Search (285 results, page 1 of 15)

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Abstract

A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory

Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Abstract

Technological changes are occuring rapidly and students entering colleges are bringing very disparate computer skills and attitudes. Some students are reluctant to embrace new technologies, others demand electronic resources for all assignments. By considering the computer access and Internet resources available to elementary school students today, it is possible to imagine what tomorrow's users will expect from libraries. Although college students may arrive at libraries with increased computer skills, their knowledge of electronic information may be lacking. Defines information literacy with an overview of information literacy skills. The Digital Information Literacy programme at Texas University at Austin serves as a case study for integrating information literacy skills into traditional services and partnerships

Source

Internet reference services quarterly. 2(1997) nos.2/3, S.93-111

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Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

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Abstract

Controversies in modern ideas in social work directly reflect controversies in attitudes toward computer applications. Fundamental to modern problems with technology is the persisting dispute between 2 philosophical traditions. On one side there is the formal and technically oriented thinking: on the other the reflexive, dialectical and hermeneutical approach. The reappearance of the conflict in actual discussion is described considering data storage, formal methodology and the social impact of computer use

Source

Computers in human services. 9(1993) nos.3/4, S.455-463

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Abstract

Navigation is a limited metaphor for hypermedia and website use that potentially constraints our understanding of human-computer interaction. Traces the emergence of the navigation metaphor and the emprical analysis of navigation measures in usability evaluation before suggesting an alternative concept to consider: shape. The shape concept affords a richer analytic tool for considering humans' use of digital documents and invokes social level analysis of meaning that are shared among discourse communities who both produce and consume the information resources

Date

6. 2.1999 20:10:22

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Abstract

The concepts of 'information literacy' and 'digital literacy' are described, and reviewed, by way of a literature survey and analysis. Related concepts, including computer literacy, library literacy, network literacy, Internet literacy and hyper-literacy are also discussed, and their relationships elucidated. After a general introduction, the paper begins with the basic concept of 'literacy', which is then expanded to include newer forms of literacy, more suitable for complex information environments. Some of these, for example library, media and computer literacies, are based largely on specific skills, but have some extension beyond them. They lead togeneral concepts, such as information literacy and digital literacy which are based on knowledge, perceptions and attitudes, though reliant on the simpler skills-based literacies

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Date

22. 7.2000 19:05:31

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Abstract

Es klingt wie Science-Fiction, aber Facebock arbeitet wirklich daran: Das Online-Netzwerk forscht an einer Technologie, mit der Menschen ihre Gedanken ohne Umweg über eine Tastatur direkt in einen Computer schreiben können.

Date

22. 7.2004 9:42:33
22. 4.2017 11:58:05

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Abstract

In April 2010, Bill Gates gave a talk at MIT in which he asked: 'are the brightest minds working on the most important problems?' Gates meant improving the lives of the poorest; improving education, health, and nutrition. We could easily add improving peaceful interactions, human rights, environmental conditions, living standards and so on. Philosophy of Information (PI) proponents think that Gates has a point - but this doesn't mean we should all give up philosophy. Philosophy can be part of this project, because philosophy understood as conceptual design forges and refines the new ideas, theories, and perspectives that we need to understand and address these important problems that press us so urgently. Of course, this naturally invites us to wonder which ideas, theories, and perspectives philosophers should be designing now. In our global information society, many crucial challenges are linked to information and communication technologies: the constant search for novel solutions and improvements demands, in turn, changing conceptual resources to understand and cope with them. Rapid technological development now pervades communication, education, work, entertainment, industrial production and business, healthcare, social relations and armed conflicts. There is a rich mine of philosophical work to do on the new concepts created right here, right now.
Here, we introduce PI now. We cover core ideas, explaining how they relate both to traditional philosophy, and to the conceptual issues arising all over the place - such as in computer science, AI, natural and social sciences, as well as in popular culture. This is the first version, for 2013. Next year we'll tell you about PI 2014. We hope you love PI as much as we do! If so, let us have your feedback, and come back in 2014. Maybe some of you will ultimately join us as researchers. Either way, enjoy it. Yours, Patrick, Bert, Simon, Nir, Federico, Carson, Phyllis, Andrew, Eric, Giuseppe, Federica, Christoph, Mariarosaria, Matteo, Orlin, and Hector.

Content

Vgl. auch unter: http://www.socphilinfo.org/teaching/book-pi-intro: "This book serves as the main reference for an undergraduate course on Philosophy of Information. The book is written to be accessible to the typical undergraduate student of Philosophy and does not require propaedeutic courses in Logic, Epistemology or Ethics. Each chapter includes a rich collection of references for the student interested in furthering her understanding of the topics reviewed in the book. The book covers all the main topics of the Philosophy of Information and it should be considered an overview and not a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of a philosophical area. As a consequence, 'The Philosophy of Information: a Simple Introduction' does not contain research material as it is not aimed at graduate students or researchers. The book is available for free in multiple formats and it is updated every twelve months by the team of the p Research Network: Patrick Allo, Bert Baumgaertner, Anthony Beavers, Simon D'Alfonso, Penny Driscoll, Luciano Floridi, Nir Fresco, Carson Grubaugh, Phyllis Illari, Eric Kerr, Giuseppe Primiero, Federica Russo, Christoph Schulz, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Matteo Turilli, Orlin Vakarelov. (*) The version for 2013 is now available as a pdf. The content of this version will soon be integrated in the redesign of the teaching-section. The beta-version from last year will provisionally remain accessible through the Table of Content on this page."

Editor

PI Research Network

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Abstract

Presents a theoretical model of messages and communication processes. Describes a way to create optimal persuasive messages from natural language texts. The model avoids the limitations of categorical content analysis, both manual and computerized. Network analysis provides a relational paradigm for statistically based message research. Illustrates applications of word-network theory and method to different problems using examples

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Abstract

Purpose - Information, owing to its nature, has numerous capabilities. Through utilizing these capabilities, information systems can add to the value of information. The purpose of this paper is to explain where and how added value emerges from the work processes in library and information professions. Design/methodology/approach - The paper begins with a review of the related literature and then takes a conceptual approach to discuss different values of information and IR systems; elaborates on how each of the processes such as assessment of needs, selection, description/organization, storage/processing, search/retrieval, and dissemination generate capabilities that lead to added value. Findings - The paper identifies that added value is generated through processes such as reproduction, exchange, transfer, refinement, analysis, interpretation, synthesis, and regeneration of information. Many such processes turn information into knowledge. Research limitations/implications - This paper is based on the author's reflections on the matter of added value generated by library and information practice. Further empirical studies are needed to substantiate the extent to which such values are generated through information systems and services in the real world. Practical implications - Librarians and information specialists can find through their working practice how to design systems and services which can generate added value for information. Originality/value - In the present evolving conditions, library and information professionals are able to add to the value of information by sharing their knowledge with the expertise of computer scientists and finding a variety of ways and up-to-date methods of optimizing existing systems, as well as designing new systems. These are the two strategies along which the profession should guide its educational, research and practical endeavors.

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Abstract

It is argued that the current generation of online catalogues do not meet basic user expectations about how to search for information. After a brief examination of virtual reality and its associated technology, a new form of online catalogue, the 'virtual reality library' is proposed. Users browse an information space, a computer-controlled set of shelf orderings for items. Its form, workings and design are investigated in detail. The concept of the virtual reality library is then applied to information resources which either have no physical repository or have one which is not accessible to users

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Abstract

The central problem with understanding brain and mind is the neural code issue: understanding the matter of our brain as basis for the phenomena of our mind. The richness with which our mind represents our environment, the parsimony of genetic data, the tremendous efficiency with which the brain learns from scant sensory input and the creativity with which our mind constructs mental worlds all speak in favor of mind as an emergent phenomenon. This raises the further issue of how the neural code supports these processes of organization. The central point of this communication is that the neural code has the form of structured net fragments that are formed by network self-organization, activate and de-activate on the functional time scale, and spontaneously combine to form larger nets with the same basic structure.

Date

27.12.2020 16:56:22

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Abstract

Discusses information in the context of information resources management arguing that it is an essential resource for every organization but one that needs to be managed better. Examines information as a resource, as an asset, as a commodity, as a rubbish

Source

Managing information. 3(1996) no.6, S.22-23

Theme

Information Resources Management

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Abstract

Examines the complex relationship between information investment and socio-economic development with special reference to the relevance and appropriateness of the information services offered to developinf countries. Emphasises the importance of cultural relativism in the varying potential of information to influence social development. Proposes a civic networking model which contributes to the empowerment of the people by ensuring that: citizens are provided with free or subsidized access to community (and other) information resources; the local community has a high level of equity/ownership in the design and maintenance of the information system/service; and content is locally negotiated and validated

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Abstract

Information researchers are more concerned with exploring myths than advancing the field. Rejects the concept of information, claiming it to be reminiscent of the pipeline metaphor of communication. This claim is based on a constructive world view, sometimes recognised as radical constructivism, sometimes as second order cybernetics, but regarded here as sensible realism. Hence redefines information resources management as data management, since the only thing that can be stored, transferred or received in information systems is data. Their design must be based on this fact. Object orientation must be recognised as a superior approach when developing systems. Common data protocol design is the single most important task for the systems designer and systems performance cannot be improved through computer-human interface design

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Abstract

Alternative Fakten? Wie konnte es passieren, dass Gerücht, Lüge, Fakt und Wahrheit ununterscheidbar wurden? Robert Feustel untersucht die Wissensgeschichte von der Industrialisierung bis zur Digitalisierung und zeigt, wie im sogenannten Informationszeitalter ebenjene "Information" zum Heiligen Geist mutierte und den Unterschied zwischen Wahrheit und Lüge einebnet: Hauptsache sie zirkulieren möglichst reibungslos und in Echtzeit. Schließlich gerät auch das Bild des Menschen in den Sog der Digitalisierung. Was unterscheidet das menschliche Denken vom prozessierenden Computer?

Date

1. 1.2019 11:22:34

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Abstract

At a time when competition for scarce resources is tougher than ever, policy makers, decision makers, and information specialists alike, can no longer be satisfied with general assumptions which describe the role of information in the achievement of individual, organizational and societal goals as being 'a critical resource'. An international project called 'Impact of the information on development' is carried out by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC, Canada) with a view to test suitable apporaches for the assessment of the benefits derived from all types of information activities in the devloping countries. This effort aims at assembling more solid evidence of the benefits associated with information. Presents the rationale for the project and its progress to date. Discusses the main features of the suggested problem and its progress to date. Discusses the main features of the suggested problem and constituency centred approach to impact assessment. Future developments,in the project call for the establishment of a decentralized research network. While the IDRC project has to be focused exclusively on developing countries, the issues raised are infact of universal significance. On the basis of the outcome of the project so far, attempts at presenting a review, from a personal perspective, of the many research questions related to the concepts of information and development, the impact of information and the methodological and practical constraints in its assessment

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Abstract

This paper shows a technique for examining information within its context, drawing together threads from anthropology, sociology, psychology, and organisational theory. As stated in the call for papers, the formalisation of `things' `into formation' is a partial, precarious and political activity. On the other hand, when applied appropriately, this process can also be a powerful means of achieving an understanding about a setting, albeit with a particular perspective. One such approach is presented here of looking at this idea of `information' as both the product of an analysis, and its use in an organising capacity. There is an applied need for providing rich descriptions of action in real world settings both in the development of work-appropriate technology, and to support organisational change. This requirement has lead to, and been informed by, the development of theoretical frameworks to organise this information. Amongst others, these include ethnomethodology, situation theory, actor network theory and activity theory. A relatively new framework that allows researchers to organise task related information about activity and context is distributed cognition (Hutchins, 1995a,b), developed specifically to analyse and provide resources for redesigning systems (Rogers & Ellis, 1994) by examining their information processing characteristics.