom2012 thematisiert die Anpassung an diese Entwicklung und ihre Mitgestaltung durch innovative Bibliotheksdienstleistungen. Der Konferenztitel "Vernetztes Wissen: Daten, Menschen, Systeme" deutet die wechselseitige Vernetzung unter- und miteinander an. Ziel ist, vorhandene Insellösungen zu verbinden und neue Konzepte für inhärent vernetzte Strukturen zu entwickeln. Mit der WissKom2012 "Vernetztes Wissen - Daten, Menschen, Systeme" greift die Zentralbibliothek des Forschungszentrums Jülich erneut Themen im Spannungsfeld von "Bibliothek - Information - Wissenschaft" in einer Konferenz interdisziplinär auf und versucht, neue Handlungsfelder für Bibliotheken aufzuzeigen. Diese sechste Konferenz der Zentralbibliothek thematisiert den immer wichtiger werdenden Bereich der Forschungsdaten und den nachhaltigen Umgang mit ihnen. Sie zeigt auf, was Interdisziplinarität konkret bedeutet und wie bislang isolierte Systeme vernetzt werden können und so Mehrwert entsteht. Der Konferenzband enthält neben den Ausführungen der Referenten zudem die Beiträge der Poster Session sowie den Festvortrag von Prof. Viktor Mayer-Schönberger mit dem Titel "Delete: Die Tugend des Vergessens in digitalen Zeiten".

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Abstract

Die vorliegende Master Thesis setzt sich mit der Frage nach Möglichkeiten der Anreicherung historischer Zeitungen mit semantischen Metadaten auseinander. Sie möchte außerdem analysieren, welcher Nutzen für vor allem geisteswissenschaftlich Forschende, durch die Anreicherung mit zusätzlichen Informationsquellen entsteht. Nach der Darstellung der Entwicklung der interdisziplinären 'Digital Humanities', wurde für die digitale Sammlung historischer Zeitungen (ANNO AustriaN Newspapers Online) der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek ein Use Case entwickelt, bei dem 'Named Entities' (Personen, Orte, Organisationen und Daten) in ausgewählten Zeitungsausgaben manuell annotiert wurden. Methodisch wurde das Kodieren mit 'TEI', einem Dokumentenformat zur Kodierung und zum Austausch von Texten durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden zu allen annotierten 'Named Entities' Einträge in externen Datenbanken wie Wikipedia, Wikipedia Personensuche, der ehemaligen Personennamen- und Schlagwortnormdatei (jetzt Gemeinsame Normdatei GND), VIAF und dem Bildarchiv Austria gesucht und gegebenenfalls verlinkt. Eine Beschreibung der Ergebnisse des manuellen Annotierens der Zeitungsseiten schließt diesen Teil der Arbeit ab. In einem weiteren Abschnitt werden die Ergebnisse des manuellen Annotierens mit jenen Ergebnissen, die automatisch mit dem German NER (Named Entity Recognition) generiert wurden, verglichen und in ihrer Genauigkeit analysiert. Abschließend präsentiert die Arbeit einige Best Practice-Beispiele kodierter und angereicherter Zeitungsseiten, um den zusätzlichen Nutzen durch die Auszeichnung der 'Named Entities' und durch die Verlinkung mit externen Informationsquellen für die BenützerInnen darzustellen.

Footnote

Wien, Univ., Lehrgang Library and Information Studies, Master-Thesis, 2012.

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Content

Inhalt: W. Babik, H. P. Ohly, C. Wartena, K. Weber: Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen. Einige Vorbemerkungen 1. Grundlagen der Wissensorganisation / Foundations of Knowledge Organization I. Dahlberg: Was ist Wissensorganisation? - B. Hjørland: Theories of knowledge organization - Theories of knowledge - M. Kleineberg: Der Elefant und die Blinden. Vorüberlegungen zu einer Organisation epistemischer Kontexte - W. Umstätter: Wissen - Konstrukt oder Rekonstruktion der Popperschen Welt? oder Warum sich die ISKO in International Society for Knowledge Self-Organization umbenennen sollte. - P. Jaenecke: Über die Darstellung einer deduktiven Wissenschaft als Deduktgeflecht - H. Herre, H. Benking: Formal Ontology and Principles and Prospects of Knowledge Organisation: An Axiomatic Approach 2. Wissensgewinnung / Knowledge Extraction I. Blümel: Wissen über 3D-Modelle organisieren Herausforderungen für Digitale Bibliotheken - J.-C. Lamirel: Unsupervised Multi-View Data Analysis Methods for Text - K. Schmidt, Peter Mandl, Michael Weber: Informationsverwaltung als selbst-organisierendes und kontext-basiertes System - K. U. Schulz, Levin Brunner: Vollautomatische thematische Verschlagwortung großer Textkollektionen mittels semantischer Netze - A. O. Kempf: Neue Verfahrenswege der Wissensorganisation. Eine Evaluation automatischer Indexierung in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachinformation - A. Böhm, C. Seifert, J. Schlötterer, M. Granitzer: Identifying Tweets from the Economic Domain
3. Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache / Natural Language Processing K. Eichler, A. Gabryszak: Evaluating text representations for the categorization of German customer emails - Á. Castellanos, A. García-Serrano, J. Cigarrán, E. W. De Luca: Improving the Knowledge Organization of Linguistic Resources - P. M. Fischer: Eine Datenbasis zur Beobachtung des Schreibgebrauchs im Deutschen - S. Otra, N. Singh, J. Jha: Towards Building a Lexical Ontology Resource Based on Intrinsic Senses of Words 4. Semantisches Netz / Semantic Web L. Wenige: The application of Linked Data resources for Library Recommender Systems - N. Kushwaha, O P Vyas: SemMovieRec: Extraction of Semantic Features of DBpedia for Recommender System - C. H. Marcondes: Representing and organizing scientific knowledge in biomedical articles with Semantic Web technologies - E. W. De Luca: Using Multilingual Lexical Resources for Extending the Linked Data Cloud - S. Grabsch, M. Jürgens: Der Digitale Wissensspeicher der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen der Verknüpfung heterogener geisteswissenschaftlicher Inhalte und Metadaten - L.-L. Stahn: Vocabulary Alignment für archäologische KOS
5. Verschlagwortung / Indexing J. Ahuja: Understanding the past and present of Knowledge Organization to create the futuristic KO tools - M. Frické: Logic and Librarianship - E. Scheven: Die neue Thesaurusnorm ISO 25964 und die GND - W. Babik: Keywords as Linguistic Tools in Information and Knowledge Organization - J. Szulc: Document Management in the the Polish Central Catalogues 6. Wissensökonomie / Economics of Knowledge H. P. Ohly: Organization, Management and Engineering of Knowledge - W. Babik: The Internet as the Present-Day Agora of Information and Knowledge - D. Pietruch-Reizes: Transfer of knowledge and new technologies from science to the economy - M. Jabloun, Y. Sayeb, H. Ben Ghezala: From EA to Actor Model: Knowledge in the service of IS Reform
7. Wissenstransfer / Knowledge Transfer I. Kijeñska-D¹browska, K. Lipiec:: Knowledge Brokers as Modern Facilitators of Research Commercialization - M. Ostaszewski: Open academic community in Poland: social aspects of new scholarly communication as observed during the transformation period - M. Owigoñ, K. Weber: Knowledge and Information Management by Individuals A Report on Empirical Studies Among German Students 8. Wissenschaftsgemeinschaften / Science Communities D. Tunger: Bibliometrie: Quo vadis? - T. Möller: Woher stammt das Wissen über die Halbwertzeiten des Wissens? - M. Riechert, J. Schmitz: Qualitätssicherung von Forschungsinformationen durch visuelle Repräsentation Das Fallbeispiel des "Informationssystems Promotionsnoten" - E. Ortoll Espinet, M. Garcia Alsina: Networks of scientific collaboration in competitive intelligence studies 423

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Abstract

In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Implementierung eines Klassifikationsservers für Metadatenorganisation in einem Langzeitarchivierungssystem für digitale Objekte. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in Klassifikationen und Wissensorganisationen stellen wir die Anforderungen an das zu implementierende System vor. Wir beschreiben sämtliche Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) Management Tools, die wir untersucht haben, darunter auch Skosmos, die Lösung, die wir für die Implementierung gewählt haben. Skosmos ist ein open source, webbasierter SKOS Browser, basierend auf dem Jena Fuseki SPARQL Server. Wir diskutieren einige entscheidende Schritte während der Installation der ausgewählten Tools und präsentieren sowohl die potentiell auftretenden Probleme mit den verwendeten Klassifikationen als auch mögliche Lösungen.

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Content

Inhalt: The importance of information need -- The history of information need -- The framework for our discussion -- Modeling the user in information search -- Information seeking's conceptualization of information need during information search -- Information use -- Adaptation : internal information flows and knowledge generation -- A theory of information need -- How information need works -- The user's situation in the pre-focus search -- The situation of user's information need in pre-focus information search -- The selection concept -- A review of the user's pre-focus information search -- How information need works in a focusing search -- Circles 1 to 5 : how information need works -- Corroborating research -- Applying information need -- The astrolabe : an information system for stage 3 information exploration -- Conclusion.

LCSH

Information behavior
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems
Human information processing
Information theory

RSWK

Informationsverhalten / Information Retrieval / Informationstheorie

Subject

Informationsverhalten / Information Retrieval / Informationstheorie
Information behavior
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems
Human information processing
Information theory

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Content

Information representation and retrieval : an overview -- Information representation I : basic approaches -- Information representation II : related topics -- Language in information representation and retrieval -- Retrieval techniques and query representation -- Retrieval approaches -- Information retrieval models -- Information retrieval systems -- Retrieval of information unique in content or format -- The user dimension in information representation and retrieval -- Evaluation of information representation and retrieval -- Artificial intelligence in information representation and retrieval.

Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

LCSH

Information organization
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems

Subject

Information organization
Information retrieval
Information storage and retrieval systems

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Abstract

The information age is empowered by being connected and knowing the best options for the job. "Introduction to Information Science and Technology" discusses how to maximize the use of such technology in today's importance of connecting information to all those involved. Chapters grant a comprehensive overview of information technology, who needs the information, organization, use of the internet, and theories for more effective use in our future. "Introduction to Information Science and Technology" is a fine delve into the fast combining concepts of information and technology, and how to apply it to one's own endeavors, a core addition for community and college library technology collections.

Content

Our world of information -- Foundations of information science and technology -- Information needs, seeking, and use -- Representation of information -- Organization of information -- Computers and networks -- Structured information systems -- Information system applications -- Evaluation of information systems -- Information management -- Publication and information technologies -- Information policy -- The information professions -- Information theory.

Imprint

Medford, NJ : Information Today

LCSH

Information science
Information technology

Subject

Information science
Information technology

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the multifaceted information disadvantages facing the so-called information poor in today's society. It has two specific objectives: to identify, from the empirical evidence of individuals' daily and regular information practices, meaningful constructs for defining information inequality; and to investigate how the "information poor" characterise on these constructs in comparison with others. Design/methodology/approach - The study developed its findings in relation to the above objectives inductively from the interview transcripts of 73 people of different social statuses and occupations regarding their daily and regular information practices. Findings - Three concepts emerged as meaningful constructs to define information inequality, hence to describe the information poor: individuals' information resource bases, information practices, and information assets. The information poor are found to be disadvantaged in all these aspects. They are first disadvantaged by limited freedom and/or opportunities in claiming society's vast and rapidly increasing information resources into their own information resource bases; then by the constraint of their information practices in developing their information resource bases and obtaining information utilities from these resources; and further more by impoverished information assets to empower themselves in normal and problematic situations. Practical implications - Understanding of the information poor as sketched above will likely demand further research into a number of issues/areas hitherto ignored by information inequality studies. Originality/value - This paper is one of the first to address empirically one of the most fundamental questions in information inequality studies; it extends library and information science understanding of the information poor hitherto dominated by the information deficiency thesis.

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Abstract

Marketing professionals' work activities are heavily reliant on access to and the use of large amounts of quality information. This study aims to examine the information journey experienced by marketing professionals, including task-driven information seeking, information judgments, information use, and information sharing, from a more contextualized and holistic viewpoint. The information journey presents a more comprehensive picture of user-information interaction than is usually offered in the literature. Using a diary method and post-diary in-depth interviews, data consisting of 1,198 diary entries relating to 101 real work tasks were collected over a period of 5 work days. The data were used to ascertain characteristics of the stages of marketing professionals' information journeys as well as the relationships between them. Five stages of the information journey, including determining the need for work task-generated information, seeking such information, judging and evaluating the information found, making sense of and using the obtained information, and sharing the obtained or assembled information, were identified. The information journey also encompassed types of gaps and gap-bridge techniques that occurred during information seeking and use. Based on the empirical findings, an information journey model was developed. The implications for information systems design solutions that enable different stages of the information journey to be linked together are also discussed.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.9, S.1850-1869

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Abstract

Information sources require consumers to use them in order to evaluate their quality, meaning that they are experience goods. The value perceived before acquisition and use may be different from the value obtained by actual use. Understanding the value perception gap is likely to inform more efficient selection of information sources. The current research studies the value gap in a learning situation. We examine information value perceptions before and after experiencing information in an experiment with 113 software engineers engaged in a problem-based learning task while using and evaluating three types of information sources: supportive, reflective and reciprocal. The results indicate that before using an information source, the subjective value for supportive information is lower than for reflective information. In addition, 55% of the participants preferred to obtain information when presented with a choice. After using an information source no correlation was observed between perceived value of information before and after the use of information source (value gap); participants assigned a higher user experience (UX) value to reflective and reciprocal information than to supportive information; positive correlation between UX value and revealed information value; positive correlation between learning achievement and revealed information value; Reciprocal information is associated with higher learning achievement than reflective and supportive; use of information led to higher learning achievement than avoidance of information. Reciprocal information supports high achievement in software engineering informal learning. Reflective information is valued higher than supportive information sources. If supportive information is essential, learning environments designers should invest heavily in interface design combining reciprocal and reflective elements, such as forums and "try it yourself", respectively

Source

Open information science. 2(2018) no.1, S.83-101

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Source

Annual review of information science and technology. 44(2010), S.xxx-xxx

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Source

Interactive information seeking, behaviour and retrieval. Eds.: Ruthven, I. u. D. Kelly

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the picture of the motivators for information behaviour by examining the nature of information need as a trigger and driver of information seeking. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual analysis focusing on the ways in which the researchers have conceptualized information need in models for human information behaviour (HIB). The study draws on conceptual analysis of 26 key studies focusing on the above topic. Findings Researchers have employed two main approaches to conceptualize information needs in the HIB models. First, information need is approached as a root factor which motivates people to identify and access information sources. Second, information need is approached as a secondary trigger or driver determined by more fundamental factors, for example, the information requirements of task performance. The former approach conceptualizes information need as a trigger providing an initial impetus to information seeking, while the latter approach also depicts information need as a driver that keeps the information-seeking process in motion. The latter approach is particularly characteristic of models depicting information seeking as a cyclic process. Research limitations/implications As the study focuses on information need, no attention is devoted to related constructs such as anomalous state of knowledge and uncertainty. Originality/value The study pioneers by providing an in-depth analysis of the nature of information need as a trigger and driver of information seeking. The findings refine the picture of motivators for information behaviour.

Source

Aslib journal of information management. 69(2017) no.1, S.2-21

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Abstract

In a big data environment, there are growing concerns about the violation of consumer rights regarding information privacy. To induce rational regulations for protecting personal information, it is necessary to separately estimate consumers' values related to different types of personal information. In this article, discrete choice experiments using hypothetical information leakage situations given certain compensation amounts and discrete choice models were used to quantitatively analyze the value of personal information. The results indicate that consumers generally place high value on information that could cause immediate and actual damage from the leakage after identification, such as basic personal information and purchase list and payment information. Consumers value location information and personal medical information differently based on their perceived importance of privacy and their prior experience with personal information leakage. We suggest that the level of regulation should differ according to the type of personal information based on the consumers' valuation. This article contributes to a better understanding of a quantitative approach to pricing personal information.

Source

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.1, S.60-71

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Abstract

This book narrates the development of science and intelligence information systems and technologies in the U.S. from World War II through today. The story ranges from a description of the information systems and machines of the 1940s to the rise of a huge international science information industry, and to the 1990's Open Access-Open Culture.

LCSH

Information technology / United States / Management
Management information systems / United States

RSWK

USA / Geheimdienst / Informationsbeschaffung / Information warfare / Geschichte 1941-2000

Subject

USA / Geheimdienst / Informationsbeschaffung / Information warfare / Geschichte 1941-2000
Information technology / United States / Management
Management information systems / United States

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Abstract

This article proposes a theory of information need for information retrieval (IR). Information need traditionally denotes the start state for someone seeking information, which includes information search using an IR system. There are two perspectives on information need. The dominant, computer science perspective is that the user needs to find an answer to a well-defined question which is easy for the user to formulate into a query to the system. Ironically, information science's best known model of information need (Taylor, 1968) deems it to be a "black box"-unknowable and nonspecifiable by the user in a query to the information system. Information science has instead devoted itself to studying eight adjacent or surrogate concepts (information seeking, search and use; problem, problematic situation and task; sense making and evolutionary adaptation/information foraging). Based on an analysis of these eight adjacent/surrogate concepts, we create six testable propositions for a theory of information need. The central assumption of the theory is that while computer science sees IR as an information- or answer-finding system, focused on the user finding an answer, an information science or user-oriented theory of information need envisages a knowledge formulation/acquisition system.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.7, S.1216-1231

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Often invisible to the broader society, the information disciplines determine much of what is available to these societies from their entire heritage of knowledge, culture, and entertainment. Containing the contributions of major researchers and practitioners, this third edition of the "Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences" reflects the growing convergence among the several disciplines that concern themselves with information and the cultural record. This work addresses these related disciplines in a way that demonstrates the unities across the fields and also recognizes their uniquely distinguishing characteristics. It covers a broad spectrum of related information disciplines, including: archival science; bibliography; document and genre theory; informatics; information systems; knowledge management; library and information science; museum studies; records management; and, social studies of information.

BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

LCSH

Information science / Encyclopedias

RSWK

Information und Dokumentation / Bibliothek / Wörterbuch

Subject

Information und Dokumentation / Bibliothek / Wörterbuch
Information science / Encyclopedias

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Abstract

The paper discusses and analyzes the notion of information quality in terms of a pragmatic philosophy of language. It is argued that the notion of information quality is of great importance, and needs to be situated better within a sound philosophy of information to help frame information quality in a broader conceptual light. It is found that much research on information quality conceptualizes information quality as either an inherent property of the information itself, or as an individual mental construct of the users. The notion of information quality is often not situated within a philosophy of information. This paper outlines a conceptual framework in which information is regarded as a semiotic sign, and extends that notion with Paul Grice's pragmatic philosophy of language to provide a conversational notion of information quality that is contextual and tied to the notion of meaning.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.4, S.675-688

Theme

Information