-
Scholarship and technology in the humanities : Proceedings of the Conference on Scholarship and Technology in the Humanities, Elvatham Hall, Hampshire, UK, 9-12 May 90 (1991)
0.15
0.15414496 = product of:
0.3391189 = sum of:
0.013193856 = weight(_text_:of in 6590) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013193856 = score(doc=6590,freq=4.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24433708 = fieldWeight in 6590, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6590)
0.107710965 = weight(_text_:technological in 6590) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.107710965 = score(doc=6590,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.58705115 = fieldWeight in 6590, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6590)
0.17636572 = weight(_text_:innovations in 6590) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.17636572 = score(doc=6590,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.75119567 = fieldWeight in 6590, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6590)
0.018455777 = weight(_text_:on in 6590) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018455777 = score(doc=6590,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24300331 = fieldWeight in 6590, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6590)
0.023392577 = product of:
0.046785153 = sum of:
0.046785153 = weight(_text_:22 in 6590) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046785153 = score(doc=6590,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 6590, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6590)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
- Abstract
- The aim of the conference was to discuss the opportunities and challenges offered by technological innovations and resources to humanities scholars and researchers
- Date
- 25. 2.1997 10:22:02
-
Lorca, P.; Andrées, J. de; Martínez, A.B.: Size and culture as determinants of the web policy of listed firms : the case of web accessibility in Western European countries (2012)
0.14
0.14330123 = product of:
0.3152627 = sum of:
0.06316024 = weight(_text_:higher in 4981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06316024 = score(doc=4981,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34821182 = fieldWeight in 4981, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4981)
0.111231856 = weight(_text_:effect in 4981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.111231856 = score(doc=4981,freq=6.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.6081582 = fieldWeight in 4981, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4981)
0.01939093 = weight(_text_:of in 4981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01939093 = score(doc=4981,freq=24.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.3591007 = fieldWeight in 4981, product of:
4.8989797 = tf(freq=24.0), with freq of:
24.0 = termFreq=24.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4981)
0.105819434 = weight(_text_:innovations in 4981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.105819434 = score(doc=4981,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.45071742 = fieldWeight in 4981, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4981)
0.015660247 = weight(_text_:on in 4981) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015660247 = score(doc=4981,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.20619515 = fieldWeight in 4981, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4981)
0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
- Abstract
- Web accessibility (WA) is an innovation in Web design; it can be considered as part of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy of the firms. As adoption of innovations and CSR commitment are linked with firm size and national culture/legislation, we hypothesize that size and national culture/legislation, may have an effect on WA level. The authors studied an international sample made up of companies included in EUROSTOXX600 (The STOXX Europe 600 Index). The main results suggest that both size and culture have a significant effect on WA. Large firms as well as Anglo-Saxon companies are more prone to have higher WA levels. A deeper analysis, which was done through the estimation of quantile regression equations, showed that the influence of size is significant for companies trying to excel or for those trying to avoid the worst WA. However, the effect of size is significant only in the lowest part of the conditional distribution.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.2, S.392-405
-
Joint, N.: Web 2.0 and the library : a transformational technology? (2010)
0.11
0.109612614 = product of:
0.24114774 = sum of:
0.060546953 = weight(_text_:effect in 4202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.060546953 = score(doc=4202,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.33103937 = fieldWeight in 4202, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4202)
0.015386548 = weight(_text_:of in 4202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015386548 = score(doc=4202,freq=34.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.28494355 = fieldWeight in 4202, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4202)
0.14109258 = weight(_text_:innovations in 4202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.14109258 = score(doc=4202,freq=8.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.60095656 = fieldWeight in 4202, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4202)
0.014764623 = weight(_text_:on in 4202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014764623 = score(doc=4202,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.19440265 = fieldWeight in 4202, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4202)
0.0093570305 = product of:
0.018714061 = sum of:
0.018714061 = weight(_text_:22 in 4202) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018714061 = score(doc=4202,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 4202, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4202)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
- Abstract
- Purpose - This paper is the final one in a series which has tried to give an overview of so-called transformational areas of digital library technology. The aim has been to assess how much real transformation these applications can bring about, in terms of creating genuine user benefit and also changing everyday library practice. Design/methodology/approach - The paper provides a summary of some of the legal and ethical issues associated with web 2.0 applications in libraries, associated with a brief retrospective view of some relevant literature. Findings - Although web 2.0 innovations have had a massive impact on the larger World Wide Web, the practical impact on library service delivery has been limited to date. What probably can be termed transformational in the effect of web 2.0 developments on library and information work is their effect on some underlying principles of professional practice. Research limitations/implications - The legal and ethical challenges of incorporating web 2.0 platforms into mainstream institutional service delivery need to be subject to further research, so that the risks associated with these innovations are better understood at the strategic and policy-making level. Practical implications - This paper makes some recommendations about new principles of library and information practice which will help practitioners make better sense of these innovations in their overall information environment. Social implications - The paper puts in context some of the more problematic social impacts of web 2.0 innovations, without denying the undeniable positive contribution of social networking to the sphere of human interactivity. Originality/value - This paper raises some cautionary points about web 2.0 applications without adopting a precautionary approach of total prohibition. However, none of the suggestions or analysis in this piece should be considered to constitute legal advice. If such advice is required, the reader should consult appropriate legal professionals.
- Date
- 22. 1.2011 17:54:04
-
Jansen, B.J.; Liu, Z.; Simon, Z.: ¬The effect of ad rank on the performance of keyword advertising campaigns (2013)
0.10
0.09512625 = product of:
0.2615972 = sum of:
0.05263353 = weight(_text_:higher in 1095) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05263353 = score(doc=1095,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2901765 = fieldWeight in 1095, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1095)
0.16054934 = weight(_text_:effect in 1095) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.16054934 = score(doc=1095,freq=18.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.87780064 = fieldWeight in 1095, product of:
4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
18.0 = termFreq=18.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1095)
0.019233186 = weight(_text_:of in 1095) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019233186 = score(doc=1095,freq=34.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.35617945 = fieldWeight in 1095, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1095)
0.029181147 = weight(_text_:on in 1095) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029181147 = score(doc=1095,freq=20.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.38422197 = fieldWeight in 1095, product of:
4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
20.0 = termFreq=20.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1095)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- The goal of this research is to evaluate the effect of ad rank on the performance of keyword advertising campaigns. We examined a large-scale data file comprised of nearly 7,000,000 records spanning 33 consecutive months of a major US retailer's search engine marketing campaign. The theoretical foundation is serial position effect to explain searcher behavior when interacting with ranked ad listings. We control for temporal effects and use one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tamhane's T2 tests to examine the effect of ad rank on critical keyword advertising metrics, including clicks, cost-per-click, sales revenue, orders, items sold, and advertising return on investment. Our findings show significant ad rank effect on most of those metrics, although less effect on conversion rates. A primacy effect was found on both clicks and sales, indicating a general compelling performance of top-ranked ads listed on the first results page. Conversion rates, on the other hand, follow a relatively stable distribution except for the top 2 ads, which had significantly higher conversion rates. However, examining conversion potential (the effect of both clicks and conversion rate), we show that ad rank has a significant effect on the performance of keyword advertising campaigns. Conversion potential is a more accurate measure of the impact of an ad's position. In fact, the first ad position generates about 80% of the total profits, after controlling for advertising costs. In addition to providing theoretical grounding, the research results reported in this paper are beneficial to companies using search engine marketing as they strive to design more effective advertising campaigns.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(2013) no.10, S.2115-2132
-
¬The digital information revolution: [key presentations] : Superhighway symposium, FEI/EURIM Conference, November 16th & 17th 1994 [at the Central Hall, Westminster.] (1995)
0.09
0.09424485 = product of:
0.51834667 = sum of:
0.17106849 = weight(_text_:great in 8) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.17106849 = score(doc=8,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.87980926 = fieldWeight in 8, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8)
0.34727818 = sum of:
0.30049303 = weight(_text_:britain in 8) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.30049303 = score(doc=8,freq=4.0), product of:
0.25769958 = queryWeight, product of:
7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
1.1660595 = fieldWeight in 8, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8)
0.046785153 = weight(_text_:22 in 8) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046785153 = score(doc=8,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 8, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=8)
0.18181819 = coord(2/11)
- COMPASS
- Great Britain
- Date
- 22.10.2006 18:22:51
- Subject
- Great Britain
-
Tseng, G.; Poulter, A.; Hiom, D.: ¬The library and information professional's guide to the Internet (1997)
0.09
0.09017577 = product of:
0.3306445 = sum of:
0.009329465 = weight(_text_:of in 2859) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009329465 = score(doc=2859,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.17277241 = fieldWeight in 2859, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2859)
0.17106849 = weight(_text_:great in 2859) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.17106849 = score(doc=2859,freq=4.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.87980926 = fieldWeight in 2859, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2859)
0.15024652 = product of:
0.30049303 = sum of:
0.30049303 = weight(_text_:britain in 2859) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.30049303 = score(doc=2859,freq=4.0), product of:
0.25769958 = queryWeight, product of:
7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
1.1660595 = fieldWeight in 2859, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
7.462781 = idf(docFreq=68, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2859)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.2, S.150-151 (R. Yeates)
- LCSH
- Information science / Great Britain / Computer network / resources
- Subject
- Information science / Great Britain / Computer network / resources
-
Robins, D.; Holmes, J.: Aesthetics and credibility in web site design (2008)
0.08
0.0847667 = product of:
0.23310842 = sum of:
0.10939674 = weight(_text_:higher in 2039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10939674 = score(doc=2039,freq=6.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.60312057 = fieldWeight in 2039, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2039)
0.090820424 = weight(_text_:effect in 2039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.090820424 = score(doc=2039,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.49655905 = fieldWeight in 2039, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2039)
0.013711456 = weight(_text_:of in 2039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013711456 = score(doc=2039,freq=12.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.25392252 = fieldWeight in 2039, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2039)
0.01917981 = weight(_text_:on in 2039) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01917981 = score(doc=2039,freq=6.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.25253648 = fieldWeight in 2039, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2039)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Web sites often provide the first impression of an organization. For many organizations, web sites are crucial to ensure sales or to procure services within. When a person opens a web site, the first impression is probably made in a few seconds, and the user will either stay or move on to the next site on the basis of many factors. One of the factors that may influence users to stay or go is the page aesthetics. Another reason may involve a user's judgment about the site's credibility. This study explores the possible link between page aesthetics and a user's judgment of the site's credibility. Our findings indicate that when the same content is presented using different levels of aesthetic treatment, the content with a higher aesthetic treatment was judged as having higher credibility. We call this the amelioration effect of visual design and aesthetics on content credibility. Our study suggests that this effect is operational within the first few seconds in which a user views a web page. Given the same content, a higher aesthetic treatment will increase perceived credibility.
-
Rackley, M.: Internet Archive (2009)
0.08
0.081757806 = product of:
0.22483397 = sum of:
0.0130612515 = weight(_text_:of in 3823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0130612515 = score(doc=3823,freq=8.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24188137 = fieldWeight in 3823, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3823)
0.07539768 = weight(_text_:technological in 3823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07539768 = score(doc=3823,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.41093582 = fieldWeight in 3823, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3823)
0.12345601 = weight(_text_:innovations in 3823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12345601 = score(doc=3823,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.525837 = fieldWeight in 3823, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3823)
0.012919044 = weight(_text_:on in 3823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.012919044 = score(doc=3823,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.17010231 = fieldWeight in 3823, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3823)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- This entry describes the history of the Internet Archive from its founding in 1996 to its two billion page crawl in 2007. It describes the key individuals and organizations involved in the Archive's work and the technological innovations that make the Archive possible, such as the ARC file format, Heritrix, and the Wayback Machine. The focus of this entry is primarily the Internet Archive's Web archiving activities and collections, but it also briefly discusses the Archive's other activities and the impact it has had on the fields of library and information science and the public in general.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Internet publishing and beyond : the economics of digital information and intellectual property ; a publication of the Harvard Information Infrastructure Project in collab. with the School of Information Management and Systems at the Univ. of California at Berkeley (2000)
0.08
0.08025896 = product of:
0.29428282 = sum of:
0.0130612515 = weight(_text_:of in 526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0130612515 = score(doc=526,freq=8.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24188137 = fieldWeight in 526, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=526)
0.10662842 = weight(_text_:technological in 526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10662842 = score(doc=526,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.581151 = fieldWeight in 526, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=526)
0.17459315 = weight(_text_:innovations in 526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.17459315 = score(doc=526,freq=4.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.7436458 = fieldWeight in 526, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=526)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- LCSH
- Technological innovations / Economic aspects
- Subject
- Technological innovations / Economic aspects
-
Mountifield, H.M.; Brakel, P.A. v.: Network-based electronic journals : a new source of information (1994)
0.08
0.07854047 = product of:
0.21598628 = sum of:
0.018281942 = weight(_text_:of in 8419) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018281942 = score(doc=8419,freq=12.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.33856338 = fieldWeight in 8419, product of:
3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
12.0 = termFreq=12.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8419)
0.08616877 = weight(_text_:technological in 8419) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08616877 = score(doc=8419,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.46964094 = fieldWeight in 8419, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8419)
0.014764623 = weight(_text_:on in 8419) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014764623 = score(doc=8419,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.19440265 = fieldWeight in 8419, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8419)
0.09677095 = weight(_text_:great in 8419) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09677095 = score(doc=8419,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.49769527 = fieldWeight in 8419, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8419)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- An alternative publishing system for scholarly communication and information is emerging on international computer networks such as Internet and Bitnet. This is evident as a growing number of electronic periodicals (e-journals) provide scholarly articles, columns and reviews and have advantages over print publications, such as the speed of publication and dissemination. Electronic periodicals hold great promise, but technological problems and academic acceptance could limit their effectiveness. Some examples of electronic periodicals were investigated as well as the advantages and problems currently associated with this new source of information
- Source
- South African journal of library and information science. 62(1994) no.1, S.28-33
-
Floridi, L.: ¬The Internet: which future for organised knowledge : Frankenstein or Pygmalion? (1996)
0.07
0.07432064 = product of:
0.20438175 = sum of:
0.0184714 = weight(_text_:of in 4705) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0184714 = score(doc=4705,freq=16.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34207192 = fieldWeight in 4705, product of:
4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
16.0 = termFreq=16.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4705)
0.07539768 = weight(_text_:technological in 4705) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07539768 = score(doc=4705,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.41093582 = fieldWeight in 4705, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4705)
0.025838088 = weight(_text_:on in 4705) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025838088 = score(doc=4705,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34020463 = fieldWeight in 4705, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4705)
0.08467458 = weight(_text_:great in 4705) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08467458 = score(doc=4705,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.43548337 = fieldWeight in 4705, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4705)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Based on a paper presented at the UNESCO Philosophy Forum International Conference, Paris, 14-17 March 1995. Presents the basic ideas underlying the provision of information services on the Internet: digital discrimination; disappearance of the great compilers; emergence of the computerized scholar; stored knowledge on the Internet becoming greater than that which can be accessed; accessible knowledge becoming greater than that which can be managed; digital parricide; the need to increase access to the Internet to avoid the rise of a new technological elite; emergence of a new language of the encyclopedia; pollution of the intellectual space on the Internet; and the issue of decentralization versus fragmentation
-
Bruce, H.: ¬The user's view of the Internet (2002)
0.07
0.067924805 = product of:
0.12452881 = sum of:
0.022705106 = weight(_text_:effect in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.022705106 = score(doc=4344,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.12413976 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.018192457 = weight(_text_:of in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018192457 = score(doc=4344,freq=338.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.3369062 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
18.384777 = tf(freq=338.0), with freq of:
338.0 = termFreq=338.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.016156644 = weight(_text_:technological in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016156644 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.088057674 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.045821164 = weight(_text_:innovations in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.045821164 = score(doc=4344,freq=6.0), product of:
0.23478 = queryWeight, product of:
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.19516638 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.018144554 = weight(_text_:great in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018144554 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.09331787 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.0035088863 = product of:
0.0070177726 = sum of:
0.0070177726 = weight(_text_:22 in 4344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.0070177726 = score(doc=4344,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.058035173 = fieldWeight in 4344, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.01171875 = fieldNorm(doc=4344)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.54545456 = coord(6/11)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST. 54(2003) no.9, S.906-908 (E.G. Ackermann): "In this book Harry Bruce provides a construct or view of "how and why people are using the Internet," which can be used "to inform the design of new services and to augment our usings of the Internet" (pp. viii-ix; see also pp. 183-184). In the process, he develops an analytical tool that I term the Metatheory of Circulating Usings, and proves an impressive distillation of a vast quantity of research data from previous studies. The book's perspective is explicitly user-centered, as is its theoretical bent. The book is organized into a preface, acknowledgments, and five chapters (Chapter 1, "The Internet Story;" Chapter 2, "Technology and People;" Chapter 3, "A Focus an Usings;" Chapter 4, "Users of the Internet;" Chapter 5, "The User's View of the Internet"), followed by an extensive bibliography and short index. Any notes are found at the end of the relevant Chapter. The book is illustrated with figures and tables, which are clearly presented and labeled. The text is clearly written in a conversational style, relatively jargon-free, and contains no quantification. The intellectual structure follows that of the book for the most part, with some exceptions. The definition of several key concepts or terms are scattered throughout the book, often appearing much later after extensive earlier use. For example, "stakeholders" used repeatedly from p. viii onward, remains undefined until late in the book (pp. 175-176). The study's method is presented in Chapter 3 (p. 34), relatively late in the book. Its metatheoretical basis is developed in two widely separated places (Chapter 3, pp. 56-61, and Chapter 5, pp. 157-159) for no apparent reason. The goal or purpose of presenting the data in Chapter 4 is explained after its presentation (p. 129) rather than earlier with the limits of the data (p. 69). Although none of these problems are crippling to the book, it does introduce an element of unevenness into the flow of the narrative that can confuse the reader and unnecessarily obscures the author's intent. Bruce provides the contextual Background of the book in Chapter 1 (The Internet Story) in the form of a brief history of the Internet followed by a brief delineation of the early popular views of the Internet as an information superstructure. His recapitulation of the origins and development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in 1957 to 1995 touches an the highlights of this familiar story that will not be retold here. The early popular views or characterizations of the Internet as an "information society" or "information superhighway" revolved primarily around its function as an information infrastructure (p. 13). These views shared three main components (technology, political values, and implied information values) as well as a set of common assumptions. The technology aspect focused an the Internet as a "common ground an which digital information products and services achieve interoperability" (p. 14). The political values provided a "vision of universal access to distributed information resources and the benefits that this will bring to the lives of individual people and to society in general" (p. 14). The implied communication and information values portrayed the Internet as a "medium for human creativity and innovation" (p. 14). These popular views also assumed that "good decisions arise from good information," that "good democracy is based an making information available to all sectors of society," and that "wisdom is the by-product of effective use of information" (p. 15). Therefore, because the Internet is an information infrastructure, it must be "good and using the Internet will benefit individuals and society in general" (p. 15).
Chapter 2 (Technology and People) focuses an several theories of technological acceptance and diffusion. Unfortunately, Bruce's presentation is somewhat confusing as he moves from one theory to next, never quite connecting them into a logical sequence or coherent whole. Two theories are of particular interest to Bruce: the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Planned Behavior. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovations is an "information-centric view of technology acceptance" in which technology adopters are placed in the information flows of society from which they learn about innovations and "drive innovation adoption decisions" (p. 20). The Theory of Planned Behavior maintains that the "performance of a behavior is a joint function of intentions and perceived behavioral control" (i.e., how muck control a person thinks they have) (pp. 22-23). Bruce combines these two theories to form the basis for the Technology Acceptance Model. This model posits that "an individual's acceptance of information technology is based an beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors" (p. 24). In all these theories and models echoes a recurring theme: "individual perceptions of the innovation or technology are critical" in terms of both its characteristics and its use (pp. 24-25). From these, in turn, Bruce derives a predictive theory of the role personal perceptions play in technology adoption: Personal Innovativeness of Information Technology Adoption (PIITA). Personal inventiveness is defined as "the willingness of an individual to try out any new information technology" (p. 26). In general, the PIITA theory predicts that information technology will be adopted by individuals that have a greater exposure to mass media, rely less an the evaluation of information technology by others, exhibit a greater ability to cope with uncertainty and take risks, and requires a less positive perception of an information technology prior to its adoption. Chapter 3 (A Focus an Usings) introduces the User-Centered Paradigm (UCP). The UCP is characteristic of the shift of emphasis from technology to users as the driving force behind technology and research agendas for Internet development [for a dissenting view, see Andrew Dillion's (2003) challenge to the utility of user-centerness for design guidance]. It entails the "broad acceptance of the user-oriented perspective across a range of disciplines and professional fields," such as business, education, cognitive engineering, and information science (p. 34).
The UCP's effect an business practices is focused mainly in the management and marketing areas. Marketing experienced a shift from "product-oriented operations" with its focus an "selling the products' features" and customer contact only at the point of sale toward more service-Centered business practice ("customer Jemand orientation") and the development of one-to-one customer relationships (pp. 35-36). For management, the adoption of the UCP caused a shift from "mechanistic, bureaucratic, top-down organizational structures" to "flatter, inclusive, and participative" ones (p. 37). In education, practice shifted from the teachercentered model where the "teacher is responsible for and makes all the decisions related to the learning environment" to a learnercentered model where the student is "responsible for his or her own learning" and the teacher focuses an "matching learning events to the individual skills, aptitudes, and interests of the individual learner" (pp. 38-39). Cognitive engineering saw the rise of "user-Centered design" and human factors that were concerned with applying "scientific knowledge of humans to the design of man-machine interface systems" (p. 44). The UCP had a great effect an Information Science in the "design of information systems" (p. 47). Previous to UCP's explicit proposed by Brenda Dervin and M. Nilan in 1986, systems design was dominated by the "physical of system oriented paradigm" (p. 48). The physical paradigm held a positivistic and materialistic view of technology and (passive) human interaction as exemplified by the 1953 Cranfield tests of information retrieval mechanisms. Instead, the UCP focuses an "users rather than systems" by making the perceptions of individual information users the "centerpiece consideration for information service and system design" (pp. 47-48). Bruce briefly touches an the various schools of thought within user-oriented paradigm, such as the cognitive/self studies approach with its emphasis is an an individual's knowledge structures or model of the world [e.g., Belkin (1990)], the cognitve/context studies approach that focuses an "context in explaining variations in information behavior" [e.g., Savolainen (1995) and Dervin's (1999) sensemaking], and the social constructionism/discourse analytic theory with its focus an that language, not mental/knowledge constructs, as the primary shaper of the world as a system of intersubjective meanings [e.g., Talja 1996], (pp. 53-54). Drawing from the rich tradition of user oriented research, Bruce attempts to gain a metatheoretical understanding of the Internet as a phenomena by combining Dervin's (1996) "micromoments of human usings" with the French philosopher Bruno Latour's (1999) "conception of Circulating reference" to form what 1 term the Metatheory of Circulating Usings (pp. ix, 56, 60). According to Bruce, Latour's concept is designed to bridge "the gap between mind and object" by engaging in a "succession of finely grained transformations that construct and transfer truth about the object" through a chain of "microtranslations" from "matter to form," thereby connecting mind and object (p. 56). The connection works as long as the chain remains unbroken. The nature of this chain of "information producing translations" are such that as one moves away from the object, one experiences a "reduction" of the object's "locality, particularity, materiality, multiplicity and continuity," while simultaneously gaining the "amplification" of its "compatibility, standardization, text, calculation, circulation, and relative universality" (p. 57).
Bruce points out that Dervin is also concerned about how "we look at the world" in terms of "information needs and seeking" (p.60). She maintains that information scientists traditionally view information seeking and needs in terms of "contexts, users, and systems." Dervin questions whether or not, from a user's point of view, these three "points of interest" even exist. Rather it is the "micromoments of human usings" [emphasis original], and the "world viewings, seekings, and valuings" that comprise them that are real (p. 60). Using his metatheory, Bruce represents the Internet, the "object" of study, as a "chain of transformations made up of the micromoments of human usings" (p. 60). The Internet then is a "composite of usings" that, through research and study, is continuously reduced in complexity while its "essence" and "explanation" are amplified (p. 60). Bruce plans to use the Metatheory of Circulating Usings as an analytical "lens" to "tease out a characterization of the micromoments of Internet usings" from previous research an the Internet thereby exposing "the user's view of the Internet" (pp. 60-61). In Chapter 4 (Users of the Internet), Bruce presents the research data for the study. He begins with an explanation of the limits of the data, and to a certain extent, the study itself. The perspective is that of the Internet user, with a focus an use, not nonuse, thereby exluding issues such as the digital divide and universal service. The research is limited to Internet users "in modern economies around the world" (p. 60). The data is a synthesis of research from many disciplines, but mainly from those "associated with the information field" with its traditional focus an users, systems, and context rather than usings (p. 70). Bruce then presents an extensive summary of the research results from a massive literature review of available Internet studies. He examines the research for each study group in order of the amount of data available, starting with the most studied group professional users ("academics, librarians, and teachers") followed by "the younger generation" ("College students, youths, and young adults"), users of e-government information and e-business services, and ending with the general public (the least studied group) (p. 70). Bruce does a masterful job of condensing and summarizing a vast amount of research data in 49 pages. Although there is too muck to recapitulate here, one can get a sense of the results by looking at the areas of data examined for one of the study groups: academic Internet users. There is data an their frequency of use, reasons for nonuse, length of use, specific types of use (e.g., research, teaching, administration), use of discussion lists, use of e-journals, use of Web browsers and search engines, how academics learn to use web tools and services (mainly by self-instruction), factors affecting use, and information seeking habits. Bruce's goal in presenting all this research data is to provide "the foundation for constructs of the Internet that can inform stakeholders who will play a role in determining how the Internet will develop" (p. 129). These constructs are presented in Chapter 5.
Bruce begins Chapter 5 (The Users' View of the Internet) by pointing out that the Internet not only exists as a physical entity of hardware, software, and networked connectivity, but also as a mental representation or knowledge structure constructed by users based an their usings. These knowledge structures or constructs "allow people to interpret and make sense of things" by functioning as a link between the new unknown thing with known thing(s) (p. 158). The knowledge structures or using constructs are continually evolving as people use the Internet over time, and represent the user's view of the Internet. To capture the users' view of the Internet from the research literature, Bruce uses his Metatheory of Circulating Usings. He recapitulates the theory, casting it more closely to the study of Internet use than previously. Here the reduction component provides a more detailed "understanding of the individual users involved in the micromoment of Internet using" while simultaneously the amplification component increases our understanding of the "generalized construct of the Internet" (p. 158). From this point an Bruce presents a relatively detail users' view of the Internet. He starts with examining Internet usings, which is composed of three parts: using space, using literacies, and Internet space. According to Bruce, using space is a using horizon likened to a "sphere of influence," comfortable and intimate, in which an individual interacts with the Internet successfully (p. 164). It is a "composite of individual (professional nonwork) constructs of Internet utility" (p. 165). Using literacies are the groups of skills or tools that an individual must acquire for successful interaction with the Internet. These literacies serve to link the using space with the Internet space. They are usually self-taught and form individual standards of successful or satisfactory usings that can be (and often are) at odds with the standards of the information profession. Internet space is, according to Bruce, a user construct that perceives the Internet as a physical, tangible place separate from using space. Bruce concludes that the user's view of the Internet explains six "principles" (p. 173). "Internet using is proof of concept" and occurs in contexts; using space is created through using frequency, individuals use literacies to explore and utilize Internet space, Internet space "does not require proof of concept, and is often influence by the perceptions and usings of others," and "the user's view of the Internet is upbeat and optimistic" (pp. 173-175). He ends with a section describing who are the Internet stakeholders. Bruce defines them as Internet hardware/software developers, Professional users practicing their profession in both familiar and transformational ways, and individuals using the Internet "for the tasks and pleasures of everyday life" (p. 176).
This book suffers from two major shortcomings: the failure to explain how the metatheory is actually used to analyze extant research data, and the failure to explicitly link the data presented to the conclusions drawn. The analytical function of Bruce's metatheory is clearly stated, but no explicit explanation or example is given to show how he actually accomplished this analysis. Granted, it is impractical given the volume of research data involved, to show how every bit of the data in Chapter 4 was derived. However, several examples of how the metatheory was applied would have been useful in understanding its actual function in the study at hand as well as its potential utility any future studies. More serious is the lack of explicit linkage between the data summary presented in Chapter 4 and the conclusions given in Chapter 5. Each chapter is presented as stand-alone entities containing no citations or internal referencing to connect the data with the conclusions. This leaves the readers with no ready means to evaluate the concluding construct of the user's view of the Internet in light of the data from which it was ostensibly derived. The readers must either go back and laboriously construct the connections themselves, or just take the author's word for it. Because the goal of the book is to create a convincing construct of the user's view of the Internet for others to understand, follow, apply, and improve upon in the "next generation of Internet development," the burden of proof is an the author, not the readers (pp. ix, 183). This oversight may not be so crucial if the author were presenting an exploratory essay designed primarily to stimulate thought and expand our perceptions. However, given that the book is intended as a scholarly work (otherwise why the tremendous effort in analyzing and summarizing vast quantities of research data in Chapter 4?), the lack of explicit linkage between the data and the conclusion is not only puzzling, but simply unacceptable. In summary then, the book is strong in its theoretical and metatheoretical development, presentation of the research data and scope of the literature review, and clarity of the concluding construct of the user's view of the Internet. If these items are of particular interest to the you, then this book may be worth your while. Otherwise, the failure of the book to provide an explanation of how the Metatheory of Circulating Usings is applied in analyzing extant research data, coupled with book's failure to link explicitly the data presented with the conclusions severely undermines this reviewer's confidence in the author's conclusions."
-
Shmargad, Y.: Structural diversity and tie strength in the purchase of a social networking app (2018)
0.06
0.06409073 = product of:
0.1762495 = sum of:
0.06316024 = weight(_text_:higher in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06316024 = score(doc=4220,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34821182 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
0.090820424 = weight(_text_:effect in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.090820424 = score(doc=4220,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.49655905 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
0.011195358 = weight(_text_:of in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011195358 = score(doc=4220,freq=8.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.20732689 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
0.011073467 = weight(_text_:on in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011073467 = score(doc=4220,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.14580199 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Although people increasingly rely on online services to maintain their relationships, we know relatively little about what drives their use. To address this, I analyze data from a social networking site that started charging its users for an app that populates their e-mail address books with updated contact information. I find that purchase rates of the app were higher for users with large, structurally diverse networks - which contain several distinct social groups. Moreover, personal ties (i.e., family members and friends) increased purchase rates more than professional ties. I attribute the first effect to the difficulty of obtaining information about a large, diverse social network, which the app reduces, and the second effect to the regularity with which people use information about their personal ties.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 69(2018) no.5, S.660-674
-
Porterfield, K.W.: WWWW (what's a World Wide Web?) (1994)
0.06
0.06259692 = product of:
0.1721415 = sum of:
0.009329465 = weight(_text_:of in 7948) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009329465 = score(doc=7948,freq=2.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.17277241 = fieldWeight in 7948, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7948)
0.018455777 = weight(_text_:on in 7948) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018455777 = score(doc=7948,freq=2.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24300331 = fieldWeight in 7948, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7948)
0.120963685 = weight(_text_:great in 7948) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.120963685 = score(doc=7948,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.62211907 = fieldWeight in 7948, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7948)
0.023392577 = product of:
0.046785153 = sum of:
0.046785153 = weight(_text_:22 in 7948) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046785153 = score(doc=7948,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 7948, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=7948)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- World Wide Web (WWW) originated at CERN as a hypertext system to facilitate information sharing among the high energy physics community. Describes the basic features of WWW and concludes that its influence on Internet is likely to be great
- Source
- Internet world. 5(1994) no.3, S.20-22
-
Si, L.; Zhou, J.: Ontology and linked data of Chinese great sites information resources from users' perspective (2022)
0.06
0.062290084 = product of:
0.22839697 = sum of:
0.014751178 = weight(_text_:of in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014751178 = score(doc=1115,freq=20.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.27317715 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
20.0 = termFreq=20.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
0.013050207 = weight(_text_:on in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013050207 = score(doc=1115,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.1718293 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
0.20059559 = weight(_text_:great in 1115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.20059559 = score(doc=1115,freq=22.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
1.0316678 = fieldWeight in 1115, product of:
4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
22.0 = termFreq=22.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1115)
0.27272728 = coord(3/11)
- Abstract
- Great Sites are closely related to the residents' life, urban and rural development. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, the protection and utilization of Great Sites are facing unprecedented pressure. Effective knowledge organization with ontology and linked data of Great Sites is a prerequisite for their protection and utilization. In this paper, an interview is conducted to understand the users' awareness towards Great Sites to build the user-centered ontology. As for designing the Great Site ontology, firstly, the scope of Great Sites is determined. Secondly, CIDOC- CRM and OWL-Time Ontology are reused combining the results of literature research and user interviews. Thirdly, the top-level structure and the specific instances are determined to extract knowledge concepts of Great Sites. Fourthly, they are transformed into classes, data properties and object properties of the Great Site ontology. Later, based on the linked data technology, taking the Great Sites in Xi'an Area as an example, this paper uses D2RQ to publish the linked data set of the knowledge of the Great Sites and realize its opening and sharing. Semantic services such as semantic annotation, semantic retrieval and reasoning are provided based on the ontology.
-
Net effects : how librarians can manage the unintended consequenees of the Internet (2003)
0.06
0.056612357 = product of:
0.12454718 = sum of:
0.021053413 = weight(_text_:higher in 1796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.021053413 = score(doc=1796,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.116070606 = fieldWeight in 1796, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1796)
0.02140658 = weight(_text_:effect in 1796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02140658 = score(doc=1796,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.11704009 = fieldWeight in 1796, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1796)
0.014810066 = weight(_text_:of in 1796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014810066 = score(doc=1796,freq=126.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.27426767 = fieldWeight in 1796, product of:
11.224972 = tf(freq=126.0), with freq of:
126.0 = termFreq=126.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1796)
0.043084387 = weight(_text_:technological in 1796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.043084387 = score(doc=1796,freq=8.0), product of:
0.18347798 = queryWeight, product of:
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.23482047 = fieldWeight in 1796, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
5.3133807 = idf(docFreq=591, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1796)
0.024192737 = weight(_text_:great in 1796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024192737 = score(doc=1796,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.12442382 = fieldWeight in 1796, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1796)
0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
- Abstract
- In this collection of nearly 50 articles written by librarians, computer specialists, and other information professionals, the reader finds 10 chapters, each devoted to a problem or a side effect that has emerged since the introduction of the Internet: control over selection, survival of the book, training users, adapting to users' expectations, access issues, cost of technology, continuous retraining, legal issues, disappearing data, and how to avoid becoming blind sided. After stating a problem, each chapter offers solutions that are subsequently supported by articles. The editor's comments, which appear throughout the text, are an added bonus, as are the sections concluding the book, among them a listing of useful URLs, a works-cited section, and a comprehensive index. This book has much to recommend it, especially the articles, which are not only informative, thought-provoking, and interesting but highly readable and accessible as well. An indispensable tool for all librarians.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.11, S.1025-1026 (D.E. Agosto): ""Did you ever feel as though the Internet has caused you to lose control of your library?" So begins the introduction to this volume of over 50 articles, essays, library policies, and other documents from a variety of sources, most of which are library journals aimed at practitioners. Volume editor Block has a long history of library service as well as an active career as an online journalist. From 1977 to 1999 she was the Associate Director of Public Services at the St. Ambrose University library in Davenport, Iowa. She was also a Fox News Online weekly columnist from 1998 to 2000. She currently writes for and publishes the weekly ezine Exlibris, which focuses an the use of computers, the Internet, and digital databases to improve library services. Despite the promising premise of this book, the final product is largely a disappointment because of the superficial coverage of its issues. A listing of the most frequently represented sources serves to express the general level and style of the entries: nine articles are reprinted from Computers in Libraries, five from Library Journal, four from Library Journal NetConnect, four from ExLibris, four from American Libraries, three from College & Research Libraries News, two from Online, and two from The Chronicle of Higher Education. Most of the authors included contributed only one item, although Roy Tennant (manager of the California Digital Library) authored three of the pieces, and Janet L. Balas (library information systems specialist at the Monroeville Public Library in Pennsylvania) and Karen G. Schneider (coordinator of lii.org, the Librarians' Index to the Internet) each wrote two. Volume editor Block herself wrote six of the entries, most of which have been reprinted from ExLibris. Reading the volume is muck like reading an issue of one of these journals-a pleasant experience that discusses issues in the field without presenting much research. Net Effects doesn't offer much in the way of theory or research, but then again it doesn't claim to. Instead, it claims to be an "idea book" (p. 5) with practical solutions to Internet-generated library problems. While the idea is a good one, little of the material is revolutionary or surprising (or even very creative), and most of the solutions offered will already be familiar to most of the book's intended audience.
Unlike muck of the professional library literature, Net Effects is not an open-aimed embrace of technology. Block even suggests that it is helpful to have a Luddite or two an each library staff to identify the setbacks associated with technological advances in the library. Each of the book's 10 chapters deals with one Internet-related problem, such as "Chapter 4-The Shifted Librarian: Adapting to the Changing Expectations of Our Wired (and Wireless) Users," or "Chapter 8-Up to Our Ears in Lawyers: Legal Issues Posed by the Net." For each of these 10 problems, multiple solutions are offered. For example, for "Chapter 9-Disappearing Data," four solutions are offered. These include "Link-checking," "Have a technological disaster plan," "Advise legislators an the impact proposed laws will have," and "Standards for preservation of digital information." One article is given to explicate each of these four solutions. A short bibliography of recommended further reading is also included for each chapter. Block provides a short introduction to each chapter, and she comments an many of the entries. Some of these comments seem to be intended to provide a research basis for the proposed solutions, but they tend to be vague generalizations without citations, such as, "We know from research that students would rather ask each other for help than go to adults. We can use that (p. 91 )." The original publication dates of the entries range from 1997 to 2002, with the bulk falling into the 2000-2002 range. At up to 6 years old, some of the articles seem outdated, such as a 2000 news brief announcing the creation of the first "customizable" public library Web site (www.brarydog.net). These critiques are not intended to dismiss the volume entirely. Some of the entries are likely to find receptive audiences, such as a nuts-and-bolts instructive article for making Web sites accessible to people with disabilities. "Providing Equitable Access," by Cheryl H. Kirkpatrick and Catherine Buck Morgan, offers very specific instructions, such as how to renovate OPAL workstations to suit users with "a wide range of functional impairments." It also includes a useful list of 15 things to do to make a Web site readable to most people with disabilities, such as, "You can use empty (alt) tags (alt="') for images that serve a purely decorative function. Screen readers will skip empty (alt) tags" (p. 157). Information at this level of specificity can be helpful to those who are faced with creating a technological solution for which they lack sufficient technical knowledge or training.
Some of the pieces are more captivating than others and less "how-to" in nature, providing contextual discussions as well as pragmatic advice. For example, Darlene Fichter's "Blogging Your Life Away" is an interesting discussion about creating and maintaining blogs. (For those unfamiliar with the term, blogs are frequently updated Web pages that ]ist thematically tied annotated links or lists, such as a blog of "Great Websites of the Week" or of "Fun Things to Do This Month in Patterson, New Jersey.") Fichter's article includes descriptions of sample blogs and a comparison of commercially available blog creation software. Another article of note is Kelly Broughton's detailed account of her library's experiences in initiating Web-based reference in an academic library. "Our Experiment in Online Real-Time Reference" details the decisions and issues that the Jerome Library staff at Bowling Green State University faced in setting up a chat reference service. It might be useful to those finding themselves in the same situation. This volume is at its best when it eschews pragmatic information and delves into the deeper, less ephemeral libraryrelated issues created by the rise of the Internet and of the Web. One of the most thought-provoking topics covered is the issue of "the serials pricing crisis," or the increase in subscription prices to journals that publish scholarly work. The pros and cons of moving toward a more free-access Web-based system for the dissemination of peer-reviewed material and of using university Web sites to house scholars' other works are discussed. However, deeper discussions such as these are few, leaving the volume subject to rapid aging, and leaving it with an audience limited to librarians looking for fast technological fixes."
-
Ormes, S.; McClure, C.R.: ¬A comparison of public library Internet connectivity in the USA and UK (1996)
0.05
0.052663457 = product of:
0.1448245 = sum of:
0.05263353 = weight(_text_:higher in 7354) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05263353 = score(doc=7354,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2901765 = fieldWeight in 7354, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=7354)
0.01865893 = weight(_text_:of in 7354) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01865893 = score(doc=7354,freq=32.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34554482 = fieldWeight in 7354, product of:
5.656854 = tf(freq=32.0), with freq of:
32.0 = termFreq=32.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=7354)
0.013050207 = weight(_text_:on in 7354) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013050207 = score(doc=7354,freq=4.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.1718293 = fieldWeight in 7354, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=7354)
0.060481843 = weight(_text_:great in 7354) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.060481843 = score(doc=7354,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.31105953 = fieldWeight in 7354, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=7354)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- Reports results of a questionnaire survey of 1996 Internet and WWW activity in UK public libraries, undertaken by the UK Office for Library and Information Networking (UKOLN) on behalt of the Library and Information Commission, and compares the results with a similar survey of public libraries in the USA. The range of issues investigated include: number of libraries connected to the Internet; how the libraries are connected; availability of public access. Concludes that the UK id generally far behind the USA in the development of Internet services and levels of connectivity. The 1996 results for the UK are similar to those obtained in the 1994 USA survey. There is a high reliance on dial up as a connection methos, limited amounts of public access and general low connectivity. However, a noticeable amount of enthudiasm about the Internet was observed in the respondents and a great deal of planning was taking place. In addition, the higher level of public libraries Internet involvement in the USA did not always indicate that high levels of Internet services are being offered to the public. Lists recommended levels of Internet services that should be considered
-
Notess, G.R.: Government information on the Internet (2004)
0.05
0.051451057 = product of:
0.1414904 = sum of:
0.014602924 = weight(_text_:of in 871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014602924 = score(doc=871,freq=10.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2704316 = fieldWeight in 871, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=871)
0.025838088 = weight(_text_:on in 871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025838088 = score(doc=871,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.34020463 = fieldWeight in 871, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=871)
0.08467458 = weight(_text_:great in 871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08467458 = score(doc=871,freq=2.0), product of:
0.19443816 = queryWeight, product of:
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.43548337 = fieldWeight in 871, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.6307793 = idf(docFreq=430, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=871)
0.016374804 = product of:
0.03274961 = sum of:
0.03274961 = weight(_text_:22 in 871) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03274961 = score(doc=871,freq=2.0), product of:
0.12092275 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 871, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=871)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- The U.S. federal government has been a major publisher on the Internet. Its many agencies have used the Internet, and the Web most recently, to provide access to a great quantity of their information output. Several agencies such as the Library of Congress and the Government Printing Office have taken a leading role in both providing information and offering finding aids, while other endeavors such as FirstGov and subject gateways offer other avenues of access. A brief look back at the history of the government on the Web and the continuing concerns and challenges show how the government is not only a major content provider on the Internet but also a source for the organization of the content.
- Date
- 15. 2.2007 19:05:22
-
Son, J.; Lee, J.; Larsen, I.; Nissenbaum, K.R.; Woo, J.: Understanding the uncertainty of disaster tweets and its effect on retweeting : the perspectives of uncertainty reduction theory and information entropy (2020)
0.05
0.05142716 = product of:
0.14142469 = sum of:
0.05263353 = weight(_text_:higher in 5962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05263353 = score(doc=5962,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2901765 = fieldWeight in 5962, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5962)
0.053516448 = weight(_text_:effect in 5962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.053516448 = score(doc=5962,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2926002 = fieldWeight in 5962, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5962)
0.016818931 = weight(_text_:of in 5962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016818931 = score(doc=5962,freq=26.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.31146988 = fieldWeight in 5962, product of:
5.0990195 = tf(freq=26.0), with freq of:
26.0 = termFreq=26.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5962)
0.018455777 = weight(_text_:on in 5962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018455777 = score(doc=5962,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24300331 = fieldWeight in 5962, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5962)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- The rapid and wide dissemination of up-to-date, localized information is a central issue during disasters. Being attributed to the original 140-character length, Twitter provides its users with quick-posting and easy-forwarding features that facilitate the timely dissemination of warnings and alerts. However, a concern arises with respect to the terseness of tweets that restricts the amount of information conveyed in a tweet and thus increases a tweet's uncertainty. We tackle such concerns by proposing entropy as a measure for a tweet's uncertainty. Based on the perspectives of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT), we theorize that the more uncertain information of a disaster tweet, the higher the entropy, which will lead to a lower retweet count. By leveraging the statistical and predictive analyses, we provide evidence supporting that entropy validly and reliably assesses the uncertainty of a tweet. This study contributes to improving our understanding of information propagation on Twitter during disasters. Academically, we offer a new variable of entropy to measure a tweet's uncertainty, an important factor influencing disaster tweets' retweeting. Entropy plays a critical role to better comprehend URLs and emoticons as a means to convey information. Practically, this research suggests a set of guidelines for effectively crafting disaster messages on Twitter.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 71(2020) no.10, S.1145-1161
-
Lehmann, J.; Castillo, C.; Lalmas, M.; Baeza-Yates, R.: Story-focused reading in online news and its potential for user engagement (2017)
0.05
0.05010895 = product of:
0.1377996 = sum of:
0.05263353 = weight(_text_:higher in 3529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05263353 = score(doc=3529,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18138453 = queryWeight, product of:
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2901765 = fieldWeight in 3529, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.252756 = idf(docFreq=628, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3529)
0.053516448 = weight(_text_:effect in 3529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.053516448 = score(doc=3529,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18289955 = queryWeight, product of:
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.2926002 = fieldWeight in 3529, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.29663 = idf(docFreq=601, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3529)
0.013193856 = weight(_text_:of in 3529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013193856 = score(doc=3529,freq=16.0), product of:
0.053998582 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24433708 = fieldWeight in 3529, product of:
4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
16.0 = termFreq=16.0
1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3529)
0.018455777 = weight(_text_:on in 3529) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018455777 = score(doc=3529,freq=8.0), product of:
0.07594867 = queryWeight, product of:
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.034531306 = queryNorm
0.24300331 = fieldWeight in 3529, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
2.199415 = idf(docFreq=13325, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3529)
0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
- Abstract
- We study the news reading behavior of several hundred thousand users on 65 highly visited news sites. We focus on a specific phenomenon: users reading several articles related to a particular news development, which we call story-focused reading. Our goal is to understand the effect of story-focused reading on user engagement and how news sites can support this phenomenon. We found that most users focus on stories that interest them and that even casual news readers engage in story-focused reading. During story-focused reading, users spend more time reading and a larger number of news sites are involved. In addition, readers employ different strategies to find articles related to a story. We also analyze how news sites promote story-focused reading by looking at how they link their articles to related content published by them, or by other sources. The results show that providing links to related content leads to a higher engagement of the users, and that this is the case even for links to external sites. We also show that the performance of links can be affected by their type, their position, and how many of them are present within an article.
- Footnote
- This work was done while Janette Lehmann was a PhD student at Universitat Pompeu Fabra and it was carried out as part of her PhD internship at Yahoo! Labs Barcelona. This work was carried out while Carlos Castillo was working at Qatar Computing Research Institute.
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.4, S.869-883
