Search (80 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

Openness is not a given on the Internet. Technical standards--the underlying architecture that enables interoperability among hardware and software from different manufacturers--increasingly control individual freedom and the pace of innovation in technology markets. Heated battles rage over the very definition of "openness" and what constitutes an open standard in information and communication technologies. In Opening Standards, experts from industry, academia, and public policy explore just what is at stake in these controversies, considering both economic and political implications of open standards. The book examines the effect of open standards on innovation, on the relationship between interoperability and public policy (and if government has a responsibility to promote open standards), and on intellectual property rights in standardization--an issue at the heart of current global controversies. Finally, Opening Standards recommends a framework for defining openness in twenty-first-century information infrastructures. Contributors discuss such topics as how to reflect the public interest in the private standards-setting process; why open standards have a beneficial effect on competition and Internet freedom; the effects of intellectual property rights on standards openness; and how to define standard, open standard, and software interoperability.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction: Global Controversies over Open Standards - The Politics of Interoperability / p. 1 - Injecting the public interest into ICT standards / John B. Morris -- The government at the standards bazaar / Stacy Baird -- Governments, the public interest, and standards setting / D. Linda Garcia -- Securing the root / Brenden Kuerbis and Milton Mueller -- Open document standards for government, the South Africa experience / Andrew Rens -- An economic basis for open standards / Rishab Ghosh -- Open innovation and interoperability / Nick Tsilas -- Standards, trade, and development / John Wilson -- Questioning copyright in standards / Pamela Samuelson -- Constructing legitimacy : the W3C's patent policy / Andrew Russell -- Common and uncommon knowledge : reducing conflict between standards and patents / Brian Kahin -- ICT standard setting today : a system under stress / Andrew Updegrove -- Software standards, openness, and interoperability / Robert Sutor -- Open standards : definition and policy / Ken Krechmer. Elektronische Ausgabe unter: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/academiccompletetitles/home.action; http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10496262.

LCSH

Computer networks / Standards / Government policy

Subject

Computer networks / Standards / Government policy

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Issue

Vol.22.

Signature

78 BAHH 1089-22

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Content

MACCALL, S.L., A.D. CLEVELAND U. I.E. GIBSON: Outline and preliminary evaluation of the classical digital library model. MACCALL, S.L., A.D. CLEVELAND: A relevance-based quantitative measure for Internet information retrieval evaluation. MAI, J.-E.: A postmodern theory of knowledge organization. PATRICK, T.B., M.C. SIEVERT U. J. RIES u.a.: Clustering terms in health care terminologies. PATRICK, T.B., M.C. SIEVERT U. M. POPESCU: Text indexing of images based on graphical image content. POLE, T.: Contextual classification in the Metadata Object Manager (M.O.M.). PRISS, U., E. JACOB: Utilizing faceted structures for information systems design. RORVIG, M., M.M. SMITH U. A. UEMURA: The N-gram hypothesis applied to matched sets of visualized Japanese-English technical documents. SCHAMBER, L., J. BATEMAN: Relevance criteria uses and importance: progress in development of a measurement scale. SMIRAGLIA, R.P.: Derivative bibliographic relationships among theological works. SU, L.T., H.L. CHEN: Evaluation of Web search engines by undergraduate students. TSE, T., S. VEGH U. G. MARCHIONINI u.a.: An exploratory study of video browsing user interface designs and research methodologies: effectiveness in information seeking tasks. WANG, P.: An empirical study of knowledge structures of research topics; SCULL, C. u.a.: Envisioning the Web: user expectations about the cyber-experience; WEISS, S.C.: The seamless, Web-based library: a meta site for the 21st century; DUGDALE, C.: Cooperation, coordination and cultural change for effective information management in the hybrid academic library. PRETTYMAN, M. u.a.: Electronic publication of health information in an object oriented environment. PRITCHARD, E.E.: Retrospective conversion of journal titles to online formats: which disciplines make good choices? SHARRETTS, C.W. u.a.: Electronic theses and dissertations at the University of Virginia. HAWK, W.B. u. P. WANG: Users' interaction with the World Wide Web: Problems & problem-solving. HARRIS, C. u.a. Temporal visualization for legal case histories. MARSHALL, R.: Rhetoric and policy: how is it being used in pornography and the Internet?

Date

22. 6.2005 9:44:50

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: 1. Die Grundlagen der Wissensorganisation Ingetraut Dahlberg: Zur Begriffskultur in den Sozialwissenschaften. Evaluation einer Herausforderung S.2 Gerhard Budin: Begriffliche Wissensorganisation in den Sozialwissenschaften: Theorien und Methodenvielfalt S.12 Gerd Bauer: Die vielseitigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Kategorienprinzips bei der Wissensorganisation S.22 Robert Fugmann: Die Nützlichkeit von semantischen Kategorien auf dern Gebiet der Informationsbereitstellung S.34 Gerhard Rahmtorf: Wege zur Ontologie S.37 2. Wissensordnung und Gesellschaft Raphael Beer: Ungleiches Wissen und demokratische Legitimation S.50 Elisabeth Wallnöfer Köstlin: Zum Charakter chiasmatischen Wissens S.66 Maik Adomßent: Konstitutive Elemente nachhaltiger Wissensgenerierung und -organisation S.70 Walther Umstätter: Knowledge Economy und die Privatisierung von Bibliotheken S.85 Peter Ohly: Bibliometrie in der Postmoderne S.103 Marthinus S. van der Walt: Ethics in Indexing and Classification S.115 Heike Winschiers, Jens Felder & Barbara Paterson: Nachhaltige Wissensorganisation durch kulturelle Synthese S122 3. Pädagogische Wissensorganisation Henry Milder: Knowledge related policy and civic literacy S.130 Christian Swertz: Globalisierung und Individualisierung als Bildungsziele S.140 Wolfgang David: Der Einfluss epistemologischer Überzeugungen auf Wissenserwerb S.147 Monika Witsch: Cyberlaw für den Jugendschutz - Eine pädagogische Bewertung von Internetzensur vor dem Hintergrund rechtsextremer Homepages S.152 Nicole Zillien: "Nächste Folie, bitte!" - Der Einsatz von Präsentationsprogrammen zur Wissensvermittlung und Wissensbewahrung S.159 Wolfgang Semar: Kollaborative Leistungsevaluation beim Einsatz von Wissensmanagementsystemen in der Ausbildung S.169

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Abstract

Will the emerging global information infrastructure (GII) create a revolution in communication equivalent to that wrought by Gutenberg, or will the result be simply the evolutionary adaptation of existing behavior and institutions to new media? Will the GII improve access to information for all? Will it replace libraries and publishers? How can computers and information systems be made easier to use? What are the trade-offs between tailoring information systems to user communities and standardizing them to interconnect with systems designed for other communities, cultures, and languages? This book takes a close look at these and other questions of technology, behavior, and policy surrounding the GII. Topics covered include the design and use of digital libraries; behavioral and institutional aspects of electronic publishing; the evolving role of libraries; the life cycle of creating, using, and seeking information; and the adoption and adaptation of information technologies. The book takes a human-centered perspective, focusing on how well the GII fits into the daily lives of the people it is supposed to benefit. Taking a unique holistic approach to information access, the book draws on research and practice in computer science, communications, library and information science, information policy, business, economics, law, political science, sociology, history, education, and archival and museum studies. It explores both domestic and international issues. The author's own empirical research is complemented by extensive literature reviews and analyses

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Classification

327.12 22

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).

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Classification

303.48/33 22 (LoC)

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303.48/33 22 (LoC)

Footnote

The volume is organized into 13 sections, each of which contains between two and eight conference papers. As with most conferences, the papers do not cover the issues in each section with equal weight or depth but the editors have grouped papers into reasonable patterns. Section 1 covers "understanding online behavior" with eight papers on problems such as e-learning attitudes, the neuropsychology of HCI, Japanese blogger motivation, and the dividing line between computer addiction and high engagement. Sections 2 (personality and computer attitudes), 3 (cyber interactions), and 4 (new interaction methods) each contain only two papers on topics such as helmet-mounted displays, online energy audits, and the use of ICT in family life. Sections 6, 7, and 8 focus on gender issues with papers on career development, the computer literacy of Malaysian women, mentoring, gaming, and faculty job satisfaction. Sections 9 and 10 move to a broader examination of cyber society and its diversity concerns with papers on cultural identity, virtual architecture, economic growth's impact on culture, and Iranian development impediments. Section 11's two articles on advertising might well have been merged with those of section 13's ebusiness. Section 12 addressed education with papers on topics such as computer-assisted homework, assessment, and Web-based learning. It would have been useful to introduce each section with a brief definition of the theme, summaries of the major contributions of the authors, and analyses of the gaps that might be addressed in future conferences. Despite the aforementioned concerns, this volume does provide a uniquely rich array of technological analyses embedded in social context. An examination of recent works in related areas finds nothing that is this complex culturally or that has such diversity of disciplines. Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Klinenberg, 2005), Perspectives and Policies on ICT in Society (Berleur & Avgerou, 2005), and Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Information Technology (Brennan & Johnson, 2004) address various aspects of the society/Internet intersection but this volume is unique in its coverage of psychology, gender, and culture issues in cyberspace. The lip service often given to global concerns and the value of interdisciplinary analysis of intransigent social problems seldom develop into a genuine willingness to listen to unfamiliar research paradigms. Academic silos and cultural islands need conferences like this one-willing to take on the risk of examining the large questions in an intellectually open space. Editorial and methodological concerns notwithstanding, this volume merits review and, where appropriate, careful consideration across disciplines."

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Editor

School of Information Science and Policy

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Date

2.10.2006 12:31:22

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Date

22. 3.2008 12:21:28

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Date

17. 7.2002 19:48:22

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Date

29. 7.2001 10:22:25

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Date

29. 8.2005 12:54:22

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Date

22.10.2006 18:22:51

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.12, S.1711-1712 (J. Cullen): "Compact concise texts usually prove more difficult to review than large detailed tomes. How does the reviewer summarize, analyze, and critique when the author has successfully achieved this on behalf of the reader? Writers such as Eric Von Hippel communicate their authority in accessible terms, and with an amazing economy of language, that it is difficult not to be impressed with their arguments. The appeal of concepts such as lead-user innovation comes at a time when the issue of innovation is front-and-center of enterprise policy in many developed economies. In my country, Ireland, we have settled into a period of largely positive growth forecasts following a brief downturn in the wake of our "Celtic Tiger" boom years. As the mist of the post-boom negatives (high-inflation, transport congestion, etc.) clears, like other Western nations we increasingly observe the outsourcing of traditional manufacturing industries to lower-cost economies. We are left with little doubt that sustaining our prosperity requires developing of a culture of business creativity and innovation. The emergence of potent social and business forces underline how customization of established products and technologies is something that has long appealed to creative experimenters. Von Hippel has been something of an advocate for the role of user as innovator for some time, a role which challenges the paradigm of manufacturers innovating, and users consuming. From the outset, he acknowledges the fears how open source and customer-led innovation might sound to firms who invest heavily in research and development, but provides a compelling argument for its benefits. . . . Finally, Von Hippel "puts his money where his mouth is" so-tospeak, and makes an electronic version of Democratizing Innovation available for download under a Creative Commons license."