Search (20 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Structured document interchange formats such as XML and SGML are ubiquitous, however, information retrieval systems supporting structured searching are not. Structured searching can result in increased precision. A search for the author "Smith" in an unstructured corpus of documents specializing in iron-working could have a lower precision than a structured search for "Smith as author" in the same corpus. Analysis of XML retrieval languages identifies additional functionality that must be supported including searching at, and broken across multiple nodes in the document tree. A data structure is developed to support structured document searching. Application of this structure to information retrieval is then demonstrated. Document ranking is examined and adapted specifically for structured searching.

Date

14. 8.2004 10:39:22

Source

Information processing and management. 40(2004) no.4, S.619-632

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LCSH

Libraries / Data processing
Cataloging / Data processing

Subject

Libraries / Data processing
Cataloging / Data processing

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Abstract

RDF - the Resource Description Framework - is a foundation for processing metadata; it provides interoperability between applications that exchange machine-understandable information on the Web. RDF emphasizes facilities to enable automated processing of Web resources. RDF metadata can be used in a variety of application areas; for example: in resource discovery to provide better search engine capabilities; in cataloging for describing the content and content relationships available at a particular Web site, page, or digital library; by intelligent software agents to facilitate knowledge sharing and exchange; in content rating; in describing collections of pages that represent a single logical "document"; for describing intellectual property rights of Web pages, and in many others. RDF with digital signatures will be key to building the "Web of Trust" for electronic commerce, collaboration, and other applications. Metadata is "data about data" or specifically in the context of RDF "data describing web resources." The distinction between "data" and "metadata" is not an absolute one; it is a distinction created primarily by a particular application. Many times the same resource will be interpreted in both ways simultaneously. RDF encourages this view by using XML as the encoding syntax for the metadata. The resources being described by RDF are, in general, anything that can be named via a URI. The broad goal of RDF is to define a mechanism for describing resources that makes no assumptions about a particular application domain, nor defines the semantics of any application domain. The definition of the mechanism should be domain neutral, yet the mechanism should be suitable for describing information about any domain. This document introduces a model for representing RDF metadata and one syntax for expressing and transporting this metadata in a manner that maximizes the interoperability of independently developed web servers and clients. The syntax described in this document is best considered as a "serialization syntax" for the underlying RDF representation model. The serialization syntax is XML, XML being the W3C's work-in-progress to define a richer Web syntax for a variety of applications. RDF and XML are complementary; there will be alternate ways to represent the same RDF data model, some more suitable for direct human authoring. Future work may lead to including such alternatives in this document.

Content

RDF Data Model At the core of RDF is a model for representing named properties and their values. These properties serve both to represent attributes of resources (and in this sense correspond to usual attribute-value-pairs) and to represent relationships between resources. The RDF data model is a syntax-independent way of representing RDF statements. RDF statements that are syntactically very different could mean the same thing. This concept of equivalence in meaning is very important when performing queries, aggregation and a number of other tasks at which RDF is aimed. The equivalence is defined in a clean machine understandable way. Two pieces of RDF are equivalent if and only if their corresponding data model representations are the same. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. RDF Data Model 3. RDF Grammar 4. Signed RDF 5. Examples 6. Appendix A: Brief Explanation of XML Namespaces

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Abstract

The flexibility and extensibility of XML have largely contributed to its wide acceptance beyond the traditional realm of SGML. Yet, there is still one more obstacle to be overcome before XML is able to become the evangelized universal data/document format. The obstacle is posed by the limitations of the legacy standard for constraining the contents of an XML document. The traditionally used DTD (document type definition) format does not lend itself to be used in the wide variety of applications XML is capable of handling. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has charged the XML schema working group with the task of developing a schema language to replace DTD. This XML schema language is evolving based on early drafts of XML schema languages. Each one of these early efforts adopted a slightly different approach, but all of them were moving in the same direction.

Date

28. 1.2006 19:01:22

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Abstract

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is fast gaining favor as the universal format for data and document exchange -- in effect becoming the lingua franca of the Information Age. Currently, "library information" is at a particular disadvantage on the rapidly evolving World Wide Web. Why? Despite libraries'explorations of web catalogs, scanning projects, digital data repositories, and creation of web pages galore, there remains a digital divide. The core of libraries' data troves are stored in proprietary formats of integrated library systems (ILS) and in the complex and arcane MARC formats -- both restricted chiefly to the province of technical services and systems librarians. Even they are hard-pressed to extract and integrate this wealth of data with resources from outside this rarefied environment. Segregation of library information underlies many difficulties: producing standard bibliographic citations from MARC data, automatically creating new materials lists (including new web resources) on a particular topic, exchanging data with our vendors, and even migrating from one ILS to another. Why do we continue to hobble our potential by embracing these self-imposed limitations? Most ILSs began in libraries, which soon recognized the pitfalls of do-it-yourself solutions. Thus, we wisely anticipated the necessity for standards. However, with the advent of the web, we soon found "our" collections and a flood of new resources appearing in digital format on opposite sides of the divide. If we do not act quickly to integrate library resources with mainstream web resources, we are in grave danger of becoming marginalized

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.14, S.1304-1305 (Z. Holbrooks):"The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its family of enabling technologies (XPath, XPointer, XLink, XSLT, et al.) were the new "new thing" only a couple of years ago. Happily, XML is now a W3C standard, and its enabling technologies are rapidly proliferating and maturing. Together, they are changing the way data is handled an the Web, how legacy data is accessed and leveraged in corporate archives, and offering the Semantic Web community a powerful toolset. Library and information professionals need a basic understanding of what XML is, and what its impacts will be an the library community as content vendors and publishers convert to the new standards. Norman Desmarais aims to provide librarians with an overview of XML and some potential library applications. The ABCs of XML contains the useful basic information that most general XML works cover. It is addressed to librarians, as evidenced by the occasional reference to periodical vendors, MARC, and OPACs. However, librarians without SGML, HTML, database, or programming experience may find the work daunting. The snippets of code-most incomplete and unattended by screenshots to illustrate the result of the code's execution-obscure more often than they enlighten. A single code sample (p. 91, a book purchase order) is immediately recognizable and sensible. There are no figures, illustrations, or screenshots. Subsection headings are used conservatively. Readers are confronted with page after page of unbroken technical text, and occasionally oddly formatted text (in some of the code samples). The author concentrates an commercial products and projects. Library and agency initiatives-for example, the National Institutes of Health HL-7 and U.S. Department of Education's GEM project-are notable for their absence. The Library of Congress USMARC to SGML effort is discussed in chapter 1, which covers the relationship of XML to its parent SGML, the XML processor, and data type definitions, using MARC as its illustrative example. Chapter 3 addresses the stylesheet options for XML, including DSSSL, CSS, and XSL. The Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) was created for use with SGML, and pruned into DSSSL-Lite and further (DSSSL-online). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created for use with HTML. Extensible Style Language (XSL) is a further revision (and extension) of DSSSL-o specifically for use with XML. Discussion of aural stylesheets and Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) round out the chapter.
Tennant's collection covers a variety of well- and lesser-known XML-based pilot and prototype projects undertaken by libraries around the world. Some of the projects included are: Stanford's XMLMARC conversion, Oregon State's use of XML in interlibrary loaning, e-books (California Digital Library) and electronic scholarly publishing (University of Michigan), the Washington Research Library Consortium's XML-based Web Services, and using TEI Lite to support indexing (Halton Hills Public Library). Of the 13 projects presented, nine are sited in academe, three are state library endeavors, and one is an American public library initiative. The projects are gathered into sections grouped by seven library applications: the use of XML in library catalog records, interlibrary loan, cataloging and indexing, collection building, databases, data migration, and systems interoperability. Each project is introduced with a few paragraphs of background information. The project reports-averaging about 13 pages each-include project goals and justification, project description, challenges and lessons learned (successes and failures), future plans, implications of the work, contact information for individual(s) responsible for the project, and relevant Web links and resources. The clear strengths of this collection are in the details and the consistency of presentation. The concise project write-ups flow well and encourage interested readers to follow-up via personal contacts and URLs. The sole weakness is the price. XML in Libraries will excite and inspire institutions and organizations with technically adept staff resources and visionary leaders. Erik Ray has written a how-to book. Unlike most, Learning XML is not aimed at the professional programming community. The intended audience is readers familiar with a structured markup (HTML, TEX, etc.) and Web concepts (hypertext links, data representation). In the first six chapters, Ray introduces XMUs main concepts and tools for writing, viewing, testing, and transforming XML (chapter 1), describes basic syntax (chapter 2), discusses linking with XLink and XPointer (chapter 3), introduces Cascading Style Sheets for use with XML (chapter 4), explains document type definitions (DTDs) and schemas (chapter 5), and covers XSLT stylesheets and XPath (chapter 6). Chapter 7 introduces Unicode, internationalization and language support, including CSS and XSLT encoding. Chapter 8 is an overview of writing software for processing XML, and includes the Perl code for an XML syntax checker. This work is written very accessibly for nonprogrammers. Writers, designers, and students just starting to acquire Web technology skills will find Ray's style approachable. Concepts are introduced in a logical flow, and explained clearly. Code samples (130+), illustrations and screen shots (50+), and numerous tables are distributed throughout the text. Ray uses a modified DocBook DTD and a checkbook example throughout, introducing concepts in early chapters and adding new concepts to them. Readers become familiar with the code and its evolution through repeated exposure. The code for converting the "barebones DocBook" DTD (10 pages of code) to HTML via XSLT stylesheet occupies 19 pages. Both code examples allow the learner to sec an accumulation of snippets incorporated into a sensible whole. While experienced programmers might not need this type of support, nonprogrammers certainly do. Using the checkbook example is an inspired choice: Most of us are familiar with personal checking, even if few of us world build an XML application for it. Learning XML is an excellent textbook. I've used it for several years as a recommended text for adult continuing education courses and workshops."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.14, S.1304-1305 (Z. Holbrooks):"The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its family of enabling technologies (XPath, XPointer, XLink, XSLT, et al.) were the new "new thing" only a couple of years ago. Happily, XML is now a W3C standard, and its enabling technologies are rapidly proliferating and maturing. Together, they are changing the way data is handled an the Web, how legacy data is accessed and leveraged in corporate archives, and offering the Semantic Web community a powerful toolset. Library and information professionals need a basic understanding of what XML is, and what its impacts will be an the library community as content vendors and publishers convert to the new standards. Norman Desmarais aims to provide librarians with an overview of XML and some potential library applications. The ABCs of XML contains the useful basic information that most general XML works cover. It is addressed to librarians, as evidenced by the occasional reference to periodical vendors, MARC, and OPACs. However, librarians without SGML, HTML, database, or programming experience may find the work daunting. The snippets of code-most incomplete and unattended by screenshots to illustrate the result of the code's execution-obscure more often than they enlighten. A single code sample (p. 91, a book purchase order) is immediately recognizable and sensible. There are no figures, illustrations, or screenshots. Subsection headings are used conservatively. Readers are confronted with page after page of unbroken technical text, and occasionally oddly formatted text (in some of the code samples). The author concentrates an commercial products and projects. Library and agency initiatives-for example, the National Institutes of Health HL-7 and U.S. Department of Education's GEM project-are notable for their absence. The Library of Congress USMARC to SGML effort is discussed in chapter 1, which covers the relationship of XML to its parent SGML, the XML processor, and data type definitions, using MARC as its illustrative example. Chapter 3 addresses the stylesheet options for XML, including DSSSL, CSS, and XSL. The Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) was created for use with SGML, and pruned into DSSSL-Lite and further (DSSSL-online). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created for use with HTML. Extensible Style Language (XSL) is a further revision (and extension) of DSSSL-o specifically for use with XML. Discussion of aural stylesheets and Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) round out the chapter.
Tennant's collection covers a variety of well- and lesser-known XML-based pilot and prototype projects undertaken by libraries around the world. Some of the projects included are: Stanford's XMLMARC conversion, Oregon State's use of XML in interlibrary loaning, e-books (California Digital Library) and electronic scholarly publishing (University of Michigan), the Washington Research Library Consortium's XML-based Web Services, and using TEI Lite to support indexing (Halton Hills Public Library). Of the 13 projects presented, nine are sited in academe, three are state library endeavors, and one is an American public library initiative. The projects are gathered into sections grouped by seven library applications: the use of XML in library catalog records, interlibrary loan, cataloging and indexing, collection building, databases, data migration, and systems interoperability. Each project is introduced with a few paragraphs of background information. The project reports-averaging about 13 pages each-include project goals and justification, project description, challenges and lessons learned (successes and failures), future plans, implications of the work, contact information for individual(s) responsible for the project, and relevant Web links and resources. The clear strengths of this collection are in the details and the consistency of presentation. The concise project write-ups flow well and encourage interested readers to follow-up via personal contacts and URLs. The sole weakness is the price. XML in Libraries will excite and inspire institutions and organizations with technically adept staff resources and visionary leaders. Erik Ray has written a how-to book. Unlike most, Learning XML is not aimed at the professional programming community. The intended audience is readers familiar with a structured markup (HTML, TEX, etc.) and Web concepts (hypertext links, data representation). In the first six chapters, Ray introduces XMUs main concepts and tools for writing, viewing, testing, and transforming XML (chapter 1), describes basic syntax (chapter 2), discusses linking with XLink and XPointer (chapter 3), introduces Cascading Style Sheets for use with XML (chapter 4), explains document type definitions (DTDs) and schemas (chapter 5), and covers XSLT stylesheets and XPath (chapter 6). Chapter 7 introduces Unicode, internationalization and language support, including CSS and XSLT encoding. Chapter 8 is an overview of writing software for processing XML, and includes the Perl code for an XML syntax checker. This work is written very accessibly for nonprogrammers. Writers, designers, and students just starting to acquire Web technology skills will find Ray's style approachable. Concepts are introduced in a logical flow, and explained clearly. Code samples (130+), illustrations and screen shots (50+), and numerous tables are distributed throughout the text. Ray uses a modified DocBook DTD and a checkbook example throughout, introducing concepts in early chapters and adding new concepts to them. Readers become familiar with the code and its evolution through repeated exposure. The code for converting the "barebones DocBook" DTD (10 pages of code) to HTML via XSLT stylesheet occupies 19 pages. Both code examples allow the learner to sec an accumulation of snippets incorporated into a sensible whole. While experienced programmers might not need this type of support, nonprogrammers certainly do. Using the checkbook example is an inspired choice: Most of us are familiar with personal checking, even if few of us world build an XML application for it. Learning XML is an excellent textbook. I've used it for several years as a recommended text for adult continuing education courses and workshops."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.14, S.1304-1305 (Z. Holbrooks):"The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its family of enabling technologies (XPath, XPointer, XLink, XSLT, et al.) were the new "new thing" only a couple of years ago. Happily, XML is now a W3C standard, and its enabling technologies are rapidly proliferating and maturing. Together, they are changing the way data is handled an the Web, how legacy data is accessed and leveraged in corporate archives, and offering the Semantic Web community a powerful toolset. Library and information professionals need a basic understanding of what XML is, and what its impacts will be an the library community as content vendors and publishers convert to the new standards. Norman Desmarais aims to provide librarians with an overview of XML and some potential library applications. The ABCs of XML contains the useful basic information that most general XML works cover. It is addressed to librarians, as evidenced by the occasional reference to periodical vendors, MARC, and OPACs. However, librarians without SGML, HTML, database, or programming experience may find the work daunting. The snippets of code-most incomplete and unattended by screenshots to illustrate the result of the code's execution-obscure more often than they enlighten. A single code sample (p. 91, a book purchase order) is immediately recognizable and sensible. There are no figures, illustrations, or screenshots. Subsection headings are used conservatively. Readers are confronted with page after page of unbroken technical text, and occasionally oddly formatted text (in some of the code samples). The author concentrates an commercial products and projects. Library and agency initiatives-for example, the National Institutes of Health HL-7 and U.S. Department of Education's GEM project-are notable for their absence. The Library of Congress USMARC to SGML effort is discussed in chapter 1, which covers the relationship of XML to its parent SGML, the XML processor, and data type definitions, using MARC as its illustrative example. Chapter 3 addresses the stylesheet options for XML, including DSSSL, CSS, and XSL. The Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) was created for use with SGML, and pruned into DSSSL-Lite and further (DSSSL-online). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created for use with HTML. Extensible Style Language (XSL) is a further revision (and extension) of DSSSL-o specifically for use with XML. Discussion of aural stylesheets and Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) round out the chapter.
Tennant's collection covers a variety of well- and lesser-known XML-based pilot and prototype projects undertaken by libraries around the world. Some of the projects included are: Stanford's XMLMARC conversion, Oregon State's use of XML in interlibrary loaning, e-books (California Digital Library) and electronic scholarly publishing (University of Michigan), the Washington Research Library Consortium's XML-based Web Services, and using TEI Lite to support indexing (Halton Hills Public Library). Of the 13 projects presented, nine are sited in academe, three are state library endeavors, and one is an American public library initiative. The projects are gathered into sections grouped by seven library applications: the use of XML in library catalog records, interlibrary loan, cataloging and indexing, collection building, databases, data migration, and systems interoperability. Each project is introduced with a few paragraphs of background information. The project reports-averaging about 13 pages each-include project goals and justification, project description, challenges and lessons learned (successes and failures), future plans, implications of the work, contact information for individual(s) responsible for the project, and relevant Web links and resources. The clear strengths of this collection are in the details and the consistency of presentation. The concise project write-ups flow well and encourage interested readers to follow-up via personal contacts and URLs. The sole weakness is the price. XML in Libraries will excite and inspire institutions and organizations with technically adept staff resources and visionary leaders. Erik Ray has written a how-to book. Unlike most, Learning XML is not aimed at the professional programming community. The intended audience is readers familiar with a structured markup (HTML, TEX, etc.) and Web concepts (hypertext links, data representation). In the first six chapters, Ray introduces XMUs main concepts and tools for writing, viewing, testing, and transforming XML (chapter 1), describes basic syntax (chapter 2), discusses linking with XLink and XPointer (chapter 3), introduces Cascading Style Sheets for use with XML (chapter 4), explains document type definitions (DTDs) and schemas (chapter 5), and covers XSLT stylesheets and XPath (chapter 6). Chapter 7 introduces Unicode, internationalization and language support, including CSS and XSLT encoding. Chapter 8 is an overview of writing software for processing XML, and includes the Perl code for an XML syntax checker. This work is written very accessibly for nonprogrammers. Writers, designers, and students just starting to acquire Web technology skills will find Ray's style approachable. Concepts are introduced in a logical flow, and explained clearly. Code samples (130+), illustrations and screen shots (50+), and numerous tables are distributed throughout the text. Ray uses a modified DocBook DTD and a checkbook example throughout, introducing concepts in early chapters and adding new concepts to them. Readers become familiar with the code and its evolution through repeated exposure. The code for converting the "barebones DocBook" DTD (10 pages of code) to HTML via XSLT stylesheet occupies 19 pages. Both code examples allow the learner to sec an accumulation of snippets incorporated into a sensible whole. While experienced programmers might not need this type of support, nonprogrammers certainly do. Using the checkbook example is an inspired choice: Most of us are familiar with personal checking, even if few of us world build an XML application for it. Learning XML is an excellent textbook. I've used it for several years as a recommended text for adult continuing education courses and workshops."

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Abstract

Using new communication technologies libraries must face continuously new questions, possibilities and expectations. This study discusses library-related aspects of our electronic era and how computer-related data formats affect bibliographic dataprocessing to give a summary of the most important results. First bibliographic formats for the exchange of bibliographic and related information in the machine-readable form between different types of computer systems were created more than 30 years ago. The evolution of information technologies leads to the improvement of computer systems. In addition to the development of computers and media types Internet has a great influence on data structure as well. Since the introduction of MARC bibliographic format, technology of data exchange between computers and between different computer systems has reached a very sophisticated stage and has contributed to the creation of new standards in this field. Today libraries work with this new infrastructure that induces many challenges. One of the most significant challenges is moving from a relatively homogenous bibliographic environment to a diverse one. Despite these challenges such changes are achievable and necessary to exploit possibilities of new metadata and technologies like the Internet and XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML is an open standard, a universal language for data on the Web. XML is nearly six-years-old standard designed for the description and computer-based management of (semi)-structured data and structured texts. XML gives developers the power to deliver structured data from a wide variety of applications and it is also an ideal format from server-to-server transfer of structured data. XML also isn't limited for Internet use and is an especially valuable tool in the field of library. In fact, XML's main strength - organizing information - makes it perfect for exchanging data between different systems. Tools that work with the XML can be used to process XML records without incurring additional costs associated with one's own software development. In addition, XML is also a suitable format for library web services. The Department of Computer-related Graphic Design and Library and Information Sciences of Debrecen University launched the BDML (Bibliographic Description Markup Language) development project in order to standardize bibliogrphic description with the help of XML.

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Abstract

XML, the Extensible Markup Language is a syntax for tagging, or marking-up, textual information. It is a standard, established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that many use when sharing or working with structured information. XML isn't used by itself, but as a tool to create other data-specific markup languages. One benefit to using XML is that it enables these languages to distinguish the content that is being marked up from its presentation, allowing for greater flexibility and data reuse. The library community has embraced XML and uses it as the foundation for many of their own data-specific markup languages. Perhaps the greatest strength of XML is that it is very easy to start working with and yet, in conjunction with many other XML-related standards and technologies, can also be used to develop complex applications.

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Abstract

This entry describes notions and methods for analyzing and modeling documents in an organizational context. A model for the analysis process is provided and methods for data gathering, modeling, and user needs analysis described. The methods have been originally developed and tested during document standardization activities carried out in the Finnish Parliament and ministries. Later the methods have been adopted and adapted in other Finnish organizations in their document management development projects. The methods are intended especially for cases where the goal is to develop an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based solution for document management. This entry emphasizes the importance of analyzing and describing documents in their organizational context.

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Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.5, S.1732-1740

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Date

30. 3.2003 11:06:22

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Abstract

Over the past few years there has been a significant amount of work in the area of cataloging internet resources, primarily using new metadata standards like the Dublin Core, but there has been little work on applying new data description formats like SGML and XML to traditional cataloging practices. What little work has been done in the area of using SGML and XML for traditional bibliographic description has primarily been based on the concept of converting MARC tagging into XML tagging. I suggest that, rather than attempting to convert existing MARC tagging into a new syntax based on SGML or XML, a more fruitful possibility is to return to the cataloging standards and describe their inherent structure, learning from how MARC has been used successfully in modern OPAC while attempting to avoid MARC's rigid field-based restrictions.

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Abstract

There is a widespread perception that, in terms of web-technology, XML is going to be the 'next big thing'. Given the amount of comment that it has generated, it seems to be on its way to achieving that status. But how much of the praise should be taken at face value, and how much of the hype is credible? In the following article we examine some of the claims made about the importance of XML and consider how far the enthusiasm about it can be justified. Will XML cause a revolution that will change the way that everyone uses the Internet, whether as searchers or data creators? Or is it a tool for certain types of e-commerce and large-scale markup, which may not have a significant impact on the majority of web users?

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Abstract

Seit dem 22. Februar 1999 ist das Resource Description Framework (RDF) als W3C-Empfehlung verfügbar. Doch was steckt hinter diesem Standard, der das Zeitalter des Semantischen Webs einläuten soll? Was RDF bedeutet, wozu man es einsetzt, welche Vorteile es gegenüber XML hat und wie man RDF anwendet, soll in diesem Artikel erläutert werden.

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Date

30. 3.2003 10:50:22

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Footnote

Rez. in: XML Magazin und Web Services 2003, H.1, S.14 (S. Meyen): "Seit dem 22. Februar 1999 ist das Resource Description Framework (RDF) als W3C-Empfehlung verfügbar. Doch was steckt hinter diesem Standard, der das Zeitalter des Semantischen Webs einläuten soll? Was RDF bedeutet, wozu man es einsetzt, welche Vorteile es gegenüber XML hat und wie man RDF anwendet, soll in diesem Artikel erläutert werden. Schlägt man das Buch auf und beginnt, im EinleitungsKapitel zu schmökern, fällt sogleich ins Auge, dass der Leser nicht mit Lektionen im Stile von "bei XML sind die spitzen Klammern ganz wichtig" belehrt wird, obgleich es sich um ein Buch für Anfänger handelt. Im Gegenteil: Es geht gleich zur Sache und eine gesunde Mischung an Vorkenntnissen wird vorausgesetzt. Wer sich heute für XML interessiert, der hat ja mit 99-prozentiger Wahrscheinlichkeit schon seine einschlägigen Erfahrungen mit HTML und dem Web gemacht und ist kein Newbie in dem Reich der spitzen Klammern und der (einigermaßen) wohlformatierten Dokumente. Und hier liegt eine deutliche Stärke des Werkes Helmut Vonhoegens, der seinen Einsteiger-Leser recht gut einzuschätzen weiß und ihn daher praxisnah und verständlich ans Thema heranführt. Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Document Type Definition (DTD) und beschreibt deren Einsatzziele und Verwendungsweisen. Doch betont der Autor hier unablässig die Begrenztheit dieses Ansatzes, welche den Ruf nach einem neuen Konzept deutlich macht: XML Schema, welches er im folgenden Kapitel darstellt. Ein recht ausführliches Kapitel widmet sich dann dem relativ aktuellen XML Schema-Konzept und erläutert dessen Vorzüge gegenüber der DTD (Modellierung komplexer Datenstrukturen, Unterstützung zahlreicher Datentypen, Zeichenbegrenzungen u.v.m.). XML Schema legt, so erfährt der Leser, wie die alte DTD, das Vokabular und die zulässige Grammatik eines XML-Dokuments fest, ist aber seinerseits ebenfalls ein XML-Dokument und kann (bzw. sollte) wie jedes andere XML auf Wohlgeformtheit überprüft werden. Weitere Kapitel behandeln die Navigations-Standards XPath, XLink und XPointer, Transformationen mit XSLT und XSL und natürlich die XML-Programmierschnittstellen DOM und SAX. Dabei kommen verschiedene Implementierungen zum Einsatz und erfreulicherweise werden Microsoft-Ansätze auf der einen und Java/Apache-Projekte auf der anderen Seite in ungefähr vergleichbarem Umfang vorgestellt. Im letzten Kapitel schließlich behandelt Vonhoegen die obligatorischen Web Services ("Webdienste") als Anwendungsfall von XML und demonstriert ein kleines C#- und ASP-basiertes Beispiel (das Java-Äquivalent mit Apache Axis fehlt leider). "Einstieg in XML" präsentiert seinen Stoff in klar verständlicher Form und versteht es, seine Leser auf einem guten Niveau "abzuholen". Es bietet einen guten Überblick über die Grundlagen von XML und kann - zumindest derzeit noch - mit recht hoher Aktualität aufwarten."

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Date

22. 6.2005 15:12:11