Search (370 results, page 1 of 19)

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LCSH

Visual perception

Subject

Visual perception

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Abstract

This book provides a comprehensive account of the intentionality of perceptual experience. With special emphasis on vision Searle explains how the raw phenomenology of perception sets the content and the conditions of satisfaction of experience. The central question concerns the relation between the subjective conscious perceptual field and the objective perceptual field. Everything in the objective field is either perceived or can be perceived. Nothing in the subjective field is perceived nor can be perceived precisely because the events in the subjective field consist of the perceivings, whether veridical or not, of the events in the objective field.
Searle begins by criticizing the classical theories of perception and identifies a single fallacy, what he calls the Bad Argument, as the source of nearly all of the confusions in the history of the philosophy of perception. He next justifies the claim that perceptual experiences have presentational intentionality and shows how this justifies the direct realism of his account. In the central theoretical chapters, he shows how it is possible that the raw phenomenology must necessarily determine certain form of intentionality. Searle introduces, in detail, the distinction between different levels of perception from the basic level to the higher levels and shows the internal relation between the features of the experience and the states of affairs presented by the experience. The account applies not just to language possessing human beings but to infants and conscious animals. He also discusses how the account relates to certain traditional puzzles about spectrum inversion, color and size constancy and the brain-in-the-vat thought experiments. In the final chapters he explains and refutes Disjunctivist theories of perception, explains the role of unconscious perception, and concludes by discussing traditional problems of perception such as skepticism.

Content

The Bad Argument Summary of the Theory of Intentionality Consciousness The Intentionality of Perceptual Experiences Further Developments of the Argument Against the Bad Argument How Perceptual Intentionality Works I: Basic Features, Causation, and Intentional Content How Perceptual Intentionality Works II: Extending the Analysis to Non-basic Features Disjunctivism Unconscious Perception Classical Theories of Perception

LCSH

Perception (Philosophy)

Subject

Perception (Philosophy)

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Abstract

The "Screen Design Manual" provides designers of interactive media with a practical working guide for preparing and presenting information that is suitable for both their target groups and the media they are using. It describes background information and relationships, clarifies them with the help of examples, and encourages further development of the language of digital media. In addition to the basics of the psychology of perception and learning, ergonomics, communication theory, imagery research, and aesthetics, the book also explores the design of navigation and orientation elements. Guidelines and checklists, along with the unique presentation of the book, support the application of information in practice.

Date

22. 3.2008 14:29:25

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Abstract

Are art and science separated by an unbridgeable divide? Can they find common ground? In this new book, neuroscientist Eric R. Kandel, whose remarkable scientific career and deep interest in art give him a unique perspective, demonstrates how science can inform the way we experience a work of art and seek to understand its meaning. Kandel illustrates how reductionism?the distillation of larger scientific or aesthetic concepts into smaller, more tractable components?has been used by scientists and artists alike to pursue their respective truths. He draws on his Nobel Prize-winning work revealing the neurobiological underpinnings of learning and memory in sea slugs to shed light on the complex workings of the mental processes of higher animals. In Reductionism in Art and Brain Science, Kandel shows how this radically reductionist approach, applied to the most complex puzzle of our time?the brain?has been employed by modern artists who distill their subjective world into color, form, and light. Kandel demonstrates through bottom-up sensory and top-down cognitive functions how science can explore the complexities of human perception and help us to perceive, appreciate, and understand great works of art. At the heart of the book is an elegant elucidation of the contribution of reductionism to the evolution of modern art and its role in a monumental shift in artistic perspective. Reductionism steered the transition from figurative art to the first explorations of abstract art reflected in the works of Turner, Monet, Kandinsky, Schoenberg, and Mondrian. Kandel explains how, in the postwar era, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Louis, Turrell, and Flavin used a reductionist approach to arrive at their abstract expressionism and how Katz, Warhol, Close, and Sandback built upon the advances of the New York School to reimagine figurative and minimal art. Featuring captivating drawings of the brain alongside full-color reproductions of modern art masterpieces, this book draws out the common concerns of science and art and how they illuminate each other.

Content

The emergence of a reductionist school of abstract art in New York -- The Beginning of a Scientific Approach to Art -- The Biology of the Beholder's Share: Visual Perception and Bottom-Up Processing in Art -- The Biology of Learning and Memory: Top-Down Processing in Art -- A Reductionist Approach to Art. Reductionism in the Emergence of Abstract Art -- Mondrian and the Radical Reduction of the Figurative Image -- The New York School of Painters -- How the Brain Processes and Perceives Abstract Images -- From Figuration to Color Abstraction -- Color and the Brain -- A Focus on Light -- A Reductionist Influence on Figuration -- The Emerging Dialogue Between Abstract Art and Science. Why Is Reductionism Successful in Art? -- A Return to the Two Cultures

Date

14. 6.2019 12:22:37

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Content

Inhalt: Acknowledgments; Abstract; Zusammenfassung; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Acronyms; Chapter 1 Introduction ; 1.1 Research Questions; 1.2 Thesis Outline; Part I Fundamentals ; Chapter 2 Information Retrieval for Young Users ; 2.1 Basics of Information Retrieval; 2.1.1 Architecture of an IR System; 2.1.2 Relevance Ranking; 2.1.3 Search User Interfaces; 2.1.4 Targeted Search Engines; 2.2 Aspects of Child Development Relevant for Information Retrieval Tasks; 2.2.1 Human Cognitive Development; 2.2.2 Information Processing Theory; 2.2.3 Psychosocial Development 2.3 User Studies and Evaluation2.3.1 Methods in User Studies; 2.3.2 Types of Evaluation; 2.3.3 Evaluation with Children; 2.4 Discussion; Chapter 3 State of the Art ; 3.1 Children's Information-Seeking Behaviour; 3.1.1 Querying Behaviour; 3.1.2 Search Strategy; 3.1.3 Navigation Style; 3.1.4 User Interface; 3.1.5 Relevance Judgement; 3.2 Existing Algorithms and User Interface Concepts for Children; 3.2.1 Query; 3.2.2 Content; 3.2.3 Ranking; 3.2.4 Search Result Visualisation; 3.3 Existing Information Retrieval Systems for Children; 3.3.1 Digital Book Libraries; 3.3.2 Web Search Engines 3.4 Summary and DiscussionPart II Studying Open Issues ; Chapter 4 Usability of Existing Search Engines for Young Users ; 4.1 Assessment Criteria; 4.1.1 Criteria for Matching the Motor Skills; 4.1.2 Criteria for Matching the Cognitive Skills; 4.2 Results; 4.2.1 Conformance with Motor Skills; 4.2.2 Conformance with the Cognitive Skills; 4.2.3 Presentation of Search Results; 4.2.4 Browsing versus Searching; 4.2.5 Navigational Style; 4.3 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 5 Large-scale Analysis of Children's Queries and Search Interactions; 5.1 Dataset; 5.2 Results; 5.3 Summary and Discussion Chapter 6 Differences in Usability and Perception of Targeted Web Search Engines between Children and Adults 6.1 Related Work; 6.2 User Study; 6.3 Study Results; 6.4 Summary and Discussion; Part III Tackling the Challenges ; Chapter 7 Search User Interface Design for Children ; 7.1 Conceptual Challenges and Possible Solutions; 7.2 Knowledge Journey Design; 7.3 Evaluation; 7.3.1 Study Design; 7.3.2 Study Results; 7.4 Voice-Controlled Search: Initial Study; 7.4.1 User Study; 7.5 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 8 Addressing User Diversity ; 8.1 Evolving Search User Interface 8.1.1 Mapping Function8.1.2 Evolving Skills; 8.1.3 Detection of User Abilities; 8.1.4 Design Concepts; 8.2 Adaptation of a Search User Interface towards User Needs; 8.2.1 Design & Implementation; 8.2.2 Search Input; 8.2.3 Result Output; 8.2.4 General Properties; 8.2.5 Configuration and Further Details; 8.3 Evaluation; 8.3.1 Study Design; 8.3.2 Study Results; 8.3.3 Preferred UI Settings; 8.3.4 User satisfaction; 8.4 Knowledge Journey Exhibit; 8.4.1 Hardware; 8.4.2 Frontend; 8.4.3 Backend; 8.5 Summary and Discussion; Chapter 9 Supporting Visual Searchers in Processing Search Results 9.1 Related Work

Date

1. 2.2016 18:25:22

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LCSH

Visual Perception

Subject

Visual Perception

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LCSH

Self / perception

Subject

Self / perception

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Footnote

Einheitssacht.: Sensation and perception

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LCSH

Perception / Philosophy

Subject

Perception / Philosophy

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Abstract

Reports results of a series of questionnaire surveys, conducted between Sep 1994 and Sep 1996, to determine: the experiences of students with regard to use of libraries on postgraduate distance learning programmes: arrangements made by course providers for library use; perception by university libraries of their role in distance learning; and ways in which public libraries support distance learning students. The report is preceded by a literature review (UK, North America and Australia) of the role of the library in distance learning

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Abstract

Since this book is into shifting worlds and changing minds it is best approached with a perspective open to change. What you get is a systematic dismantling of the cult of rationality through an examination of human perception. The result is a simpler, more natural way of being, free from the limitations of particular belief systems. The idea is that the emancipated mind finds peace through awareness and compassion. It is clearly written, but a bit scholarly drawing from a broad base of scientific and philosophical thought. As such it organizes and makes accessible some of the brightest thinkers of all time.

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Date

22. 7.2007 12:05:26
22. 7.2007 12:08:24

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Issue

Vol.22.

Signature

78 BAHH 1089-22

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Content

Inhalt: Session 1 A: Theoretical Foundations of Knowledge Organization 1 Hanne Albrechtsen, Hans H K Andersen, Bryan Cleal and Annelise Mark Pejtersen: Categorical complexity in knowledge integration: empirical evaluation of a cross-cultural film research collaboratory; Clare Beghtol: Naive classification systems and the global information society; Terence R Smith and Marcia L Zeng: Concept maps supported by knowledge organization structures; B: Linguistic and Cultural Approaches to Knowledge Organization 1 Rebecca Green and Lydia Fraser: Patterns in verbal polysemy; Maria J López-Huertas, MarioBarite and Isabel de Torres: Terminological representation of specialized areas in conceptual structures: the case of gender studies; Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan and Eric SanJuan: Mining for knowledge chunks in a terminology network Session 2 A: Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Representation 1 Jin-Cheon Na, Haiyang Sui, Christopher Khoo, Syin Chan and Yunyun Zhou: Effectiveness of simple linguistic processing in automatic sentiment classification of product reviews; Daniel J O'Keefe: Cultural literacy in a global information society-specific language: an exploratory ontological analysis utilizing comparative taxonomy; Lynne C Howarth: Modelling a natural language gateway to metadata-enabled resources; B: Theoretical Foundations of Knowledge Organization 2: Facets & Their Significance Ceri Binding and Douglas Tudhope: Integrating faceted structure into the search process; Vanda Broughton and Heather Lane: The Bliss Bibliographic Classification in action: moving from a special to a universal faceted classification via a digital platform; Kathryn La Barre: Adventures in faceted classification: a brave new world or a world of confusion? Session 3 A: Theoretical Foundations of Knowledge Organization 3 Elin K Jacob: The structure of context: implications of structure for the creation of context in information systems; Uta Priss: A semiotic-conceptual framework for knowledge representation Giovanni M Sacco; Accessing multimedia infobases through dynamic taxonomies; Joseph T Tennis: URIS and intertextuality: incumbent philosophical commitments in the development of the semantic web; B: Social & Sociological Concepts in Knowledge Organization Grant Campbell: A queer eye for the faceted guy: how a universal classification principle can be applied to a distinct subculture; Jonathan Furner and Anthony W Dunbar: The treatment of topics relating to people of mixed race in bibliographic classification schemes: a critical ace-theoretic approach; H Peter Ohly: The organization of Internet links in a social science clearing house; Chern Li Liew: Cross-cultural design and usability of a digital library supporting access to Maori cultural heritage resources: an examination of knowledge organization issues; Session 4 A: Knowledge Organization of Universal and Special Systems 1: Dewey Decimal Classification Sudatta Chowdhury and G G Chowdhury: Using DDC to create a visual knowledge map as an aid to online information retrieval; Joan S Mitchell: DDC 22: Dewey in the world, the world in Dewey; Diane Vizine-Goetz and Julianne Beall: Using literary warrant to define a version of the DDCfor automated classification services; B: Applications in Knowledge Representation 2 Gerhard J A Riesthuis and Maja Zumer: FRBR and FRANAR: subject access; Victoria Frâncu: An interpretation of the FRBR model; Moshe Y Sachs and Richard P Smiraglia: From encyclopedism to domain-based ontology for knowledge management: the evolution of the Sachs Classification (SC); Session 5 A: Knowledge Organization of Universal and Special Systems 2 Ágnes Hajdu Barát: Knowledge organization of the Universal Decimal Classification: new solutions, user friendly methods from Hungary; Ia C McIlwaine: A question of place; Aida Slavic and Maria Inês Cordeiro: Core requirements for automation of analytico-synthetic classifications;
B: Applications in Knowledge Representation 3 Barbara H Kwasnik and You-Lee Chun: Translation of classifications: issues and solutions as exemplified in the Korean Decimal Classification; Hur-Li Lee and Jennifer Clyde: Users' perspectives of the "Collection" and the online catalogue; Jens-Erik Mai: The role of documents, domains and decisions in indexing Session 6 A: Knowledge Organization of Universal and Special Systems 3 Stella G Dextre Clarke, Alan Gilchrist and Leonard Will: Revision and extension of thesaurus standards; Michèle Hudon: Conceptual compatibility in controlled language tools used to index and access the content of moving image collections; Antonio Garcia Jimdnez, Félix del Valle Gastaminza: From thesauri to ontologies: a case study in a digital visual context; Ali Asghar Shiri and Crawford Revie: End-user interaction with thesauri: an evaluation of cognitive overlap in search term selection; B: Special Applications Carol A Bean: Representation of medical knowledge for automated semantic interpretation of clinical reports; Chew-Hung Lee, Christopher Khoo and Jin-Cheon Na: Automatic identification of treatment relations for medical ontology learning: an exploratory study; A Neelameghan and M C Vasudevan: Integrating image files, case records of patients and Web resources: case study of a knowledge Base an tumours of the central nervous system; Nancy J Williamson: Complementary and alternative medicine: its place in the reorganized medical sciences in the Universal Decimal Classification; Session 7 A: Applications in Knowledge Representation 4 Claudio Gnoli: Naturalism vs pragmatism in knowledge organization; Wouter Schallier: On the razor's edge: between local and overall needs in knowledge organization; Danielle H Miller: User perception and the online catalogue: public library OPAC users "think aloud"; B: Knowledge Organization in Corporate Information Systems Anita S Coleman: Knowledge structures and the vocabulary of engineering novices; Evelyne Mounier and Céline Paganelli: The representation of knowledge contained in technical documents: the example of FAQs (frequently asked questions); Martin S van der Walt: A classification scheme for the organization of electronic documents in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs); Session 8 A: Knowledge Organization of Non-print Information: Sound, Image, Multimedia Laura M Bartoto, Cathy S Lowe and Sharon C Glotzer: Information management of microstructures: non-print, multidisciplinary information in a materials science digital library; Pauline Rafferty and Rob Hidderley: A survey of Image trieval tools; Richard P Smiraglia: Knowledge sharing and content genealogy: extensiog the "works" model as a metaphor for non-documentary artefacts with case studies of Etruscan artefacts; B: Linguistic and Cultural Approaches to Knowledge Organization 2 Graciela Rosemblat, Tony Tse and Darren Gemoets: Adapting a monolingual consumer health system for Spanish cross-language information retrieval; Matjaz Zalokar: Preparation of a general controlled vocabulary in Slovene and English for the COBISS.SI library information system, Slovenia; Marianne Dabbadie, Widad Mustafa El Hadi and Francois Fraysse: Coaching applications: a new concept for usage testing an information systems. Testing usage an a corporate information system with K-Now; Session 9 Theories of Knowledge and Knowledge Organization Keiichi Kawamura: Ranganathan and after: Coates' practice and theory; Shiyan Ou, Christopher Khoo, Dion H Goh and Hui-Ying Heng: Automatic discourse parsing of sociology dissertation abstracts as sentence categorization; Iolo Jones, Daniel Cunliffe, Douglas Tudhope: Natural language processing and knowledge organization systems as an aid to retrieval

Footnote

Das Rahmenthema der Tagung kam aufgrund des vor und nach der ISKO-Konferenz abgehaltenen "UN World Summit an an Information Society" zustande. Im Titel des Buches ist die "globale Wissensgesellschaft" freilich eher irreführend, da keiner der darin abgedruckten Beiträge zentral davon handelt. Der eine der beiden Vorträge, die den Begriff selbst im Titel anführen, beschäftigt sich mit der Konstruktion einer Taxonomie für "cultural literacy" (O'Keefe), der andere mit sogenannten "naiven Klassifikationssystemen" (Beghtol), d.h. solchen, die im Gegensatz zu "professionellen" Systemen von Personen ohne spezifisches Interesse an klassifikatorischen Fragen entwickelt wurden. Beiträge mit "multi-kulti"-Charakter behandeln etwa Fragen wie - kulturübergreifende Arbeit, etwa beim EU-Filmarchiv-Projekt Collate (Albrechtsen et al.) oder einem Projekt zur Maori-Kultur (Liew); - Mehrsprachigkeit bzw. Übersetzung, z.B. der koreanischen Dezimalklassifikation (Kwasnik & Chun), eines auf der Sears ListofSubject Headings basierenden slowenischen Schlagwortvokabulars (Zalokar), einer spanisch-englischen Schlagwortliste für Gesundheitsfragen (Rosemblat et al.); - universelle Klassifikationssysteme wie die Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation (Joan Mitchell über die DDC 22, sowie zwei weitere Beiträge) und die Internationale Dezimalklassifikation (la McIlwaine über Geographika, Nancy Williamson über Alternativ- und Komplementärmedizin in der UDC). Unter den 55 Beiträgen finden sich folgende - aus der Sicht des Rezensenten - besonders interessante thematische "Cluster": - OPAC-orientierte Beiträge, etwa über die Anforderungen bei derAutomatisierung analytisch-synthetischer Klassifikationssysteme (Slavic & Cordeiro) sowie Beiträge zu Benutzerforschung und -verhalten (Lee & Clyde; Miller); - Erschliessung und Retrieval von visuellen bzw. multimedialen Ressourcen, insbesondere mit Ausrichtung auf Thesauri (Hudin; Garcia Jimenez & De Valle Gastaminza; Rafferty & Hidderley); - Thesaurus-Standards (Dextre Clark et al.), Thesauri und Endbenutzer (Shiri & Revie); - Automatisches Klassifizieren (Vizine-Goetz & Beall mit Bezug auf die DDC; Na et al. über methodische Ansätze bei der Klassifizierung von Produktbesprechungen nach positiven bzw. negativen Gefühlsäusserungen); - Beiträge über (hierzulande) weniger bekannte Systeme wie Facettenklassifikation einschliesslich der Bliss-Klassifikation sowie der Umsetzung der Ideen von Ranganathan durch E.J. Coates (vier Vorträge), die Sachs-Klassifikation (Sachs & Smiraglia) sowie M. S. van der Walts Schema zur Klassifizierung elektronischer Dokumente in Klein- und Mittelbetrieben. Auch die übrigen Beiträge sind mehrheitlich interessant geschrieben und zeugen vom fachlichen Qualitätsstandard der ISKO-Konferenzen. Der Band kann daher bibliothekarischen bzw. informationswissenschaftlichen Ausbildungseinrichtungen sowie Bibliotheken mit Sammelinteresse für Literatur zu Klassifikationsfragen ausdrücklich empfohlen werden. Ausserdem darf der nächsten (= neunten) internationalen ISKO-Konferenz, die 2006 in Wien abgehalten werden soll, mit Interesse entgegengesehen werden.

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LCSH

Geographical perception

Subject

Geographical perception

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:22:32

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Content

Enthält die Abschnitte: (1) The Syntactic Approach to Information Answering a Question by Decreasing Randomness - The Syntactic Approach to Information I - The Syntactic Approach to Information II - Algorithmic Information Theory (2) The Semantic Approach to Information What Information is given by that Sentence? - Explicating Information by Possible Worlds - Strong Semantic Information - Do You Get Information in a Logic Course? (3) The Causal Approach to Information - The Information You Have but Do not Believe - The Causal Theory of Information Flow - Information in Externalist Epistemology - Perception, Belief, and the Problem of Misrepresentation (4) Situation Theory and Information - Bringing Ontology back into Information Theory - The Framework of Situation Semantics: - Information Architecture and Constraints (5) Information Flow in Distributed Systems - Renaming Your'Evening Star' Yields New Information - Information Flow within the Situation Framework - Information Flow and Paraconsistency -Get Yourself Involved into Impossible Situations - Genetic Information?

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Abstract

The virtual university environment provides librarians with new opportunities to contribute to the educational process. Building on the success of team-teaching a traditional liberal arts core course with composition and communications faculty, librarians and a communications professor worked together to integrate the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (2000) into the online environment. The resulting graduate-level course in multimedia literacy assembled faculty and curriculum resources normally untapped in traditional classrooms. All five information literacy standards covering need, access, evaluation, use and the social, economic, legal, and ethical issues surrounding information use were addressed. Readings and threaded discussions about intellectual property, fair use of copyrighted materials, the evaluation of free and fee-based Web information and Web page design and construction prepared students to work in groups to design and construct Web sites. Students also completed a capstone project in the form of individual Web portfolios, which demonstrated the information and multimedia principles they learned in the class. Assessment of information literacy skills occurred through the analysis of student discussion, evaluative annotations, Web site assignments, perception surveys, and a master's level comprehensive exam question. What was learned in this course will serve as a model for future collaborative partnerships in which faculty and librarians work together to ensure that students who learn from a distance truly master information literacy competencies.