Document (#42060)

Author

Noruzi, A.

Title

Google Scholar : the new generation of citation indexes

Source

Libri. 55(2005) no.4, S.170-180

Year

2005

Abstract

Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) provides a new method of locating potentially relevant articles on a given subject by identifying subsequent articles that cite a previously published article. An important feature of Google Scholar is that researchers can use it to trace interconnections among authors citing articles on the same topic and to determine the frequency with which others cite a specific article, as it has a "cited by" feature. This study begins with an overview of how to use Google Scholar for citation analysis and identifies advanced search techniques not well documented by Google Scholar. This study also compares the citation counts provided by Web of Science and Google Scholar for articles in the field of "Webometrics." It makes several suggestions for improving Google Scholar. Finally, it concludes that Google Scholar provides a free alternative or complement to other citation indexes.

Content

Auch unter: http://nouruzi.itgo.com/webometrics/Scholar.Google.pdf.

Theme

Suchmaschinen
Citation indexing

Object

Google Scholar

Similar documents (content)

1. Kousha, K.; Thelwall, M.: Google Scholar citations and Google Web/URL citations : a multi-discipline exploratory analysis (2007) 0.36

   0.35537335 = sum of:
     0.35537335 = product of:
       1.4807223 = sum of:
         0.00814204 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.00814204 = score(doc=2335,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.03157935 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1918842 = boost
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.257828 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
         0.012930905 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012930905 = score(doc=2335,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054159787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2744573 = boost
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.23875473 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
         0.07280884 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07280884 = score(doc=2335,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1714143 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2064564 = boost
               4.805538 = idf(docFreq=968, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.42475358 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.805538 = idf(docFreq=968, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
         0.13459593 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13459593 = score(doc=2335,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.1790215 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2768338 = boost
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.7518423 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
         0.43281287 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.43281287 = score(doc=2335,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.4292697 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.175992 = boost
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             1.0082539 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
         0.8194317 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 2335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.8194317 = score(doc=2335,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.714365 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.257141 = boost
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             1.1470771 = fieldWeight in 2335, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2335)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Kousha, K.; Thelwall, M.; Rezaie, S.: Assessing the citation impact of books : the role of Google Books, Google Scholar, and Scopus (2011) 0.31

   0.31035745 = sum of:
     0.31035745 = product of:
       1.1084194 = sum of:
         0.034537766 = weight(abstract_txt:counts in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034537766 = score(doc=1918,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08275174 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1139364 = boost
               6.6778564 = idf(docFreq=148, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.41736603 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.6778564 = idf(docFreq=148, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.0047008093 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0047008093 = score(doc=1918,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.03157935 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1918842 = boost
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.14885707 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.012930905 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012930905 = score(doc=1918,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054159787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2744573 = boost
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.23875473 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.043547094 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043547094 = score(doc=1918,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12168315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.910302 = boost
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.35787284 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.12286871 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12286871 = score(doc=1918,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1790215 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2768338 = boost
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.68633497 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.35339022 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.35339022 = score(doc=1918,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.4292697 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.175992 = boost
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.82323587 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
         0.536444 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 1918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.536444 = score(doc=1918,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.714365 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.257141 = boost
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.75093824 = fieldWeight in 1918, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1918)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Walters, W.H.: Google Scholar coverage of a multidisciplinary field (2007) 0.30

   0.2974593 = sum of:
     0.2974593 = product of:
       1.2394137 = sum of:
         0.021918064 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021918064 = score(doc=2926,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06635176 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4106297 = boost
               4.228241 = idf(docFreq=1725, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.33033133 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.228241 = idf(docFreq=1725, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
         0.054433867 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054433867 = score(doc=2926,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12168315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.910302 = boost
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.44734105 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
         0.11146531 = weight(abstract_txt:articles in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11146531 = score(doc=2926,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1714143 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2064564 = boost
               4.805538 = idf(docFreq=968, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.65026844 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.805538 = idf(docFreq=968, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
         0.068685696 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068685696 = score(doc=2926,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1790215 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2768338 = boost
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.3836729 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
         0.31235576 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31235576 = score(doc=2926,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.4292697 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.175992 = boost
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.72764456 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
         0.670555 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 2926) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.670555 = score(doc=2926,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.714365 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.257141 = boost
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.9386728 = fieldWeight in 2926, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2926)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Araújo, P.C. de; Gutierres Castanha, R.C.; Hjoerland, B.: Citation indexing and indexes (2021) 0.27

   0.2661015 = sum of:
     0.2661015 = product of:
       0.95036256 = sum of:
         0.0058760117 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0058760117 = score(doc=2731,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.03157935 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1918842 = boost
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.18607134 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.01616363 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01616363 = score(doc=2731,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054159787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2744573 = boost
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.2984434 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.021918064 = weight(abstract_txt:provides in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021918064 = score(doc=2731,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06635176 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4106297 = boost
               4.228241 = idf(docFreq=1725, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.33033133 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.228241 = idf(docFreq=1725, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.12171783 = weight(abstract_txt:indexes in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12171783 = score(doc=2731,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.12168315 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.910302 = boost
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             1.000285 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.7259655 = idf(docFreq=385, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.21720323 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21720323 = score(doc=2731,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.1790215 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2768338 = boost
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             1.2132802 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.18033868 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18033868 = score(doc=2731,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4292697 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.175992 = boost
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.4201058 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
         0.38714513 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 2731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38714513 = score(doc=2731,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.714365 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.257141 = boost
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.541943 = fieldWeight in 2731, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2731)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. López-Cózar, E.D.; Robinson-García, N.R.; Torres-Salinas, D.: ¬The Google scholar experiment : how to index false papers and manipulate bibliometric indicators (2014) 0.25

   0.2478267 = sum of:
     0.2478267 = product of:
       1.2391335 = sum of:
         0.00814204 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.00814204 = score(doc=3211,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.03157935 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1918842 = boost
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.257828 = fieldWeight in 3211, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3817132 = idf(docFreq=10938, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3211)
         0.012930905 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 3211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012930905 = score(doc=3211,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054159787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2744573 = boost
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.23875473 = fieldWeight in 3211, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8200758 = idf(docFreq=2595, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3211)
         0.077709 = weight(abstract_txt:citation in 3211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.077709 = score(doc=3211,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1790215 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.2768338 = boost
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.43407634 = fieldWeight in 3211, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.911013 = idf(docFreq=871, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3211)
         0.38170505 = weight(abstract_txt:google in 3211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38170505 = score(doc=3211,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.4292697 = queryWeight, product of:
               7.175992 = boost
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             0.88919634 = fieldWeight in 3211, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.377354 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3211)
         0.7586465 = weight(abstract_txt:scholar in 3211) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.7586465 = score(doc=3211,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.714365 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.257141 = boost
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.011124479 = queryNorm
             1.0619872 = fieldWeight in 3211, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               6.9368706 = idf(docFreq=114, maxDocs=43556)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3211)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)