-
Digital libraries: current issues : Digital Libraries Workshop DL 94, Newark, NJ, May 19-20, 1994. Selected papers (1995)
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- Abstract
- This volume is the first book coherently summarizing the current issues in digital libraries research, design and management. It presents, in a homogeneous way, thoroughly revised versions of 15 papers accepted for the First International Workshop on Digital Libraries, DL '94, held at Rutgers University in May 1994; in addition there are two introductory chapters provided by the volume editors, as well as a comprehensive bibliography listing 262 entries. Besides introductory aspects, the topics addressed are administration and management, information retrieval and hypertext, classification and indexing, and prototypes and applications. The volume is intended for researchers and design professionals in the field, as well as for experts from libraries administration and scientific publishing.
- Date
- 22. 1.1996 18:26:45
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Hauptman, R.; Anderson, C.L.: ¬The people speak : the dispersion and impact of technology in American libraries (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reviews selected surveys of the status of technological applications in librarires and reports results of a survey, of 200 public libraries, 200 school libraries, 200 special libraries, and 200 college libraries and university libraries, randomly selected from the American Library Directory, to investigate the current attitudes towards technological applications and implementations. Results indicate that very few professional information professionals believe that their facilities contain state of the art equipment: a conclusion strengthened by the fact that only one third of the respondents have OPACs or use electronic mail, and less than 50% have access to CD-ROMs. In the case of the more esoteric applications, only 2% make use of expert systems, only 4% have hypertext, and 8% have voice mail. Concludes that, as money tightens throughout the 90s, libraries will have to seek out new technologies as a means of delivering quality information services at a reasonable cost
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Valauskas, E.J.: Libraries as multimedia machines : the impossibility of digital collections (1995)
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- Abstract
- The concept of a digital library has been stimulated by recent advances in computing technology. These developments hold the promise of transforming libraries into interactive centres of learning and research by virtue of inexpensive digital storage, easy-to-use search engines, and powerful computing hardware. However, libraries are handicapped in their move to digital collections by enormous legal problems in securing rights to much of the current literature. Solutions to this dilemma are not on the immediate horizon, but eventually will include changes in the current copyright law and technological arrangements to protect the interests of the owners of intellectual property. Suggests that librarians might find a more valuable role not in getting information to an electronic state, but in being its organizers and facilitators
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Halman, T.S.: From Babylon to librespace (1995)
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- Abstract
- Presents views on the general theme of the advent of a future that may eliminate libraries. Describes the negative effects that the Information Age may bring and presents a vision in which the Age of Cyberspace might well rescue many developed and developing countries. Full, functional literacy might be achieved worldwide by means of the new information technology. Humanity could be liberated from ignorance through developments in communications and learning via the Cyberspace. Universal participation in democracy and human civilization may be made possible and there may be a global renaissance whereby all societies and individuals will take advantage of the technological advances, while avoiding losing their own authentic cultures and learning other faits, doctrines and cultural values in a spirit of tolerance and harmony
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Steinhagen, E.N.; Hanson, M.E.; Moynahan, S.A.: Quo vadis, cataloging? (2007)
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- Abstract
- Under the leadership of Ruth Carter's generation, cooperative, shared cataloging grew and flourished among academic and research libraries. The authors provide an overview of trends and challenges from a golden age of expanding budgets and international cooperation during the 1970's and 1980's and later responses to the economic retrenchment and demographic changes of the 1990's and early 2000's. Responses to current challenges, including the impact of outsourced cataloging, increasing complexity of cataloging rules, and emerging technological options, are discussed.
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Lancaster, F.W.: From custodian to knowledge engineer : the evolution of librarianship as a profession (1995)
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- Abstract
- In the monastic library of the Middle Ages, the librarian was essentially a curator, a preserver of collections. For most of history libarians were little more than custodians. The idea of a librarian as a provider of services rather than a collector or preserver of materials, did not emerge until late in the 19th century. Computer and telecommunications technologies have revolutionized the library and greatly expanded the horizons of the librarian. Discusses the ways in which technology has affected the library profession and discusses the role of the librarian in the future. The librarian will increasingly become an information intermediary or information consultant and some will be knowledge engineers involved in the design and construction of information systems and in electronic publishing
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Larson, R.R.: Design and development of a network-based electronic library (1994)
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- Abstract
- Among the proposed innovations in the Clinton Administration's plans to develop a National Information Infrastructure is the creation of, and support for, digital or electronic libraries to store and provide access to the vast amounts of information expected to made available over the 'information superhighway'. Although the exact nature and future architecture of such libraries is still a matter for experimentation (and debate), there are several pioineering efforts underway to establish electronic libraries and to provide access to them. This paper describes one such effort underway at the University of California at Berkeley. In collaboration with four other universities we are developing interoperable electronic library servers containing the Computer Science technical reports for each participant and making them available over the Internet using standard protocols
-
Danowski, P.; Heller, L.: Bibliothek 2.0 : Die Zukunft der Bibliothek? (2006)
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- Abstract
- Der Begriff Bibliothek 2.0 (bzw. Library 2.0) lehnt sich an die Begrifflichkeit des Web 2.0 an. Beide Begriffe sind für die bibliothekarische Welt relativ neu und werden bisher hauptsächlich im angloamerikanischen Raum diskutiert. Einige Bereiche des "neuen" Webs werden auch in Deutschland von Bibliothekaren diskutiert, so beispielsweise Weblogs und die Wikipedia. Die Betrachtung sollte hier jedoch nicht enden, sondern vielmehr als Startpunkt dienen. Über den Begriff als solchen kann man sicherlich streiten, jedoch hat er sich als tauglich erwiesen, um bestimmte Veränderungen zu beschreiben. So schreibt Michael Stephens, der den Begriff entscheidend mitprägte, im ALA TechSource Weblog: "I am so pleased with the discussion - and no matter what name you use, I love that the innovations and plans just keep rolling on."
-
Murray, I.: Is the future of the document inextricably linked with the future of the librarian? (2005)
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- Abstract
- This paper discusses the ontology of the document and questions whether or not our understanding of the concept of a document has changed now that more and more information is transmitted through increasingly digital means. Moreover, the argument is advanced that the identity of librarians is bound up with the future of the document. Not merely should librarians be changing their roles as a reaction to new technologies but they need to be proactive in embracing change and not in any way resisting it. The paper focuses on the theory of the ontology of documents. A number of ideas will be discussed including the thoughts of Michael Buckland in his seminal paper 'What is a Document' (1997), and further discussion will draw on the work of Michel Foucault (1972), Ludwig Wittgenstein (1958, 1969) and more recently Ziming Liu (2004) among others. Is the concept of a document essentially the same or has the transformation of document to e-document brought about a fundamental change in its nature. The paper goes on to discuss the more practical nature of documents and the role of the librarian. There follows a brief review of a range of types of document, including: E-journals, E-books, and considers the prospect that Extensible Markup Language (XML) offers a technological vehicle for the advent of an E-collection - this being an aggregation of different document mediums. The notion of the delivery of this information to the user (consumer) is then considered and with it the role of librarian. Waaijers (2002) has argued that a consequence of digitisation has brought with it issues of ownership and responsibility, and refers to XML as offering the possibility of "anatomising the internal structure of the document." In the concluding part to this paper some speculative thoughts are advanced on what might be possible outcomes regarding the changing perceptions of what a document might be. Could the Modern Librarian's identity and function be inextricably linked to the concept of the document? Finally it is suggested that further research to gather empirical evidence could involve a comparative study of the providers of information and the users of information focussing on their respective concepts of a document.
-
Veltman, K.H.: From Recorded World to Recording Worlds (2007)
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- Abstract
- The range, depths and limits of what we know depend on the media with which we attempt to record our knowledge. This essay begins with a brief review of developments in a) media: stone, manuscripts, books and digital media, to trace how collections of recorded knowledge expanded to 235,000 in 1837 and have expanded to over 100 million unique titles in a single database including over 1 billion individual listings in 2007. The advent of digital media has brought full text scanning and electronic networks, which enable us to consult digital books and images from our office, home or potentially even with our cell phones. These magnificent developments raise a number of concerns and new challenges. An historical survey of major projects that changed the world reveals that they have taken from one to eight centuries. This helps explain why commercial offerings, which offer useful, and even profitable short-term solutions often undermine a long-term vision. New technologies have the potential to transform our approach to knowledge, but require a vision of a systematic new approach to knowledge. This paper outlines four ingredients for such a vision in the European context. First, the scope of European observatories should be expanded to inform memory institutions of latest technological developments. Second, the quest for a European Digital Library should be expanded to include a distributed repository, a digital reference room and a virtual agora, whereby memory institutions will be linked with current research;. Third, there is need for an institute on Knowledge Organization that takes up anew Otlet's vision, and the pioneering efforts of the Mundaneum (Brussels) and the Bridge (Berlin). Fourth, we need to explore requirements for a Universal Digital Library, which works with countries around the world rather than simply imposing on them an external system. Here, the efforts of the proposed European University of Culture could be useful. Ultimately we need new systems, which open research into multiple ways of knowing, multiple "knowledges". In the past, we went to libraries to study the recorded world. In a world where cameras and sensors are omnipresent we have new recording worlds. In future, we may also use these recording worlds to study the riches of libraries.
-
Barker, P.: Electronic libraries of the future (1997)
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- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.59, [=Suppl.22]
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Kuhlen, R.: Wie viel Virtualität soll es denn sein? : Zu einigen Konsequenzen der fortschreitenden Telemediatisierung und Kommodifizierung der Wissensmärkte für die Bereitstellung von Wissen und Information durch Bibliotheken (2002)
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- Content
- Telemediatisierung und Kommodifizierung der Bereiche von Wissen und Information beeinflussen zunehmend auch die Infrastrukturen für die Informationsversorgung in Wissenschaft und Ausbildung. Es wird diskutiert, wodurch das für Wissenschaft und Ausbildung zentrale Ziel des freien Zugriffs auf Wissen gefährdet, aber auch befördert wird. Zahlreiche Initiativen, Projekte und Deklarationen machen deutlich, dass im öffentlichen und privaten Bereich die Herausforderungen der virtuellen Organisation der Informationsversorgung aufgegriffen werden, ohne dass allerdings bislang eine überzeugende Gesamtkonzeption vorliegt, weder in makrostruktureller Hinsicht (wie sich Bibliotheken im kompetitiven Geflecht der postprofessionellen Informationsmärkte positionieren sollen) noch in mikrostruktureller Hinsicht (welche neuen integrierte Formen der Infrastruktur an Hochschulen sich entwickeln sollen). Die auf Effizienz ausgerichteten Aktivitäten von Verlagen, von Buchhandel, Fachinformationssystemen, Vermittlern und Content Providern des Internet werden exemplarisch, vor allem mit Blick auf die Volltextversorgung, vorgestellt, und ihnen werden die eher binnen-bibliothekarischen Maßnahmen gegenübergestellt. Im Ausgang von Daten aus der Bibliotheksstatistk 2001 zum Aufwand für Bibliotheken und deren Nutzung wird ein Gedankenexperiment angestellt, ob bei Wegfall der bibliothekarischen Leistung der Bedarf nach Informationsversorgung direkt von jedem Wissenschaftler durch Nutzung der Marktangebote gedeckt werden könnte. Unter Effizienzgesichtspunkten kann das durchaus erfolgreich sein. Die dabei fast unvermeidbar zum Einsatz kommenden Lizenzierungs-, Kontroll- und Abrechnungsverfahren (über Digital Rights Management) konfligieren aber mit dem Ziel der offenen und freien Nutzung und sind sowohl den Zielen der Wissenschaft als auch, langfristig, den Innovationszielen der Wirtschaft konträr. Alternativ wird diskutiert, inwieweit die Selbstorganisationsformen der Wissenschaft (OAI, SPARC, BOAI und so weiter) eine umfassende substituierende oder komplementäre Alternative der Informationsversorgung darstellen können. Als mikrostrukturelle Konsequenz wird die Integration der bisherigen weitgehend getrennten Einrichtungen, also die langfristige Aufhebung der autonomen Bibliotheks-, Rechenzentrums- oder Multimedia-Einheiten und die schrittweise Zusammenlegung in leistungsfähige Infrastrukturen für Information und Kommunikation, als zwingend angesehen, wobei dem Wissensmanagement, einschließlich des Rights Management, eine zentrale Funktion zukommt. Die neue Infrastruktur kann, auch angesichts technologischer Entwicklung der Digitalisierung und des Publishing an Demand, von dem bisherigen umfassenden, ohnehin kaum noch einzulösenden Kultursicherungsauftrag befreit werden; dieser kann von einigen wenigen zentralen Einrichtungen wahrgenommen werden. In makrostruktureller Hinsicht müssen klare Alternativen zur fortschreitenden Kommodifizierung von Wissen und Information entwickelt werden. Die Gesellschaft muss dem Charakter des Wissens als »Commons« Rechnung tragen. Es muss eine Publikations- und Distributions-/Zugriffs-Infrastruktur geschaffen und finanziert werden, die das Bedürfnis nach freiem und offenem Austausch produzierten Wissens befriedigen kann, in erster Linie durch die virtuelle (verteilte, vernetzte) Organisation von umfassenden Aufbereitungs-, Nachweis- und Auslieferungsleistungen, weitgehend aus der Wissenschaft selber. Benötigt wird das transparente umfassende Wissenschaftsportal der Informationsversorgung (in Erweiterung der Idee der koordinierten virtuellen Bibliotheken). Nicht zuletzt wird für das gesamte Gebiet von Wissen und Information eine neue koordinierende Infrastruktur benötigt.
-
Information for a new age : redefining the librarian (1995)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.2, S.147 (A. Schultis)
-
Rosemann, U.: Auf dem Weg zu dem Kompetenzzentrum für Literaturversorgung : TIB zum Start von GetInfo (2002)
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- Date
- 22. 2.2003 12:25:38
-
Lee, F.R.: ¬The library, unbound and everywhere (2004)
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- Content
- David Nasaw, a historian and director of the Center for the Humanities at the City University of New York's Graduate Center, said the ability to use keywords to locate books and documents could save academics traveltime and money and broaden their research. "This all captures people's imagination in a wonderful way," Said Kate Wittenberg, director of the Electronic Publishing Initiative at Columbia University. "But whether it's right or wrong is not the whole question and not the whole answer." This year Ms. Wittenberg's group completed a three-year study of research habits that included 1,233 students. The study concluded that electronic resources had become the main tool for gathering information, particularly among undergraduates. But Ms. Wittenberg does have concerns. "What I've learned is that libraries help people formulate questions as well as find answers," Ms. Wittenberg said. "Who will do that in a virtual world?" On the other hand, she Said, an enhanced databank could make it easier for students to research topics across disciplines. For example, a topic like "climate change" touches an both political science and science, she Said, and "in the physical world, the books about them are in two different buildings at Columbia." Online research could bring the two subjects together instantly. Robert Darnton, a professor of history at Princeton who is writing a book about the history of books, noted that by looking at a book's binding and paper quality, a researcher can discern much about the period in which it was published, the publisher and the intended audience.
-
Hawking, S.: This is the most dangerous time for our planet (2016)
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- Content
- I am no exception to this rule. I warned before the Brexit vote that it would damage scientific research in Britain, that a vote to leave would be a step backward, and the electorate, or at least a sufficiently significant proportion of it, took no more notice of me than any of the other political leaders, trade unionists, artists, scientists, businessmen and celebrities who all gave the same unheeded advice to the rest of the country. What matters now however, far more than the choices made by these two electorates, is how the elites react. Should we, in turn, reject these votes as outpourings of crude populism that fail to take account of the facts, and attempt to circumvent or circumscribe the choices that they represent? I would argue that this would be a terrible mistake. The concerns underlying these votes about the economic consequences of globalisation and accelerating technological change are absolutely understandable. The automation of factories has already decimated jobs in traditional manufacturing, the rise of AI is likely to extend this job destruction deep into the middle classes, with only the most caring, creative or supervisory roles remaining.
-
Gordon, T.J.; Helmer-Hirschberg, O.: Report on a long-range forecasting study (1964)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2018 13:24:08
22. 6.2018 13:54:52
-
MacDonald, A.H.: ¬The survival of libraries in the electronic age (1994)
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- Source
- Feliciter. 40(1994) no.1, S.18-22
-
Greenhalgh, L.; Worple, K.; Landry, C.: Libraries in a world of cultural change (1995)
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- Date
- 26. 7.2002 14:35:22
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Towards a worldwide library : a ten year forecast. Proceedings of the 19th International Essen Symposium, 23-26 Sept 1996 (1996)
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- Isbn
- 3-922602-22-3
