-
Borgman, C.L.: Multi-media, multi-cultural, and multi-lingual digital libraries : or how do we exchange data In 400 languages? (1997)
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- Abstract
- The Internet would not be very useful if communication were limited to textual exchanges between speakers of English located in the United States. Rather, its value lies in its ability to enable people from multiple nations, speaking multiple languages, to employ multiple media in interacting with each other. While computer networks broke through national boundaries long ago, they remain much more effective for textual communication than for exchanges of sound, images, or mixed media -- and more effective for communication in English than for exchanges in most other languages, much less interactions involving multiple languages. Supporting searching and display in multiple languages is an increasingly important issue for all digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Even if a digital library contains materials in only one language, the content needs to be searchable and displayable on computers in countries speaking other languages. We need to exchange data between digital libraries, whether in a single language or in multiple languages. Data exchanges may be large batch updates or interactive hyperlinks. In any of these cases, character sets must be represented in a consistent manner if exchanges are to succeed. Issues of interoperability, portability, and data exchange related to multi-lingual character sets have received surprisingly little attention in the digital library community or in discussions of standards for information infrastructure, except in Europe. The landmark collection of papers on Standards Policy for Information Infrastructure, for example, contains no discussion of multi-lingual issues except for a passing reference to the Unicode standard. The goal of this short essay is to draw attention to the multi-lingual issues involved in designing digital libraries accessible on the Internet. Many of the multi-lingual design issues parallel those of multi-media digital libraries, a topic more familiar to most readers of D-Lib Magazine. This essay draws examples from multi-media DLs to illustrate some of the urgent design challenges in creating a globally distributed network serving people who speak many languages other than English. First we introduce some general issues of medium, culture, and language, then discuss the design challenges in the transition from local to global systems, lastly addressing technical matters. The technical issues involve the choice of character sets to represent languages, similar to the choices made in representing images or sound. However, the scale of the language problem is far greater. Standards for multi-media representation are being adopted fairly rapidly, in parallel with the availability of multi-media content in electronic form. By contrast, we have hundreds (and sometimes thousands) of years worth of textual materials in hundreds of languages, created long before data encoding standards existed. Textual content from past and present is being encoded in language and application-specific representations that are difficult to exchange without losing data -- if they exchange at all. We illustrate the multi-language DL challenge with examples drawn from the research library community, which typically handles collections of materials in 400 or so languages. These are problems faced not only by developers of digital libraries, but by those who develop and manage any communication technology that crosses national or linguistic boundaries.
-
Huckstorf, A.; Petras, V.: Mind the lexical gap : EuroVoc Building Block of the Semantic Web (2011)
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- Abstract
- Ein Konferenzereignis der besonderen Art fand am 18. und 19. November 2010 in Luxemburg statt. Initiiert durch das Amt für Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Union (http://publications.europa.eu) waren Bibliothekare und Information Professionals eingeladen, um über die Zukunft mehrsprachiger kontrollierter Vokabulare in Informationssystemen und insbesondere deren Beitrag zum Semantic Web zu diskutieren. Organisiert wurde die Konferenz durch das EuroVoc-Team, das den Thesaurus der Europäischen Union bearbeitet. Die letzte EuroVoc-Konferenz fand im Jahr 2006 statt. In der Zwischenzeit ist EuroVoc zu einem ontologie-basierten Thesaurusmanagementsystem übergegangen und hat systematisch begonnen, Semantic-Web-Technologien für die Bearbeitung und Repräsentation einzusetzen und sich mit anderen Vokabularen zu vernetzen. Ein produktiver Austausch fand mit den Produzenten anderer europäischer und internationaler Vokabulare (z.B. United Nations oder FAO) sowie Vertretern aus Projekten, die an Themen über automatische Indexierung (hier insbesondere parlamentarische und rechtliche Dokumente) sowie Interoperabilitiät zwischen Vokabularen arbeiten, statt.
-
Wang, S.; Isaac, A.; Schopman, B.; Schlobach, S.; Meij, L. van der: Matching multilingual subject vocabularies (2009)
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- Abstract
- Most libraries and other cultural heritage institutions use controlled knowledge organisation systems, such as thesauri, to describe their collections. Unfortunately, as most of these institutions use different such systems, united access to heterogeneous collections is difficult. Things are even worse in an international context when concepts have labels in different languages. In order to overcome the multilingual interoperability problem between European Libraries, extensive work has been done to manually map concepts from different knowledge organisation systems, which is a tedious and expensive process. Within the TELplus project, we developed and evaluated methods to automatically discover these mappings, using different ontology matching techniques. In experiments on major French, English and German subject heading lists Rameau, LCSH and SWD, we show that we can automatically produce mappings of surprisingly good quality, even when using relatively naive translation and matching methods.
-
Landry, P.; Zumer, M.; Clavel-Merrin, G.: Report on cross-language subject access options (2006)
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- Abstract
- This report presents the results of desk-top based study of projects and initiatives in the area of linking and mapping subject tools. While its goal is to provide areas of further study for cross-language subject access in the European Library, and specifically the national libraries of the Ten New Member States, it is not restricted to cross-language mappings since some of the tools used to create links across thesauri or subject headings in the same language may also be appropriate for cross-language mapping. Tools reviewed have been selected to represent a variety of approaches (e.g. subject heading to subject heading, thesaurus to thesaurus, classification to subject heading) reflecting the variety of subject access tools in use in the European Library. The results show that there is no single solution that would be appropriate for all libraries but that parts of several initiatives may be applicable on a technical, organisational or content level.
-
Ménard, E.: Ordinary image retrieval in a multilingual context : a comparison of two indexing vocabularies (2010)
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- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Special Issue: Content architecture: exploiting and managing diverse resources: proceedings of the first national conference of the United Kingdom chapter of the International Society for Knowedge Organization (ISKO)
-
Weihs, J.: Three tales of multilingual cataloguing (1998)
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- Date
- 2. 8.2001 8:55:22
-
Dini, L.: CACAO : multilingual access to bibliographic records (2007)
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- Content
- Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
-
Kutschekmanesch, S.; Lutes, B.; Moelle, K.; Thiel, U.; Tzeras, K.: Automated multilingual indexing : a synthesis of rule-based and thesaurus-based methods (1998)
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- Source
- Information und Märkte: 50. Deutscher Dokumentartag 1998, Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation e.V. (DGD), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 22.-24. September 1998. Hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld u. Gerhard J. Mantwill
-
Landry, P.: MACS: multilingual access to subject and link management : Extending the Multilingual Capacity of TEL in the EDL Project (2007)
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- Content
- Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
-
Zhou, Y. et al.: Analysing entity context in multilingual Wikipedia to support entity-centric retrieval applications (2016)
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- Date
- 1. 2.2016 18:25:22
-
Celli, F. et al.: Enabling multilingual search through controlled vocabularies : the AGRIS approach (2016)
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- Source
- Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012)
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- Abstract
- This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
-
Timotin, A.: Multilingvism si tezaure de concepte (1994)
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- Source
- Probleme de Informare si Documentare. 28(1994) no.1, S.13-22
-
Cao, L.; Leong, M.-K.; Low, H.-B.: Searching heterogeneous multilingual bibliographic sources (1998)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
-
Reinisch, F.: Wer suchet - der findet? : oder Die Überwindung der sprachlichen Grenzen bei der Suche in Volltextdatenbanken (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2000 17:48:06
-
Heinzelin, D. de; ¬d'¬Hautcourt, F.; Pols, R.: ¬Un nouveaux thesaurus multilingue informatise relatif aux instruments de musique (1998)
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- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:01:00
-
Park, J.-r.: Cross-lingual name and subject access : mechanisms and challenge (2007)
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- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
De Luca, E.W.; Dahlberg, I.: Including knowledge domains from the ICC into the multilingual lexical linked data cloud (2014)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2014 19:01:18
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2014)
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- Abstract
- This article reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The article discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and/or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the Dewey Decimal Classification [DDC] (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
-
Schubert, K.: Parameters for the design of an intermediate language for multilingual thesauri (1995)
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- Source
- Knowledge organization. 22(1995) nos.3/4, S.136-140
