Search (185 results, page 1 of 10)

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Abstract

At California State University Long Beach Library, the bulit-in programming language of dBase 3 Plus, was used to create a menu-drive interface for an automated ready-reference file. An easy-to-use in-house database requiring no dBase experience eo access was created. The database and all necessary programs can be stored on one low density disc and readily be shared

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.1, S.89-93

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Abstract

To use the electronic resources of the Internet effectively, reference librarians must learn to use the various search engines to their best advantage. Describes the following Web sites which provide help for librarians in improving their Internet searching skills: the Bergen County Cooperative Library System which has links to some well-known directories and search engines; the Spider's Apprentice, which provides ratings and in-depth analysis of search engines, a FAQ document useful to the beginning searcher, and an online discussion forum; ZDNet's WebSearchUser which has feature articles, reviews and tutorials; and Search Engine Watch which reports new developments in search engines. URLs for these and other resources are given

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Abstract

The present essay is based on research funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology and carried out by the Munich School of Philosophy (Prof. Godehard Brüntrup) in cooperation with the IT company Comelio GmbH. It is concerned with setting up the philosophical framework for a systematic, hierarchical and categorical account of questions and answers in order to use this framework as an ontology for software engineers who create a tool for intelligent questionnaire design. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in programming software that enables users to create and carry out their own surveys. Considering the, to say the least, vast amount of areas of applications these software tools try to cover, it is surprising that most of the existing tools lack a systematic approach to what questions and answers really are and in what kind of systematic hierarchical relations different types of questions stand to each other. The theoretical background to this essay is inspired Barry Smith's theory of regional ontologies. The notion of ontology used in this essay can be defined by the following characteristics: (1) The basic notions of the ontology should be defined in a manner that excludes equivocations of any kind. They should also be presented in a way that allows for an easy translation into a semi-formal language, in order to secure easy applicability for software engineers. (2) The hierarchical structure of the ontology should be that of an arbor porphyriana.

Date

9. 2.2017 19:22:59

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Abstract

In 1988 a pilot project was carried out in Baden Würtemberg to make people more familiar with the new technology. In Böblingen public library readers could reserve for an hour a room containing a television screen and laser printer, to help them to learn about construction and use of media. Similar facilities were available in Friedrichshafen and Heidelberg. There was no restriction on target groups. User training is important; the main problem is software selection. Textual aids were provided. The more advanced readers can do programming exercises in a special programming language.

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Abstract

The advent and development of the Internet has changed students' pattern of information seeking behaviors. That is also the case in Iran. The current research was carried out by interviewing with and observing of 20 intermediate girl students to assess their information seeking behavior on the web environment through a qualitative approach. Findings indicate an acceptable level of access to the Internet and vast use of web search engines by the girl students in Tehran. However, students' knowledge of the concept and how search engines work and also about the methods and tools of retrieving information from electronic sources other than the search engines is poor. The study also shows that, compared to the Internet, the role of libraries and librarians are gradually diminishing in fulfilling the students' information needs. Authors recommend that school librarians can provide different instructional and information literacy programs to help students improve their information seeking behavior and their knowledge of the Internet.

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Abstract

Provides a glossary of Internet search terms. Outlines a number of network retrieval tools and directories: Netscape's Internet search page, W3 search engines, Lycos, WebCrawler, InfoSeek, Yahoo, and CERN's Net Directory. Gices an example of how the Internet can be used to answer a reference query and the types of materials that can be retrieved

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Abstract

The effectiveness of an information system is related to its readability, browsability, searchability and interactive assistance. Interactive assistance provides customized help for particular users in particular situations. It can be proactive or restrictive. Systems have been developed for reference work and CD-ROM based bibliographic indexes. Prototype systems for the Internet include: Ask Alcuin, meta-search engines, and WebArcher

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper takes forward strands from "Evaluating the quality of library portals" by the author and places them in the context of different approaches to teaching students about information use. Design/methodology/approach - An opinion piece which examines the impact on user behaviour of traditional mechanical library skills training (such as "library orientation", "bibliographic instruction", or "information skills training" rather than true information literacy-based teaching). The paper points out the similarity in the effects of such teaching to the effects of offering users a more powerful mechanical information retrieval tool (such as a library portal or internet search engine) without effective support on how the information retrieved should be used for significant educational outcomes. Findings - For librarians to be custodians of the highest standards of intelligent information use, they must demonstrate a meaningful, rather than a mechanical understanding and application of information literacy in their everyday practice. Without this, information users will rightly turn to new, non-mediated forms of information use such as internet search engines, which can deal with purely technical challenges of information retrieval superficially well. Both the users and the profession itself will be the poorer as a result. Research limitations/implications - An expression of opinion about the dangers of pedagogically underdeveloped user education on user behaviour. Practical implications - This opinion piece gives some clear and practical insights for the application of information literacy principles to library practice. Originality/value - This piece points out the ironic similarities in the effect of a mechanistic or tool-based approach to user education and unmediated user access to internet search engines or Library portals: above all, a "more is better" approach in the information user, marked by citing too much poorly digested, poorly evaluated data.

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Abstract

Discusses the specialised knowledge and training which the multimedia reference librarian needs in order to provide a satisfactory oersonalised assistance service to online and CD-ROM users. Multimedia products combine electronic text, graphic art, animation and video for user interaction from a workstation. Thus the librarian should not only by familiar with search engines and websites, but also understand computer start-up procedures, passwords, keyboards, software and basic maintenance, data security matters and copyright. Explains the 4 distinct levels of librarian help in query-solving

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Abstract

This brief communication describes the results of a questionnaire examining certain aspects of the Web-based information seeking practices of university students. The results are contrasted with past work showing that queries to Web search engines can be assigned to one of a series of categories: navigational, informational, and transactional. The survey results suggest that a large group of queries, which in the past would have been classified as informational, have become at least partially navigational. We contend that this change has occurred because of the rise of large Web sites holding particular types of information, such as Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database.

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Abstract

Information provided through information networks can be retrieved through the network search engines by using words appearing in documents. However, these documents are written in the document producers' language and the users' perspective is often overlooked. Describes the Digital Information Service of Tampere Region (DISTR) project which aims to build a novel kind of WWW based local, information service. The DISTR service organizes local information services and public administration and commercial services (or resources) under a single interface which supports their identifiction and access by describing the resources according to dimensions and vocabulary identified in the discourse of service clients. Introduces the architecture of the DISTR service, the discourse analytic approach and preliminary results

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Abstract

Taking a step beyond Meta search engines which require Web site evaluation skills and a knowledge of how to construct effective search statements, we encounter the concept of a seamless, Web-based library. These are electronic libraries created by information professionals, Meta sites for the 21st Century. Here is a place where average people with average Internet skills can find significant Web sites arranged under a hierarchy of subject categories. Having observed client behavior in a university library setting for a quarter of a century, it is apparent that the extent to which information is used has always been determined by content applicable to user needs, an easy-to-understand design, and high visibility. These same elements have determined the extent to which Internet Quick Reference (IQR), a seamless, Web-based library at cc.usu.edu/-stewei/hot.htm. has been used

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Abstract

The delivery of library reference service can be practically supplemented through the appropriate incorporation and use of software tools commonly reffered to an expert system. The level of support such systems can affort the reference service organisation is dependent on the degree of complexity characteristic of the rule-based programming techniques used to develop a particular system and the size of its knowledge data base. Since most expert systems are designed to simulate the process of problem-solving practiced by an expert in a given field, an expert system designed to fully emulate library reference work must have the potential to respond to a wide subject range of questions with varying degrees of response adequacy. Describes a microcomputer-based reference expert-type system.

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LCSH

Web search engines

Subject

Web search engines

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a class of systems called Information Management Assistants (IMAs). IMAs automatically discover related material on behalf of the user by serving as an intermediary between the user and information retrieval systems. IMAs observe users interact with everyday applications and then anticipate their information needs using a model of the task at hand. IMAs then automatically fulfill these needs using the text of the document the user is manipulating and a knowledge of how to form queries to traditional information retrieval systems (e.g., Internet search engines, abstract databases, etc.). IMAs automatically query information systems on behalf of users as well as provide an interface by which the user can pose queries explicitly. Because IMAs are aware of the user's task, they can augment their explicit query with terms representative of the context of this task. In this way, IMAs provide a framework for bringing implicit task context to bear on servicing explicit information requests, significantly reducing ambiguity. IMAs embody a just-in-time information infrastructure in which information is brought to users as they need it, without requiring explicit requests. In this paper, we present our work on an architecture for this class of system, and our progress implementing Watson, a prototype of such a system. Watson observes users in word processing and Web browsing applications and uses a simple model of the user's tasks, knowledge of term importance, and an understanding of query generation to find relevant documents and service explicit queries. We close by discussing our experimental evaluations of the system

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Abstract

Purpose - This article is an edited version of a report commissioned by the British Library and JISC to identify how the specialist researchers of the future (those born after 1993) are likely to access and interact with digital resources in five to ten years' time. The purpose is to investigate the impact of digital transition on the information behaviour of the Google Generation and to guide library and information services to anticipate and react to any new or emerging behaviours in the most effective way. Design/methodology/approach - The study was virtually longitudinal and is based on a number of extensive reviews of related literature, survey data mining and a deep log analysis of a British Library and a JISC web site intended for younger people. Findings - The study shows that much of the impact of ICTs on the young has been overestimated. The study claims that although young people demonstrate an apparent ease and familiarity with computers, they rely heavily on search engines, view rather than read and do not possess the critical and analytical skills to assess the information that they find on the web. Originality/value - The paper reports on a study that overturns the common assumption that the "Google generation" is the most web-literate.

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Abstract

We elaborate an Pettigrew's (1998, 1999) theory of information grounds while using an outcome evaluation approach enriched by its focus an context to explore the use of need-based services by immigrants in New York City. Immigrants have substantial information and practical needs for help with adjusting to life in a new country. Because of differences in language, culture, and other factors such as access, new immigrants are a difficult population to study. As a result, little research has examined their predilections from an information behavior perspective. We report findings from a qualitative study of how literacy and coping skills programs are used by and benefit the immigrant customers of the Queens Borough Public Library (QBPL). From our interviews and observation of 45 program users, staff, and other stakeholders, we derived a grand context (in Pettigrew's terms) woven from three subcontexts: the immigrants of Queens, New York; the QBPL, its service model, and activities for immigrants; and professional contributions of QBPL staff. Our findings are discussed along two dimensions: (a) building blocks toward information literacy, and (b) personal gains achieved by immigrants for themselves and their families. We conclude that successful introduction to the QBPL-as per its mission, programming, and staff - can lead immigrants to a synergistic information ground that can help in meeting broad psychological, social, and practical needs.

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Abstract

The article reports a field study which examined the mental models of 80 undergraduates seeking information for either a history or psychology course essay when they were in an early, exploration stage of researching their essay. This group is presently at a disadvantage when using thesaurus-type schemes in indexes and online search engines because there is a disconnect between how domain novice users of IR systems represent a topic space and how this space is represented in the standard IR system thesaurus. The study attempted to (a) ascertain the coding language used by the 80 undergraduates in the study to mentally represent their topic and then (b) align the mental models with the hierarchical structure found in many thesauri. The intervention focused the undergraduates' thinking about their topic from a topic statement to a thesis statement. The undergraduates were asked to produce three mental model diagrams for their real-life course essay at the beginning, middle, and end of the interview, for a total of 240 mental model diagrams, from which we created a 12-category mental model classification scheme. Findings indicate that at the end of the intervention, (a) the percentage of vertical mental models increased from 24 to 35% of all mental models; but that (b) 3rd-year students had fewer vertical mental models than did 1st-year undergraduates in the study, which is counterintuitive. The results indicate that there is justification for pursuing our research based on the hypothesis that rotating a domain novice's mental model into a vertical position would make it easier for him or her to cognitively connect with the thesaurus's hierarchical representation of the topic area.

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Abstract

Let us start with a simple scenario: a man asks a woman "how high is Mount Everest?" The woman replies "29,029 feet." Nothing could be simpler. Now let us suppose that rather than standing in a room, or sitting on a bus, the man is at his desk and the woman is 300 miles away with the conversation taking place using e-mail. Still simple? Certainly--it happens every day. So why all the bother about digital (virtual, electronic, chat, etc.) reference? If the man is a pilot flying over Mount Everest, the answer matters. If you are a lawyer going to court, the identity of the woman is very important. Also, if you ever want to find the answer again, how that transaction took place matters a lot. Digital reference is a deceptively simple concept on its face: "the incorporation of human expertise into the information system." This lecture seeks to explore the question of how human expertise is incorporated into a variety of information systems, from libraries, to digital libraries, to information retrieval engines, to knowledge bases. What we learn through this endeavor, begun primarily in the library context, is that the models, methods, standards, and experiments in digital reference have wide applicability. We also catch a glimpse of an unfolding future in which ubiquitous computing makes the identification, interaction, and capture of expertise increasingly important. It is a future that is much more complex than we had anticipated. It is a future in which documents and artifacts are less important than the contexts of their creation and use.

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Source

Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen. 57(1940), S.16-22