Search (4985 results, page 2 of 250)

0.12069766 = product of:
  0.24139532 = sum of:
    0.06034883 = product of:
      0.18104649 = sum of:
        0.18104649 = weight(_text_:3a in 4388) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18104649 = score(doc=4388,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 4388, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4388)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18104649 = weight(_text_:2f in 4388) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18104649 = score(doc=4388,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 4388, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=4388)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Footnote

Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.

0.12069766 = product of:
  0.24139532 = sum of:
    0.06034883 = product of:
      0.18104649 = sum of:
        0.18104649 = weight(_text_:3a in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18104649 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18104649 = weight(_text_:2f in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18104649 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

0.12069766 = product of:
  0.24139532 = sum of:
    0.06034883 = product of:
      0.18104649 = sum of:
        0.18104649 = weight(_text_:3a in 76) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18104649 = score(doc=76,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 76, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=76)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18104649 = weight(_text_:2f in 76) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18104649 = score(doc=76,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 76, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=76)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

0.12069766 = product of:
  0.24139532 = sum of:
    0.06034883 = product of:
      0.18104649 = sum of:
        0.18104649 = weight(_text_:3a in 855) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18104649 = score(doc=855,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 855, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=855)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18104649 = weight(_text_:2f in 855) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18104649 = score(doc=855,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 855, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=855)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

Vgl. auch: New automatic interpreter for complex UDC numbers. Unter: <https%3A%2F%2Fudcc.org%2Ffiles%2FAttilaPiros_EC_36-37_2014-2015.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3kc9CwDDCWP7aArpfjrs5b>

0.12069766 = product of:
  0.24139532 = sum of:
    0.06034883 = product of:
      0.18104649 = sum of:
        0.18104649 = weight(_text_:3a in 1000) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.18104649 = score(doc=1000,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 1000, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1000)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.18104649 = weight(_text_:2f in 1000) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18104649 = score(doc=1000,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 1000, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1000)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.

0.11950773 = product of:
  0.23901546 = sum of:
    0.1895944 = weight(_text_:headings in 1108) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.1895944 = score(doc=1108,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.8573571 = fieldWeight in 1108, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1108)
    0.04942106 = product of:
      0.09884212 = sum of:
        0.09884212 = weight(_text_:22 in 1108) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09884212 = score(doc=1108,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 1108, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1108)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Date

5. 8.2006 10:22:00

0.11950773 = product of:
  0.23901546 = sum of:
    0.1895944 = weight(_text_:headings in 1298) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.1895944 = score(doc=1298,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.8573571 = fieldWeight in 1298, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1298)
    0.04942106 = product of:
      0.09884212 = sum of:
        0.09884212 = weight(_text_:22 in 1298) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09884212 = score(doc=1298,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 1298, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1298)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Date

5. 8.2006 10:22:14

0.118837476 = product of:
  0.23767495 = sum of:
    0.16757937 = weight(_text_:headings in 4929) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.16757937 = score(doc=4929,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.7578038 = fieldWeight in 4929, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4929)
    0.07009558 = product of:
      0.14019115 = sum of:
        0.14019115 = weight(_text_:terminology in 4929) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.14019115 = score(doc=4929,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.5828399 = fieldWeight in 4929, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4929)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Describes the process of subject indexing in Turkey using Library of Congress Subject Headings. Explains the criticisms for using foreign subject heading lists or classification systems in Turkish libraries. Covers criticisms regarding terminology; structural criticisms; and criticisms concerning the translations of headings

0.11834177 = product of:
  0.23668353 = sum of:
    0.211973 = weight(_text_:headings in 3014) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.211973 = score(doc=3014,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.9585544 = fieldWeight in 3014, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3014)
    0.02471053 = product of:
      0.04942106 = sum of:
        0.04942106 = weight(_text_:22 in 3014) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.04942106 = score(doc=3014,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3014, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3014)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Describes the Hebrew subject headings developed by the staff of the Hebrew Cataloguing Department, Bar-Ilan Univ. Library, Israel. The history of the development of the subject headings is followed by a discussion of how the library began assigning subject headings. Discusses the problems of translating and adapting LCSH and creating new subject headings in Hebrew

Date

22. 2.1999 13:02:44

0.11789434 = product of:
  0.23578867 = sum of:
    0.21725577 = weight(_text_:2f in 563) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.21725577 = score(doc=563,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.3865637 = queryWeight, product of:
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 563, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=563)
    0.018532898 = product of:
      0.037065797 = sum of:
        0.037065797 = weight(_text_:22 in 563) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.037065797 = score(doc=563,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 563, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=563)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.

Date

10. 1.2013 19:22:47

0.11727164 = product of:
  0.23454328 = sum of:
    0.18547638 = weight(_text_:headings in 492) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.18547638 = score(doc=492,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.8387351 = fieldWeight in 492, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=492)
    0.049066905 = product of:
      0.09813381 = sum of:
        0.09813381 = weight(_text_:terminology in 492) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09813381 = score(doc=492,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.40798795 = fieldWeight in 492, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=492)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

An analysis of a sample of 9.442 headings assigned by the LoC to bibliographic records disclosed 2 types of invalid headings: those that were erroneous and those that were obsolete. Each type revealed recurring patterns. Errors and obsolete elements occuring in assigned heading involve MARC coding, terminology in main headings and subdivisions, application of subdivisions, and in mechanical elements such as punctuation and capitalization. Different headings (e.g. personal name, corporate name, topical, etc.) display different patterns as well as predominance of errors and obsoleteness. Although the overall error rate is low, an awareness and understanding of patterns of errors and obsolescnce in subject heading strings should contribute to improvement in subject heading assignment and subject authority control

0.1159133 = product of:
  0.2318266 = sum of:
    0.2132937 = weight(_text_:headings in 4652) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.2132937 = score(doc=4652,freq=18.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.96452665 = fieldWeight in 4652, product of:
          4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
            18.0 = termFreq=18.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4652)
    0.018532898 = product of:
      0.037065797 = sum of:
        0.037065797 = weight(_text_:22 in 4652) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.037065797 = score(doc=4652,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 4652, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4652)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The system is available both in print and online versions. Names a few new subject headings in areas like science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM). In this edition, there are a total of 1,600 new headings making it a total of 12,000+ preferred headings meant for subject access in small and medium sized libraries. This unprecedented increase of about 1,600 headings is mostly due the complete incorporation of the Canadian Sears last published independently in 2006. Also critically examines inconsistencies in a few headings. Concludes to say the new edition in resplendent, hard binding maintains its stellar reputation of a handy list of general subject headings both for applications and a teaching resource.

Date

21.12.2018 18:22:12

Footnote

Introduction und Rez. in: Knowledge Organization 45(2018) no.8, S.712-714. u.d.T. "Satija, M. P. 2018: "The 22nd edition (2018) of the Sears List of Subject Headings: A brief introduction." (DOI:10.5771/0943-7444-2018-8-712).

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

0.1137232 = product of:
  0.2274464 = sum of:
    0.059248257 = weight(_text_:headings in 2644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.059248257 = score(doc=2644,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.2679241 = fieldWeight in 2644, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2644)
    0.16819815 = sum of:
      0.09913012 = weight(_text_:terminology in 2644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09913012 = score(doc=2644,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.41213006 = fieldWeight in 2644, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2644)
      0.06906804 = weight(_text_:22 in 2644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06906804 = score(doc=2644,freq=10.0), product of:
          0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.43256867 = fieldWeight in 2644, product of:
            3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
              10.0 = termFreq=10.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2644)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

In 2003, OCLC published Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22), in print and Web versions. The changes and updates in the new edition reflect a modern view of knowledge structures and address the general needs of Dewey users. The content of DDC 22 has been shaped by a number of social, geopolitical, and technical trends. The World Wide Web has provided a vehicle for more frequent distribution of updates to the DDC, and a medium for direct communication with Dewey users around the world. In addition to updating the system itself, other strategies are needed to accommodate the needs of the global Dewey user community. Translation of the system is one approach; another is mapping. Mapping terminology to the DDC is a strategy for supporting effective local implementation of the system while maintaining the internal cohesiveness of the DDC. This paper explores the usefulness of mapping terminology from English-language general subject headings lists produced outside the U.S.

Object

DDC-22

0.1121624 = product of:
  0.2243248 = sum of:
    0.08294755 = weight(_text_:headings in 5760) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08294755 = score(doc=5760,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.37509373 = fieldWeight in 5760, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5760)
    0.14137724 = sum of:
      0.09813381 = weight(_text_:terminology in 5760) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.09813381 = score(doc=5760,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.40798795 = fieldWeight in 5760, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5760)
      0.04324343 = weight(_text_:22 in 5760) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04324343 = score(doc=5760,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 5760, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5760)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Normalization rules are essential for interoperability between bibliographic systems. In the process of working with Name Authority Cooperative Program (NACO) authority files to match records with Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and developing the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) subject heading schema, the authors found inconsistencies in independently created NACO normalization implementations. Investigating these, the authors found ambiguities in the NACO standard that need resolution, and came to conclusions on how the procedure could be simplified with little impact on matching headings. To encourage others to test their software for compliance with the current rules, the authors have established a Web site that has test files and interactive services showing their current implementation.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

0.11013503 = product of:
  0.22027005 = sum of:
    0.16419359 = weight(_text_:headings in 7927) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.16419359 = score(doc=7927,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.74249303 = fieldWeight in 7927, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7927)
    0.056076463 = product of:
      0.11215293 = sum of:
        0.11215293 = weight(_text_:terminology in 7927) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11215293 = score(doc=7927,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46627194 = fieldWeight in 7927, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7927)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Reviews the movement for change in the patterns and usage of LCSH and suggests improvements to the headings in the social sciences. Covers: confusion between disciplines and topics; confusion over the first element in a heading; insufficient number of headings; the problem of conditional subjects; controversial terminology; and insufficient See References

0.11013503 = product of:
  0.22027005 = sum of:
    0.16419359 = weight(_text_:headings in 4660) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.16419359 = score(doc=4660,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.74249303 = fieldWeight in 4660, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4660)
    0.056076463 = product of:
      0.11215293 = sum of:
        0.11215293 = weight(_text_:terminology in 4660) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.11215293 = score(doc=4660,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.46627194 = fieldWeight in 4660, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4660)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Analyses mathematical terminology to give practical hints for assigning subject headings to a book and proposes a method to use for subject analysis. The method is based on connections between the subject-classification scheme of the American Mathematical Society and indexing with subject headings. Gives examples and compares them with LCSH and PRECIS. A thesaurus of mathematics, using PRECIS methods and connecting with the Amercian Mathematical Society classification is desirable. Authors could also classify their own work and the data could be printed with the books

0.10981407 = product of:
  0.21962814 = sum of:
    0.20109524 = weight(_text_:headings in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.20109524 = score(doc=1333,freq=16.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.9093645 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
          4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
            16.0 = termFreq=16.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
    0.018532898 = product of:
      0.037065797 = sum of:
        0.037065797 = weight(_text_:22 in 1333) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.037065797 = score(doc=1333,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 1333, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1333)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

n this article, we report on the first large-scale study of end-user understanding of subject headings. Our objectives were to determine the extent to which children and adults understood subdivided subject headings and to suggest improvements for improving understanding of subject headings. The 1991 Library of Congress Subject Subdivisions Conference suggested standardizing the order of subject subdivisions for the purpose of simplifying subject cataloging, which served as the impetus for the study. We demonstrated that adults understood subject headings better than children; however, both adults and children assigned correct meanings to less than half of the subject headings they examined. Neither subject heading context nor subdivision order had an effect on understanding. Based on our findings, we challenge the library community to make major changes to the Library of Congress Subject Headings system that have the potential to increase end-user understanding of subject headings.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

0.108199514 = product of:
  0.21639903 = sum of:
    0.10262099 = weight(_text_:headings in 2553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10262099 = score(doc=2553,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.46405816 = fieldWeight in 2553, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2553)
    0.11377804 = sum of:
      0.07009558 = weight(_text_:terminology in 2553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.07009558 = score(doc=2553,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.29141995 = fieldWeight in 2553, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2553)
      0.04368246 = weight(_text_:22 in 2553) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04368246 = score(doc=2553,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.15966953 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.045596033 = queryNorm
          0.27358043 = fieldWeight in 2553, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2553)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Canada has a long history of adapting United States subject access tools, including the Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), the Dewey Decimal Classification, and the Sears List of Subject Headings, to meet the specific needs of Canadians. This paper addresses the extensions to these American tools for English-speaking Canadians. While the United States and Canada have many similarities, differences exist that require changing terminology and providing greater depth and precision in subject headings and classification for specifically Canadian topics. The major effort has been for Library and Archives Canada (LAC) systematically to provide extensions for LCC and LCSH for use within its cataloging records. This paper examines the history and philosophy of these Canadian efforts to provide enhanced subject access. Paradoxically, French-speaking Canadians may have found it easier to start from scratch with the Repertoire de vedettes-matiere because of the difficult decisions for English-language tools on how much change to implement in an environment where most Canadian libraries use the American subject access tools. Canadian studies scholars around the world can use Canadian records, especially those maintained by LAC, to obtain superior subject access for Canadian topics even if they obtain the documents from other sources.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22
19. 6.2010 19:22:18

0.10810547 = product of:
  0.21621095 = sum of:
    0.1741536 = weight(_text_:headings in 5682) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.1741536 = score(doc=5682,freq=12.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.7875328 = fieldWeight in 5682, product of:
          3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
            12.0 = termFreq=12.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5682)
    0.042057347 = product of:
      0.08411469 = sum of:
        0.08411469 = weight(_text_:terminology in 5682) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08411469 = score(doc=5682,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.34970397 = fieldWeight in 5682, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5682)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The Library of Congress Subject Headings schema (LCSH) is the most commonly used and widely accepted subject vocabulary for general application. It is the de facto universal controlled vocabulary and has been a model for developing subject heading systems by many countries. However, LCSH's complex syntax and rules for constructing headings restrict its application by requiring highly skilled personnel and limit the effectiveness of automated authority control. Recent trends, driven to a large extent by the rapid growth of the Web, are forcing changes in bibliographic control systems to make them easier to use, understand, and apply, and subject headings are no exception. The purpose of adapting the LCSH with a simplified syntax to create FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) headings is to retain the very rich vocabulary of LCSH while making the schema easier to understand, control, apply, and use. The schema maintains compatibility with LCSH--any valid Library of Congress subject heading can be converted to FAST headings.

0.107481 = product of:
  0.214962 = sum of:
    0.1658951 = weight(_text_:headings in 1177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.1658951 = score(doc=1177,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.22113821 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.045596033 = queryNorm
        0.75018746 = fieldWeight in 1177, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          4.849944 = idf(docFreq=940, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1177)
    0.049066905 = product of:
      0.09813381 = sum of:
        0.09813381 = weight(_text_:terminology in 1177) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.09813381 = score(doc=1177,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.24053115 = queryWeight, product of:
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.045596033 = queryNorm
            0.40798795 = fieldWeight in 1177, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              5.2752647 = idf(docFreq=614, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1177)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The Michigan State University Libraries (MSUL) digital repository contains numerous collections of openly available material. Since 2016, the digital repository has been using Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) subject headings as its primary subject vocabulary in order to streamline faceting, display, and search. The MSUL FAST use case presents some challenges that are not addressed by existing MARC-focused FAST tools. This paper will outline the MSUL digital repository team's justification for including FAST headings in the digital repository as well as workflows for adding FAST headings to Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) metadata, their maintenance, and utilization for discovery.