-
Buxton, A.B.: International gateways (1991)
0.09
0.088223405 = product of:
0.20585461 = sum of:
0.11861108 = weight(_text_:europe in 7942) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11861108 = score(doc=7942,freq=2.0), product of:
0.25178367 = queryWeight, product of:
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.4710833 = fieldWeight in 7942, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7942)
0.061792135 = weight(_text_:case in 7942) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061792135 = score(doc=7942,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18173204 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.34001783 = fieldWeight in 7942, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7942)
0.02545139 = product of:
0.05090278 = sum of:
0.05090278 = weight(_text_:studies in 7942) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05090278 = score(doc=7942,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16494368 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.30860704 = fieldWeight in 7942, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7942)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.42857143 = coord(3/7)
- Abstract
- Describes types of international gateways available for online searching. Public data networks are provided by national telecommunications authorities. Private data networks are run by an organization for its own use, or for customers of its services. Academic data networks are a special case of private networks which serve the the academic and research communications. Gives details of a number of academic networks: JANET, BITNET, NETNORTH, EARN, Internet. Describes the gateways between JANET and the UK public data network, EARN and Internet. Describes the international X.25 infrastructure (IXI) network which is organized by COSINE (Cooperation for OSI networking in Europe) programme which aims to provide OSI-based services for European researchers
- Source
- Standards for the international exchange of bibliographic information: papers presented at a course held at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, 3-18 August 1990. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
-
Jasper, D.: Alles über Online (1996)
0.03
0.033888884 = product of:
0.23722216 = sum of:
0.23722216 = weight(_text_:europe in 4933) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.23722216 = score(doc=4933,freq=2.0), product of:
0.25178367 = queryWeight, product of:
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.9421666 = fieldWeight in 4933, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4933)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Object
- Europe Online
-
Maier-Rabler, U.: Austrian information highway initiatives in the stage of disillusionment (1996)
0.02
0.016944442 = product of:
0.11861108 = sum of:
0.11861108 = weight(_text_:europe in 7006) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11861108 = score(doc=7006,freq=2.0), product of:
0.25178367 = queryWeight, product of:
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.4710833 = fieldWeight in 7006, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.091085 = idf(docFreq=271, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=7006)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Discusses Austrian government policy on the information superhighway (ISH) since Aug. 94. The Austrian telecommunications infrastructure is far behind the standards of Europe. The Austrain PTT monopoly over the public telecommunications network is an obstacle to development. The rates for data services are still based on copper cable with transmission speeds of 9600 Kbps. Although there are various ISH initiatives in Austria, the gap between vision and reality is large. Describes the initiatives of the Austrian National Host and the Bureau for International Research and Technology Cooperation; the Austrian Platform for Telematic Applications; BNet (Burgenland); Telematik Initiative Wien; TELKIS Telekommunikationsinitiative Steiermark; Datahighway Upper Austria; Vorarlberger Telekommunikations GmbH; Telematik Initiative; Datenbahn Telecom GmbH (Salzburg); Ti-KOM (Tirol) and other initiatives
-
Phifer, L.A.: Tearing down the wall : integrating ISO and Internet management (1994)
0.02
0.015565993 = product of:
0.10896195 = sum of:
0.10896195 = weight(_text_:management in 1496) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10896195 = score(doc=1496,freq=18.0), product of:
0.13932906 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.7820475 = fieldWeight in 1496, product of:
4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
18.0 = termFreq=18.0
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1496)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- The rapid growth of the Internet TCP/IP networks has encouraged the deployment of management products based on the Internet's Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). However, many organizations, including most telecommunications service providers, continue to define enterprise management solutions based on ISO/CCITT standard management and underlying Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP). Concludes that the key to achieving timely, effective, integrated management is to encourage a transition process aimed away from existing commercial investment in both ISO/CCITT and Internet based management technologies through deployment of common methods and tools which support integration
- Source
- Journal of network and systems management. 2(1994) no.3, S.317-322
-
Lynch, C.A.: ¬The Z39.50 information retrieval standard : part I: a strategic view of its past, present and future (1997)
0.01
0.012013811 = product of:
0.042048335 = sum of:
0.015565991 = weight(_text_:management in 1262) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.015565991 = score(doc=1262,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13932906 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.11172107 = fieldWeight in 1262, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1262)
0.026482344 = weight(_text_:case in 1262) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.026482344 = score(doc=1262,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18173204 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.14572193 = fieldWeight in 1262, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=1262)
0.2857143 = coord(2/7)
- Abstract
- The Z39.50 standard for information retrieval is important from a number of perspectives. While still not widely known within the computer networking community, it is a mature standard that represents the culmination of two decades of thinking and debate about how information retrieval functions can be modeled, standardized, and implemented in a distributed systems environment. And - importantly -- it has been tested through substantial deployment experience. Z39.50 is one of the few examples we have to date of a protocol that actually goes beyond codifying mechanism and moves into the area of standardizing shared semantic knowledge. The extent to which this should be a goal of the protocol has been an ongoing source of controversy and tension within the developer community, and differing views on this issue can be seen both in the standard itself and the way that it is used in practice. Given the growing emphasis on issues such as "semantic interoperability" as part of the research agenda for digital libraries (see Clifford A. Lynch and Hector Garcia-Molina. Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda, Report on the May 18-19, 1995 IITA Libraries Workshop, <http://www- diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>), the insights gained by the Z39.50 community into the complex interactions among various definitions of semantics and interoperability are particularly relevant. The development process for the Z39.50 standard is also of interest in its own right. Its history, dating back to the 1970s, spans a period that saw the eclipse of formal standards-making agencies by groups such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and informal standards development consortia. Moreover, in order to achieve meaningful implementation, Z39.50 had to move beyond its origins in the OSI debacle of the 1980s. Z39.50 has also been, to some extent, a victim of its own success -- or at least promise. Recent versions of the standard are highly extensible, and the consensus process of standards development has made it hospitable to an ever-growing set of new communities and requirements. As this process of extension has proceeded, it has become ever less clear what the appropriate scope and boundaries of the protocol should be, and what expectations one should have of practical interoperability among implementations of the standard. Z39.50 thus offers an excellent case study of the problems involved in managing the evolution of a standard over time. It may well offer useful lessons for the future of other standards such as HTTP and HTML, which seem to be facing some of the same issues.
This paper, which will appear in two parts, starting with this issue of D-Lib, looks at several strategic issues surrounding Z39.50. After a relatively brief overview of the function and history of the protocol, I will examine some of the competing visions of the protocol's role, with emphasis on issues of interoperability and the incorporation of semantics. The second installment of the paper will look at questions related to the management of the standard and the standards development process, with emphasis on the scope of the protocol and how that relates back again to interoperability questions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the adoption and deployment of the standard, its relationship to other standards, and some speculations on future directions for the protocol. This paper is not intended to be a tutorial on the details of how current or past versions of Z39.50 work. These technical details are covered not only in the standard itself (which can admittedly be rather difficult reading) but also in an array of tutorial and review papers (see <http://lcweb.loc.gov/z3950/agency> for bibliographies and pointers to on-line information on Z39.50). Instead, the paper's focus is on how and why Z39.50 developed the way it did, and the conceptual debates that have influenced its evolution and use. While a detailed technical knowledge of the operation of Z39.50 is certainly helpful, it should not be necessary in order to follow most of the material here. Some disclaimers are in order. I have been actively involved in the development of Z39.50 since the early 1980s and have been a participant -- and on occasion, even an instigator -- of some of the activities described here. This paper is an attempt to make a critical assessment of the current state of Z39.50 and a review of its development with the full benefit of hindsight. It recounts a number of debates that occurred within the developer community over the past years. In many of these, I advocated specific positions or approaches, sometimes successfully and sometimes unsuccessfully. What is presented here is one person's perspective - mine --, which is sometimes at odds with the current consensus with the developer community; I've tried to represent opposing views fairly, and to differentiate my opinions from fact or consensus. However, others will undoubtedly disagree with many of the comments here.
-
Lienemann, G.: TCP/IP-Praxis : Design, Management, Analyse (1996)
0.01
0.011859803 = product of:
0.08301862 = sum of:
0.08301862 = weight(_text_:management in 8106) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08301862 = score(doc=8106,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13932906 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.5958457 = fieldWeight in 8106, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=8106)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
-
Lazinger, S.S.; Peritz, B.C.: Reader use of a nationwide research library network : local OPAC vs. remote files (1991)
0.01
0.011033435 = product of:
0.077234045 = sum of:
0.077234045 = sum of:
0.043630954 = weight(_text_:studies in 3013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.043630954 = score(doc=3013,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16494368 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.26452032 = fieldWeight in 3013, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3013)
0.033603087 = weight(_text_:22 in 3013) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.033603087 = score(doc=3013,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 3013, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3013)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- The primary objective of the present study was to exmine whether readers conducting bibliographic searches in ALEPH - Israel's research library network - tend to search only within the OPAC of the library within which they are working or whether they access the remote OPACs of other libraries. The ALEPH network has a dezentralized database. Therefore, it was possible to examine this question because each library has its own access code and each database can be searched separately. The data were collected by means of a one-page questionnaire lefr beside each terminal in the library of the Graduate School of Library and Archive Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem during an entire academic years. results of analysis of the data collected in this survey are presented in 6 tables
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 13:06:18
-
Millsap, L.; Ferl, T.E.: Search patterns of remote users : an analysis of OPAC transaction logs (1993)
0.01
0.008827448 = product of:
0.061792135 = sum of:
0.061792135 = weight(_text_:case in 6038) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.061792135 = score(doc=6038,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18173204 = queryWeight, product of:
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.34001783 = fieldWeight in 6038, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.3964143 = idf(docFreq=1480, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=6038)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- The focus of this study is the search behavior of remote users of the University of California MELVYL Library System, an OPAC. Transaction logs from randomly selected remote user search sessions are analyzed. Descriptive data on the number and type of searches, choice of search mode and database, number of retrievals, number and type of errors, and use of system HELP facilities are presented. The search data have been cross-tabulated with demographic data on the same group of remote users, collected through an online survey conducted by the authors. Effectiveness of system usage is discussed. A case mode is made for the desirability of additional heuristics in the catalog portion of the system
-
Petry, W.; Werner, H.-J.: Anwendertraum: Kommunikations- und Retrieval-Software im Vergleich (1993)
0.01
0.0064005884 = product of:
0.04480412 = sum of:
0.04480412 = product of:
0.08960824 = sum of:
0.08960824 = weight(_text_:22 in 4147) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08960824 = score(doc=4147,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 4147, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4147)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Cogito. 9(1993) H.2, S.18-22
-
Joy, F.; Murray, R.: ¬The World-Wide Web and Z39.50 : which way for libraries? (1995)
0.01
0.0059299017 = product of:
0.04150931 = sum of:
0.04150931 = weight(_text_:management in 3997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04150931 = score(doc=3997,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13932906 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.29792285 = fieldWeight in 3997, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3997)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- The function of the W3, like that of Z39.50, is to offer access to networked information, and they appear to have similar client/server architectures. However, libraries need both because of the W3's lack of support for the advanced search, retrieval and management facilities that are expected of modern OPACs and are offered by Z39.50. Current research is involved in developing hybrid W3/Z39.50 services
-
Renouard, H. von: Fachwörterbuch Elektronische Medien und Dienste : Dictionary of electronic media and services (1997)
0.01
0.0059299017 = product of:
0.04150931 = sum of:
0.04150931 = weight(_text_:management in 6785) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04150931 = score(doc=6785,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13932906 = queryWeight, product of:
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.29792285 = fieldWeight in 6785, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.3706124 = idf(docFreq=4130, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6785)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- This topical dictionary covers all aspects of telecommunication and multimedia applications, including personal computing and Windows terms. A total of 25.000 headwords and 11 tables cover ISDN, radio telephony, net and Internet technology, and net management concepts and standards. Numerous abbreviations are also listed with explanatory comments and cross-references to norms and standards, and tables of all CCITT norms are given in an appendix. More than just a dictionary, this book will be an indispensible reference for all who work in telecommunications and information technology
-
Petry, W.: Datenreisen billiger : wie man Telekommunikationskosten sparen kann (1994)
0.01
0.005600515 = product of:
0.039203603 = sum of:
0.039203603 = product of:
0.078407206 = sum of:
0.078407206 = weight(_text_:22 in 8109) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.078407206 = score(doc=8109,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 8109, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=8109)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Cogito. 10(1994) H.4, S.17-22
-
Matthews, J.R.; Parker, M.R.: Local Area Networks and Wide Area Networks for libraries (1995)
0.01
0.005600515 = product of:
0.039203603 = sum of:
0.039203603 = product of:
0.078407206 = sum of:
0.078407206 = weight(_text_:22 in 2656) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.078407206 = score(doc=2656,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 2656, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2656)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Date
- 30.11.1995 20:53:22
-
Scheuerer, J.: Onlinebanking (1997)
0.00
0.004800441 = product of:
0.033603087 = sum of:
0.033603087 = product of:
0.067206174 = sum of:
0.067206174 = weight(_text_:22 in 354) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.067206174 = score(doc=354,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 354, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=354)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Source
- Com!. 1997, H.8, S.22-24
-
Berezak-Lazarus, N.: ADSL - Auf der Überholspur durch die Multimedia-Welt (1999)
0.00
0.004800441 = product of:
0.033603087 = sum of:
0.033603087 = product of:
0.067206174 = sum of:
0.067206174 = weight(_text_:22 in 5935) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.067206174 = score(doc=5935,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5935, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5935)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Internet Professionell 2000, H.2, S.22
-
Cerf, V.G.: Netztechnik (1995)
0.00
0.004000368 = product of:
0.028002575 = sum of:
0.028002575 = product of:
0.05600515 = sum of:
0.05600515 = weight(_text_:22 in 877) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05600515 = score(doc=877,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 877, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=877)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Pages
- S.22-31
-
Duhm, U.: Ring frei zur nächsten Runde (1999)
0.00
0.004000368 = product of:
0.028002575 = sum of:
0.028002575 = product of:
0.05600515 = sum of:
0.05600515 = weight(_text_:22 in 2955) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05600515 = score(doc=2955,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2955, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2955)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Date
- 19. 2.1999 20:21:22
-
Sloan, B.G.: Remote access : design implications for the online catalog (1991)
0.00
0.0028002574 = product of:
0.019601801 = sum of:
0.019601801 = product of:
0.039203603 = sum of:
0.039203603 = weight(_text_:22 in 3696) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.039203603 = score(doc=3696,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14475311 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 3696, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3696)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Date
- 8. 1.2007 17:22:42
-
Hinich, M.J.; Molyneux, R.E.: Predicting information flows in network traffic (2003)
0.00
0.002597081 = product of:
0.018179566 = sum of:
0.018179566 = product of:
0.03635913 = sum of:
0.03635913 = weight(_text_:studies in 5155) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03635913 = score(doc=5155,freq=2.0), product of:
0.16494368 = queryWeight, product of:
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.041336425 = queryNorm
0.22043361 = fieldWeight in 5155, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.9902744 = idf(docFreq=2222, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5155)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.14285715 = coord(1/7)
- Abstract
- Hinich and Molyneux review the literature of internet measurement and note three results consistently to be found in network traffic studies. These are "self-similarity," "long-range dependence," by which is meant that events in one time are correlated with events in a previous time and remain so through longer time periods than expected, and "heavy tails" by which they mean many small connections with low byte counts and a few long connections with large byte counts. The literature also suggests that conventional time series analysis is not helpful for network analysis. Using a single day's traffic at the Berkeley National Labs web server, cumulated TCP flows were collected, log transforms were used with the adding of .01 to all values allowing log transforms of the zero values, and providing a distribution that overcomes the heavy tail problem. However, Hinich's bicorrelation test for nonlinearity using overlapping moving windows found strong evidence of nonlinear structures. Time series analysis assumes linear systems theory and thus additivity and scalability. Spectral analysis should provide large peaks at the lowest frequencies if long range dependence is present since the power spectrum would go to infinity if the frequency goes to zero. This does not occur and so long range dependence must be questioned, at least until it is determined what effect other OSI layers may have on the TCP data.
