Search (120 results, page 1 of 6)

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Abstract

Independent work on cognitve models of visual perception and of perception of lexical items reveals a common framework underlying the 2 sets of cognitive mechanisms posited. From these 2 classes of model - one visual and the other linguistic - a unifying structure has been extracted. Presents and discusses the integrated model, and considers some general implications for the notion of unified theories of visual and linguistic perception. Demonstrates a similar patterns of interplay between serial and parallel processes as well as between top down and bottom up information. Identifies several common problems, such as the role of value parameters in perception

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Abstract

Describes a computer program, UCIE (Understanding Cognitive Information Engineering), designed for computer user interface applications by simulating graphical perception. Reports results of an empirical study to determine the performance of the software and the user interface

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Abstract

Considers the specifics of signs as used in information presentation and perception. The analysis of signs is applied to study the problem of information reliability. On the basis of sign situations, an approach is outlined for investigating internal speech processes. Suggests that an apparatus of sign situations be developed that could be used as the most important component of semiotics in describing the specifics and pecularities of information processes in nature and society

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Abstract

"In this essay, I offer several significant examples of research that deal with animals' and children's perception. These examples come from social science, cognitive thology, and several camps in cognitive science"

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Abstract

We discuss information by attempting to operationalize it using: (1) Dervin and Nilan's idea that information is a subjective construct rather than an objective thing; (2) Brookes's idea that information is that which modifies knowledge structure; and (3) Neisser's idea that perception is top-down or schemata driven to the point of paradoxon. De Mey, Minsky's theorem of frames, and top-down and bottom-up models from reading theory are discussed. We conclude that information must be rare because only rare information can modify knowledge structure at its upper levels, and that to modify knowledge structure at its upper levels (its essence) information may have to enter the perception cycle in 2 stages

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Abstract

International students are enrolling in American colleges and universities in increasing numbers, yet little is known of their communicative experiences on USA campuses. Examines perceptions of intercultural communication competence and adaption in international students studying on an American campus. Participants in the study were 101 international students enrolled in a medium sized university in the Midwest. Results suggest that while the affective and behavioural dimensions of intercultural communication competence are related to students' satisfaction with their communication skills, talking with American students was the single most important factor in perception of communication competency and adjusting to American life. Discusses practical implications of these results for communication instruction

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Abstract

Presents evidence from the study of human language understanding suggesting that the ability to perceive visible speech can greatly influence the ability to understand and remember spoken language. A view of the speaker's face can greatly aid in the perception of ambiguous or noisy speech and can aid cognitive processing of speech leading to better understanding and recall. Some of these effects have been replaced using computer synthesized visual and auditory speech. When giving an interface a voice, it may be best to give it a face too

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Abstract

Information may be defined as the characteristics of the output of a process, these being informative about the process and the input. This discipline independent definition may be applied to all domains, from physics to epistemology. Hierarchies of processes linked together, provide a communication channel between each of the corresponding functions and layers in the hierarchies. Models of communication, perception, observation, belief, and knowledge are suggested that are consistent with this conceptual framework of information as the value of the output of any process in a hierarchy of processes. Misinformation and errors are considered

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LCSH

Perception / Philosophy

Subject

Perception / Philosophy

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Abstract

In this paper a model for understanding the concept of information is presented and how the processes of externalization and perception of information by human beings could be understood. This model is different from the standard information theoretic model. It combines the understanding of cognitive information processing as an act of information generation from sense impressions with communication theoretic considerations. This approach can be of value for any system that is regarded as a knowledge system with an in-built ordering structure. As an application some consequences will be drawn for the design of information systems which claims to handle information itself (e.g. multimedia information systems) instead of giving references to bibliographic entities

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Abstract

Since this book is into shifting worlds and changing minds it is best approached with a perspective open to change. What you get is a systematic dismantling of the cult of rationality through an examination of human perception. The result is a simpler, more natural way of being, free from the limitations of particular belief systems. The idea is that the emancipated mind finds peace through awareness and compassion. It is clearly written, but a bit scholarly drawing from a broad base of scientific and philosophical thought. As such it organizes and makes accessible some of the brightest thinkers of all time.

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:01:22

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Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

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Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the functionality of the particular epistemological schools with regard to the issues of users with visual impairment, to offer a theoretical answer to the question why these issues are not in the center of the interest of information science, and to try to find an epistemological approach that has ambitions to create the theoretical basis for the analysis of the relationship between information and visually impaired users. Design/methodology/approach - The methodological basis of the paper is determined by the selection of the epistemological approach. In order to think about the concept of information and to put it in relation to issues associated with users with visual impairment, a conceptual analysis is applied. Findings - Most of information science theories are based on empiricism and rationalism; this is the reason for their low interest in the questions of visually impaired users. Users with visual disabilities are out of the interest of rationalistic epistemology because it underestimates sensory perception; empiricism is not interested in them paradoxically because it overestimates sensory perception. Realism which fairly reflects such issues is an approach which allows the providing of information to persons with visual disabilities to be dealt with properly. Research limitations/implications - The paper has a speculative character. Its findings should be supported by empirical research in the future. Practical implications - Theoretical questions solved in the paper come from the practice of providing information to visually impaired users. Because practice has an influence on theory and vice versa, the author hopes that the findings included in the paper can serve to improve practice in the field. Social implications - The paper provides theoretical anchoring of the issues which are related to the inclusion of people with disabilities into society and its findings have a potential to support such efforts. Originality/value - This is first study linking questions of users with visual disabilities to highly abstract issues connected to the concept of information.

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Date

17. 7.1996 9:33:22
22. 7.2000 19:05:41

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Abstract

Within any culture, three methods of knowledge discovery work together to situate and evolve accepted knowledge structures. Classification operates to control chaos by introducing formal rules for organizing the subject body of knowledge. The words used, and the concepts behind those words, create an ontological structure. What is not included is excluded. Culture studies have been developing ever since the early 19th century. Instrumentation has reorganized vision and practice, and has made the reality of situated knowledge more obvious. Postmodernism's questioning of Modernism's consistency and preservation of broad concepts of reality has provided a fertile ground for culture studies in all disciplines. Perhaps all social interactions, even the most primitive, are situated. The third player in knowledge discovery is the individual, who works within the culture but brings unique perception to bear on every issue. The individual is the locus of mutation and creation, which, if taken up by other individuals, eventually influences practice, and then such formalized structures as classifications and standards. All three modes of discovery are vital and essential, and participate in a multidimensional and interactive evolution

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Abstract

This article presents the semantic information theory, formulated by the philosopher Fred I. Dretske, as a contribution to the discussion of metatheories and their practical implications in the field of library and information science. Dretske's theory is described in Knowledge and the flow of information. It is founded on mathematical communication theory but developed and elaborated into a cognitive, functionalistic theory, is individually oriented, and deals with the content of information. The topics are: the information process from perception to cognition, and how concept formation takes place in terms of digitisation. Other important issues are the concepts of information and knowledge, truth and meaning. Semantic information theory can be used as a frame of reference in order to explain, clarify and refute concepts currently used in library and information science, and as the basis for critical reviews of elements of the cognitive viewpoint in IR, primarily the notion of "potential information". The main contribution of the theory lies in a clarification of concepts, but there are still problems regarding the practical applications. More research is needed to combine philosophical discussions with the practice of information and library science.

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Content

Enthält die Abschnitte: (1) The Syntactic Approach to Information Answering a Question by Decreasing Randomness - The Syntactic Approach to Information I - The Syntactic Approach to Information II - Algorithmic Information Theory (2) The Semantic Approach to Information What Information is given by that Sentence? - Explicating Information by Possible Worlds - Strong Semantic Information - Do You Get Information in a Logic Course? (3) The Causal Approach to Information - The Information You Have but Do not Believe - The Causal Theory of Information Flow - Information in Externalist Epistemology - Perception, Belief, and the Problem of Misrepresentation (4) Situation Theory and Information - Bringing Ontology back into Information Theory - The Framework of Situation Semantics: - Information Architecture and Constraints (5) Information Flow in Distributed Systems - Renaming Your'Evening Star' Yields New Information - Information Flow within the Situation Framework - Information Flow and Paraconsistency -Get Yourself Involved into Impossible Situations - Genetic Information?