-
Reed, G.M.; Sanders, J.W.: ¬The principle of distribution (2008)
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- Abstract
- This article introduces a normative principle for the behavior of contemporary computing and communication systems and considers some of its consequences. The principle, named the principle of distribution, says that in a distributed multi-agent system, control resides as much as possible with the individuals constituting the system rather than in centralized agents; and when that is unfeasible or becomes inappropriate due to environmental changes, control evolves upwards from the individuals to an appropriate intermediate level rather than being imposed from above. The setting for the work is the dynamically changing global space resulting from ubiquitous communication. Accordingly, the article begins by determining the characteristics of the distributed multi-agent space it spans. It then fleshes out the principle of distribution, with examples from daily life as well as from Computer Science. The case is made for the principle of distribution to work at various levels of abstraction of system behavior: to inform the high-level discussion that ought to precede the more low-level concerns of technology, protocols, and standardization, but also to facilitate those lower levels. Of the more substantial applications given here of the principle of distribution, a technical example concerns the design of secure ad hoc networks of mobile devices, achievable without any form of centralized authentication or identification but in a solely distributed manner. Here, the context is how the principle can be used to provide new and provably secure protocols for genuinely ubiquitous communication. A second, more managerial example concerns the distributed production and management of open-source software, and a third investigates some pertinent questions involving the dynamic restructuring of control in distributed systems, important in times of disaster or malevolence.
- Date
- 1. 6.2008 12:22:41
-
Information society : new media, ethics and postmodernism (1996)
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- Abstract
- This volume examines 3 critical debates of the post-industrial society: culture and technology, information society, and postmodernism. It aims to provide theoretical and methodological underpinnings for the analysis and design of information, communication and multimedia technologies. It is a thoroughly interdisciplinara volume, which will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in a wide area of disciplines including information and communication systems, education and social sciences
- Date
- 1. 1.1999 18:59:29
- Series
- Human-centred systems
-
Capurro, R.: Ethos des Cyberspace (1999)
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- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
-
Beghtol, C.: ¬A proposed ethical warrant for global knowledge representation and organization systems (2002)
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- Abstract
- New technologies have made the increased globalization of information resources and services possible. In this situation, it is ethically and intellectually beneficial to protect cultural and information diversity. This paper analyzes the problems of creating ethically based globally accessible and culturally acceptable knowledge representation and organization systems, and foundation principles for the ethical treatment of different cultures are established on the basis of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The concept of "cultural hospitality", which can act as a theoretical framework for the ethical warrant of knowledge representation and organization systems, is described. This broad discussion is grounded with an extended example of one cultural universal, the concept of time and its expression in calendars. Methods of achieving cultural and user hospitality in information systems are discussed for their potential for creating ethically based systems. It is concluded that cultural hospitality is a promising concept for assessing the ethical foundations of new knowledge representation and organization systems and for planning revisions to existing systems.
-
Zwass, V.: Ethical issues in information systems (1996)
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-
Weckert, J.; Ferguson, S.: Ethics, reference librarians and expert systems (1993)
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- Abstract
- The issue of whether or not a librarian should attempt to answer all requests for information, regardless of the use to which the information may be put, is a vexed one. This paper discusses the issue in the context of expert systems in reference work, and suggests that the need for the reference librarian to use discretion has implications for expert system development. It examines the role of the reference librarian, discusses the cases for and against answering all requests for information, outlines the behaviour of expert systems in reference, and discusses possible problems and solutions
-
Alfino, M.: Information ethics in the workplace : do expert systems have a moral cost? (1993)
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- Abstract
- Criticises the arguments of Danial Dennett: that technology can pose a significant moral threat to people; with specific reference to expert systems. Refutes Dennett's arguments that expert systems pose a particular threat to people's ability to enjoy the life by removing important elements of personal judgement which are the subject of specific human virtues and make life interesting
-
Wiegerling, K.: Was ist Medienethik? (1999)
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- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
-
Rubel, A.; Castro, C.; Pham, A.: Algorithms and autonomy : the ethics of automated decision systems (2021)
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- Abstract
- Algorithms influence every facet of modern life: criminal justice, education, housing, entertainment, elections, social media, news feeds, work... the list goes on. Delegating important decisions to machines, however, gives rise to deep moral concerns about responsibility, transparency, freedom, fairness, and democracy. Algorithms and Autonomy connects these concerns to the core human value of autonomy in the contexts of algorithmic teacher evaluation, risk assessment in criminal sentencing, predictive policing, background checks, news feeds, ride-sharing platforms, social media, and election interference. Using these case studies, the authors provide a better understanding of machine fairness and algorithmic transparency. They explain why interventions in algorithmic systems are necessary to ensure that algorithms are not used to control citizens' participation in politics and undercut democracy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core
- LCSH
- Decision support systems / Moral and ethical aspects
Expert systems (Computer science) / Moral and ethical aspects
- Subject
- Decision support systems / Moral and ethical aspects
Expert systems (Computer science) / Moral and ethical aspects
-
Zwass, V.: Ethical issues in information systems (2009)
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- Abstract
- Information technology and information systems built around its artifacts can have powerful effects on individuals, both in their private life and in the workplace. As professionals and users, we should use ethical principles and codes of ethics to avoid and prevent deleterious effects of technology. Infoethics is the application of ethical theories to the development and use of information systems. The principal infoethical issues are privacy, accuracy, property (in particular, the intangible intellectual property), and access. Ethical decisions in the information-related domains are made by identifying the issues involved and applying ethical theories-classified as consequentalist and deontological-in the decision-making process.
-
Clay, J.: Participative citizenry in the information age : the role of science and technolgy towards democratic education in a multicultural society (1996)
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- Series
- Human-centred systems
-
Neumaier, O.: Was hat 'Künstliche Intelligenz' mit Ethik zu tun? (1994)
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- Abstract
- The relevance of ethical considerations for AI is discussed in 2 respects: on the one hand with regard to the consequences one has to cope with when dealing with computer systems that are considered 'intelligent' and, on the other hand had with questions of responsibility which arises when such systems are used. In what sense has Artificial Intelligence to deal with ethics?
-
Marco, G.A.: Ethics for librarians : a narrow view (1996)
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- Date
- 29. 3.1996 18:33:41
-
Kuhlen, R.: Informationsethik - Die Entwicklung von Normen für den Umgang mit Wissen und Information in elektronischen Räumen (2005)
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- Date
- 27. 7.2005 12:29:44
-
Miller, S.: Privacy, data bases and computers (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 15:57:43
-
Seadle, M.: Copyright in a networked world : ethics and infringement (2004)
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- Source
- Library hi tech. 22(2004) no.1, S.106-110
-
Hammwöhner, R.: Anmerkungen zur Grundlegung der Informationsethik (2006)
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- Date
- 13.10.2006 10:22:03
-
O'Neil, R.M.: Free speech in cyberspace (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 15:50:50
-
Helbing, D.: ¬Das große Scheitern (2019)
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- Date
- 25.12.2019 14:19:22
-
Tenopir, C.: Ethics for online educators (1992)
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- Abstract
- The only monitoring of educators is performed by their internal sense of right and wrong. Following the aggred terms of system contracts, selecting the most appropriate systems for students, keeping up to date with system features, and instilling ethical behaviour in students are at the core of ethics for online educators
