Search (37 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Terminology is essential for professional discourse, and therefore for professional communication. Without such communication there is no transfer of knowledge, and hence training and development become impossible. The question therefore is how to develop terminology. In Scandinavian countries terminology planning is a well established concept within the context of linguistic planning and national linguistic policy. In other countries the concept is hardly known, with the exception of standardization. The Scandinavian NORDTERM network, established in 1976, offers a proven model for encouraging regional terminological development

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Terminology as a factor in development

Source

Revista interamericana de bibliotecologia. 19(1996) no.1, S.7-29

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Abstract

Discusses a number of definitions of information management and information resources management and describes the historical development of information management from printed paper to information resources to strategic information management. States the need for research into the establishment of theoretical systematization

Date

29. 1.1996 16:01:59

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Concepts and historical development of information management and information resources management

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Abstract

Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

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Abstract

Discusses the development of the concept of documentation throughout the history of the human race, one that has been the subject of much written research both within and outside Spain. Defines the concept in general terms and discusses it from a scientific, informational, linguistic, and educational perspective. Explains what the term information sciences encompasses

Date

29. 1.1996 16:01:59

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Abstract

Reports results of an automated search of the term 'information technology' and 20 related terms in the ERIC database, 1982-1991, which revealed data related to: scientific production relating to information technology; core journals; types of documents; types of authors and their output; sponsoring institutions; publishing output by country; desciptors; and related terms. The following bibliometric laws are applied: Bradford's law; Lotka's law; and Spearman's and Pearson's laws. Provides an insight into the role of bibliometrics as a scientific discipline for the study of the development of new technologies and their impact on information activity

Date

29. 1.1996 16:01:59

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Abstract

Information science is best defined as a discipline in terms of the problems it addresses. Its origins date back to the scientific and technical revolution after the 2nd World War, and its development has been essentially characterised by interdisciplinarity. Librarianship, computer science, cognitive science and communication studies all share interests with infomation science, but with increasing emphasis on the information society and the information industry dictated by technological imparatives, information science is now at a critical point in its evolution. The problem it sets out to solve are not decreasing but changing, with the pressure to improve access to an ever increasing store of knowledge. The social need for information science is evident, whatever the name given to the knowledge and skills which it encompasses

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

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Abstract

Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

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Abstract

Analyses the concept of a user friendly interface together with the key position it occupies in information retrieval systems: the control of intercation with the human operator, and the optimisation of the relationship between them. Proposes a definition of friendliness to ensure the proper evaluation of an interface. Traces a schematic history of the human-machine interface develoment and considers its cognitive backgrounds and development techniques. Discusses 3 innovative prototypes in the field of bibliographic information: Icarus; The BookHouse; and Okapi. Considers the future development of interaction between bibliographic information systems and users

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Abstract

Considers historical and systematic approaches to the development of documentary languages and knowledge classification. Proposes an alternative scheme for knowledge organisation based on the views of information managers and scientific classification structures. The adoption of an interdisciplinary approach permits an understanding of the history of knowledge organisation and the development of systems and methods of taxonomy. The origin of hierarchical and associative structures for documentary languages is traditionally the domain of librarians. Classification schemes should be able to survive change and subject integration

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Abstract

An examination of the chief developments over the last decade, covering the revisions of the standards for monographs (M), serials (S), cartographic materials (CM); and non-book materials (NBM) published in 1987; and revisions of antiquarian (A) and printed music (PM) standards published in 1991. The process of development of new standards for computer files (CF) and component parts (CP), and the creation of a concise version for mongraphy, is discussed in detail, in the overall perspective of illustrating why ISBD has gained international acceptance. The consultative process of creation and willingness to accomodate diverse cultural, linguistic and bibliographical traditions is the basis, together with universal recognition of the need for standardisation for conversion and use of computerised data. Future developments will focus on standardisation of exchange formats (MARC)

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: ISBD revisions, development and perspectives

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Abstract

Account of the development of ISBD for cataloguing, focusing chiefly on the IFLA programme initiated at the International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts held in Copenhagen in 1969, which resulted in the 1974 1st official ed. of ISBD(M) for monographs. Versions were developed separately for serials (S), cartographic materials (CM) and non-book materials (NBM), resulting in incompatibilities resolved by the creation of a new general ISBD structure (G) in 1977. Since then new editions of (M), (S), (CM) and (NBM) have been produced, together with versions for printed music (PM) and ancient materials (A). The basic concepts of independence and uniformity underpin ISBD structure

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Abstract

Discussion of the ontological status of library science, drawing on theoretical perspectives derived from Aristotle, Husserl, Heidegger and Marx. The objects and laws of library science as part of the social sciences are widely disputed. Library science is concerned with elements in the real world - documents, libraries, users - and has its roots in the human need for self-knowldge through documents as the objectivisation of the human spirit. Essentially a practical discipline, library science also has a theoretical basis reflecting objective relations between objective elements: its future development will be determined by its continuing adaptation so as to satisfy human needs

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Content

Report of a concluding session at the 14th colloquy on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, to discuss issues raised by the formal sessions on theoretical and philosophical problems. Three main themes emerged: (1) library science does have specific status although its specific limits, concepts and terminology are not agreed; (2) the ethical aspects, especially the question of the moral responsibilities of the leaders of the library science community, give rise to concern especially in relation to teaching curricula; and (3) the relation between information technology and society, which should ensure priority goes to the social aspects of library science in aiding human development

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Abstract

Bradford's law is widely used in collection development to identify the most productive periodicals, but does nott take into account the variables of frequency of publication and number of years of publication during a particular time span. Hence not all periodicals necessarily have the same opportunity to publish relevant articles. To test this hypothesis, the productivity of American sociology periodicals during 1987-91 was analysed and shown to correlate with frequency of publication and number of years of publication, giving a more accurate representation than using Bradford's law as originally formulated

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Abstract

Reproduces the opening session of the Madrid Conference on 'Foundations of Information Science' organized by the university Carlos III of Madrid and the University of Saragossa, in July 94. This conference was an attempt to rescue information as a central scientific tool and put it into a new context so as to serve as a basis for a fundamental disciplinary development. The novelty of the conference was that, instead of attempting a precise 'atomic' definition, information was understood as related to a widespread network of processes potentially involving the integration of subatomic molecular, cellular, computational, human and social occurences, demanding both a unifying and a multiperspective approach

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Abstract

Shows the possibilities that exist to create a basic hypertext interface for a thesaurus management system. The project has been built in 3 stages: conceptual data model for the thesaurus; development of the management tools, that is, the thesaurus management system; and the hypertext interfaces. The system has been developed on Windows and combines the power of relational database management systems and the navigational flexibility of Guide, a hypertext shell. presents 2 interface models. Concludes that hypertext interfaces improve management, and open a new path for knowledge organization research

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Abstract

The development of indexing languages to exploit the potential of new information and communication technology is based on the use of controlled vocabulary acting as a bridge between the languages of the author, user and indexer. Such conceptual models eliminate ambiguity and permit generic searching, in contrast to free text approaches. The most efficient type of controlled language is the thesaurus, which is comprehensible to end users, accepts modifications and is structured generically. The Latin American Library and Information Thesaurus now being developed highlights the need for a standardised language for professionals in LAtin America, where use of the common language, Spanish, differs between countries

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Abstract

The development of new technologies in the last few decades has directly influenced the organization of technical services and the way they carry out so called 'technical tasks'. One of the most recent examples is the use of the Internet for technical work. Offers a selective presentation of resources available on the Internet for the personnel of technical services generally, and especially for acquisitions and cataloguing. Presents a summary review of how Internet resources are being used to the advantage of technical services in Catalan academic libraries. The 2nd part of the article will look at Internet resources intended for the processing of specific materials such as serials, electronic resources, special collections, etc.

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Abstract

This article examines some of the ways in which the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas of El Colegio de Mexico is responding to meet goals stated in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico's 1997-2000 Development Plan. The Plan aims to prepare students for life-long learning by teaching them reasoning and questioning skills as well a competencies in selecting, organizing and processing information from diverse systems and sources. It notes the need to discover the skill library professionals must have in order to assist patrons effectively to become self-sufficient users of information. The environment examined is one where most college and university students are products of a very traditional primary and secondary educational system that emphasizes learning through the use of class lectures and assigned textbooks rather than research and self-discovery. The author points out the need for library professionals in Mexico's institutions of higher education to teach students how to learn to access and process information themselves in order to transform this information into knowledge they can use. Some of the administrative changes made at the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas to accomplish this are described. These include: more participation by library professionals in planning; favoring matrical organization between departments and projects and making decisions in a more collegial fashion; subject specialization by library professionals who select, catalog, classify and give service in a specific area; and incorporation of the user into the evaluation of existing processes and services and the creation of new ones which favor a more efficacious development of their information skills. The author concludes by proposing three basic principles to guide the re-engineering process that must be undertaken by academic libraries if they are to survive and seek to shape the future of information technology rather than just responding to the challenges it presents. These principles are: the value which accrues to information by transforming it into knowledge can be analyzed systematically; the value which accrues to technology is incremented by the degree to which it is accepted by library professionals and users; and this acceptance is a function of other variables which can be understood and controlled, especially the frequency of use resulting in the development of information skills. The improvement of information skills of library professionals and users therefore constitutes the principles objective of technological integration

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Abstract

Library science has no strong scientific image bacause it lacks a consistent theoretical framework. The key element is information, information is knowlegde, and library science is knowledge in the service of society. Society itself is sustained by development, information and ideology, with information as the transforming element. Because of the universal need for information, library science is increasingly valued. The great problem is to delimit the object of study because of its vast area of application. The goals of library science are utopian, bound up with making information available to everyone in the best possible way. But although developments suchg as the Internet seem able to make this possible, in reality computerised information is available only to a minority