Search (38 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Information subject gateways provide targeted discovery services for their users, giving access to Web resources selected according to quality and subject coverage criteria. Information gateways recognise that they must collaborate on a wide range of issues relating to content to ensure continued success. This report is informed by discussion of content activities at the 1999 Imesh Workshop. The author considers the implications for subject based gateways of co-operation regarding coverage policy, creation of metadata, and provision of searching and browsing across services. Other possibilities for co-operation include working more closely with information providers, and diclosure of information in joint metadata registries

Date

22. 6.2002 19:38:54

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Abstract

The success of the World Wide Web Shows that we can access, search, and retrieve information from globally distributed databases. lf a database, such as a library catalog, has some sort of Web-based front end, we can type its URL into a Web browser and use its HTML-based forms to search for items in that database. Depending an how well the query conforms to the database content, how the search engine interprets the query, and how the server formats the results into HTML, we might actually find something usable. While the first two issues depend an ourselves and the server, an the Web the latter falls to the mercy of HTML, which we all know as a great destroyer of information because it codes for display but not for content description. When looking at an HTML-formatted display, we must depend an our own interpretation to recognize such entities as author names, titles, and subject identifiers. The Web browser can do nothing but display the information. lf we want some other view of the result, such as sorting the records by date (provided it offers such an option to begin with), the server must do it. This makes poor use of the computing power we have at the desktop (or even laptop), which, unless it involves retrieving more records, could easily do the result Set manipulation that we currently send back to the server. Despite having personal computers wich immense computational power, as far as information retrieval goes, we still essentially use them as dumb terminals.

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Date

22. 6.2002 19:42:22

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Abstract

OPAC Network in Europe (ONE) is a project aimed at providing users with better ways to access library OPACs and national catalogues and which will stimulate and facilitate internetworking between libraries in Europe. The project is based on SR/Z39.50 standards which enable users to search widely different computer systems across networks and offer end users the promise of greater ease of use through a solution to the proliferation of different user interfaces to library catalogues

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Devadason, F.J., N. Intaraksa u. P. Patamawongjariya u.a.: Faceted indexing application for organizing and accessing internet resources; Nicholson, D., S. Wake: HILT: subject retrieval in a distributed environment; Olson, T.: Integrating LCSH and MeSH in information systems; Kuhr, P.S.: Putting the world back together: mapping multiple vocabularies into a single thesaurus; Freyre, E., M. Naudi: MACS : subject access across languages and networks; McIlwaine, I.C.: The UDC and the World Wide Web; Garrison, W.A.: The Colorado Digitization Project: subject access issues; Vizine-Goetz, D., R. Thompson: Towards DDC-classified displays of Netfirst search results: subject access issues; Godby, C.J., J. Stuler: The Library of Congress Classification as a knowledge base for automatic subject categorization: subject access issues; O'Neill, E.T., E. Childress u. R. Dean u.a.: FAST: faceted application of subject terminology; Bean, C.A., R. Green: Improving subject retrieval with frame representation; Zeng, M.L., Y. Chen: Features of an integrated thesaurus management and search system for the networked environment; Hudon, M.: Subject access to Web resources in education; Qin, J., J. Chen: A multi-layered, multi-dimensional representation of digital educational resources; Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Information languages and multilingual subject access; Geisselmann, F.: Access methods in a database of e-journals; Beghtol, C.: The Iter Bibliography: International standard subject access to medieval and renaissance materials (400-1700); Slavic, A.: General library classification in learning material metadata: the application in IMS/LOM and CDMES metadata schemas; Cordeiro, M.I.: From library authority control to network authoritative metadata sources; Koch, T., H. Neuroth u. M. Day: Renardus: Cross-browsing European subject gateways via a common classification system (DDC); Olson, H.A., D.B. Ward: Mundane standards, everyday technologies, equitable access; Burke, M.A.: Personal Construct Theory as a research tool in Library and Information Science: case study: development of a user-driven classification of photographs

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.
The papers discussing the transformation of traditional tools locate the point of transformation in different places. Some, like the papers an DDC, LCC and UDC, suggest that these schemes can be imported into the networked environment and used as a basis for improving access to networked resources, just as they improve access to physical resources. While many of these papers are intriguing, I suspect that convincing those outside the profession will be difficult. In particular, Edward O'Neill and his colleagues, while offering a fascinating suggestion for preserving the Library of Congress Subject Headings and their associated infrastructure by converting them into a faceted scheme, will have an uphill battle convincing the unconverted that LCSH has a place in the online networked environment. Two papers deserve mention for taking a different approach: both Francis Devadason and Maria Ines Cordeiro suggest that we import concepts and techniques rather than realized schemes. Devadason argues for the creation of a faceted pre-coordinate indexing scheme for Internet resources based an Deep Structure indexing, which originates in Bhattacharyya's Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing and in Ranganathan's chain indexing techniques. Cordeiro takes up the vitally important role of authority control in Web environments, suggesting that the techniques of authority control be expanded to enhance user flexibility. By focusing her argument an the concepts rather than an the existing tools, and by making useful and important distinctions between library and non-library uses of authority control, Cordeiro suggests that librarianship's contribution to networked access has less to do with its tools and infrastructure, and more to do with concepts that need to be boldly reinvented. The excellence of this collection derives in part from the energy, insight and diversity of the papers. Credit also goes to the planning and forethought that went into the conference itself by OCLC, the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section, and the Program Committee, headed by editor I.C. McIlwaine. This collection avoids many of the problems of conference proceedings, and instead offers the best of such proceedings: detail, diversity, and judicious mixtures of theory and practice. Some of the disadvantages that plague conference proceedings appear here. Busy scholars sometimes interpret the concept of "camera-ready copy" creatively, offering diagrams that could have used some streamlining, and label boxes that cut off the tops or bottoms of letters. The papers are necessarily short, and many of them raise issues that deserve more extensive treatment. The issue of subject access in networked environments is crying out for further synthesis at the conceptual and theoretical level. But no synthesis can afford to ignore the kind of energetic, imaginative and important work that the papers in these proceedings represent."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.12, S.1166-1167 (Brenda Chawner): "Kochtanek and Matthews have written a welcome addition to the small set of introductory texts an applications of information technology to library and information Services. The book has fourteen chapters grouped into four sections: "The Broader Context," "The Technologies," "Management Issues," and "Future Considerations." Two chapters provide the broad content, with the first giving a historical overview of the development and adoption of "library information systems." Kochtanek and Matthews define this as "a wide array of solutions that previously might have been considered separate industries with distinctly different marketplaces" (p. 3), referring specifically to integrated library systems (ILS, and offen called library management systems in this part of the world), and online databases, plus the more recent developments of Web-based resources, digital libraries, ebooks, and ejournals. They characterize technology adoption patterns in libraries as ranging from "bleeding edge" to "leading edge" to "in the wedge" to "trailing edge"-this is a catchy restatement of adopter categories from Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, where they are more conventionally known as "early adopters," "early majority," "late majority," and "laggards." This chapter concludes with a look at more general technology trends that have affected library applications, including developments in hardware (moving from mainframes to minicomputers to personal Computers), changes in software development (from in-house to packages), and developments in communications technology (from dedicated host Computers to more open networks to the current distributed environment found with the Internet). This is followed by a chapter describing the ILS and online database industries in some detail. "The Technologies" begins with a chapter an the structure and functionality of integrated library systems, which also includes a brief discussion of precision versus recall, managing access to internal documents, indexing and searching, and catalogue maintenance. This is followed by a chapter an open systems, which concludes with a useful list of questions to consider to determine an organization's readiness to adopt open source solutions. As one world expect, this section also includes a detailed chapter an telecommunications and networking, which includes types of networks, transmission media, network topologies, switching techniques (ranging from dial up and leased lines to ISDN/DSL, frame relay, and ATM). It concludes with a chapter an the role and importance of standards, which covers the need for standards and standards organizations, and gives examples of different types of standards, such as MARC, Dublin Core, Z39.50, and markup standards such as SGML, HTML, and XML. Unicode is also covered but only briefly. This section world be strengthened by a chapter an hardware concepts-the authors assume that their reader is already familiar with these, which may not be true in all cases (for example, the phrase "client-Server" is first used an page 11, but only given a brief definition in the glossary). Burke's Library Technology Companion: A Basic Guide for Library Staff (New York: Neal-Schuman, 2001) might be useful to fill this gap at an introductory level, and Saffady's Introduction to Automation for Librarians, 4th ed. (Chicago: American Library Association, 1999) world be better for those interested in more detail. The final two sections, however, are the book's real strength, with a strong focus an management issues, and this content distinguishes it from other books an this topic such as Ferguson and Hebels Computers for Librarians: an Introduction to Systems and Applications (Waggawagga, NSW: Centre for Information Studies, Charles Sturt University, 1998). ...

LCSH

Integrated library systems (Computer systems)

Subject

Integrated library systems (Computer systems)

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Abstract

From 4 to 6 June 2003 the 2nd European Library Seminar / 3rd Gabriel Workshop was held at the Biblioteca Nacional in Lisbon, Portugal. 62 librarians and webmasters from 20 countries participated in the workshop, mainly Gabriel contacts but also quite a number of librarians from Portugal. Since its foundation in 1995 Gabriel, the world wide web service of the European national libraries, has established itself as the official network service of the Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) and has undergone a continuous development. The Gabriel website has been redesigned and restructured, and it was relaunched in summer 2002. At present, 41 libraries from 39 European countries are represented in Gabriel. Gabriel offers access to varied information sources and numerous online-catalogues and Services of the European national libraries. Gabriel is the only trans-European library service.

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Abstract

Die seit ca. 1996 rasche Entwicklung des Internet bzw. des World Wide Web (WWW) hat die Praxis der Veröffentlichung, Verbreitung und Nutzung wissenschaftlicher Informationen grundlegend verändert. Um diese Informationen suchbar und retrievalfähig zu gestalten, ist in den letzten Jahren international viel diskutiert worden. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz, diesen neuen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, liegt in der Entwicklung von Metadatenprofilen. Da durch das Internet verschiedene Datenbestände, die von unterschiedlichen Bereichen wie Museen, Bibliotheken, Archiven etc. vorgehalten werden, unter einer Oberfläche durchsucht werden können, können Metadaten auch in diesem Bereich dazu beitragen, ein einheitliches Konzept zur Beschreibung und zum Retrieval von Online-Ressourcen zu entwickeln. Um die verteilt liegenden Dokumente unter einer Oberfläche für eine qualitativ hochwertige Recherche ("Cross-Search`) anbieten zu können, ist die Verständigung auf ein Core-Set an Metadaten und daran anschließend verschiedene Mappingprozesse ("Cross-walk`) von den lokalen Metadatenformaten zu dem Format des Core-Set an Metadaten notwendig. Ziel des Artikels' ist es, die einzelnen Schritte, die für die Entwicklung eines Metadatenprofils für die gemeinsame Suche über verteilte Metadatensammlungen notwendig sind, aufzuzeigen.

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Abstract

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL) program seeks to create, develop, and sustain a national digital library supporting science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education at all levels -- preK-12, undergraduate, graduate, and life-long learning. The resulting virtual institution is expected to catalyze and support continual improvements in the quality of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education in both formal and informal settings. The vision for this program has been explored through a series of workshops over the past several years and documented in accompanying reports and monographs. (See [1-7, 10, 12, and 13].) These efforts have led to a characterization of the digital library as a learning environments and resources network for science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education, that is: * designed to meet the needs of learners, in both individual and collaborative settings; * constructed to enable dynamic use of a broad array of materials for learning primarily in digital format; and * managed actively to promote reliable anytime, anywhere access to quality collections and services, available both within and without the network. Underlying the NSDL program are several working assumptions. First, while there is currently no lack of "great piles of content" on the Web, there is an urgent need for "piles of great content". The difficulties in discovering and verifying the authority of appropriate Web-based material are certainly well known, yet there are many examples of learning resources of great promise available (particularly those exploiting the power of multiple media), with more added every day. The breadth and interconnectedness of the Web are simultaneously a great strength and shortcoming. Second, the "unit" or granularity of educational content can and will shrink, affording the opportunity for users to become creators and vice versa, as learning objects are reused, repackaged, and repurposed. To be sure, this scenario cannot take place without serious attention to intellectual property and digital rights management concerns. But new models and technologies are being explored (see a number of recent articles in the January issue of D-Lib Magazine). Third, there is a need for an "organizational infrastructure" that facilitates connections between distributed users and distributed content, as alluded to in the third bullet above. Finally, while much of the ongoing use of the library is envisioned to be "free" in the sense of the public good, there is an opportunity and a need to consider multiple alternative models of sustainability, particularly in the area of services offered by the digital library. More details about the NSDL program including information about proposal deadlines and current awards may be found at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl>.

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Abstract

Federated search and distributed information retrieval systems provide a single user interface for searching multiple full-text search engines. They have been an active area of research for more than a decade, but in spite of their success as a research topic, they are still rare in operational environments. This article discusses a prototype federated search system developed for the U.S. government's FedStats Web portal, and the issues addressed in adapting research solutions to this operational environment. A series of experiments explore how well prior research results, parameter settings, and heuristics apply in the FedStats environment. The article concludes with a set of lessons learned from this technology transfer effort, including observations about search engine quality in the real world.

Date

22. 7.2006 16:02:07

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Abstract

In diesem Kapitel werden Anwendungsgebiete und Ansätze für die semantische Beschreibung von Web Services behandelt. Bestehende Web Service Technologien leisten einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Entwicklung verteilter Anwendungen dadurch, dass weithin akzeptierte Standards vorliegen, die die Kommunikation zwischen Anwendungen bestimmen und womit deren Kombination zu komplexeren Einheiten ermöglicht wird. Automatisierte Mechanismen zum Auffinden geeigneter Web Services und deren Komposition dagegen werden von bestehenden Technologien in vergleichsweise geringem Maß unterstützt. Ähnlich wie bei der Annotation statischer Daten im "Semantic Web" setzen Forschung und Industrie große Hoffnungen in die semantische Beschreibung von Web Services zur weitgehenden Automatisierung dieser Aufgaben.

Source

Semantic Web: Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft. Hrsg.: T. Pellegrini, u. A. Blumauer

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Abstract

User demands to have access to complete and actual information about research may require integration of data from different CRISs. CRISs are rarely homogenous systems and problems of CRISs integration must be addressed from technological point of view. Implementation of CRIS providing access to heterogeneous data distributed among a number of CRISs is described. A few technologies - distributed databases, web services, semantic web are used for distributed CRIS to address different user requirements. Distributed databases serve to implement very efficient integration of homogenous systems, web services - to provide open access to research information, semantic web - to solve problems of integration semantically and structurally heterogeneous data sources and provide intelligent data retrieval interfaces. The problems of data completeness in distributed systems are addressed and CRIS-adequate solution for data completeness is suggested.

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Abstract

Integration der Navigation und Suche in lizenzierten Journalen und gleichzeitig in freien digitalen Dokumenten unter einer einheitlichen konsistenten Nutzeroberflache ist eines der ungelösten F&E-Probleme der Fachinformation. Hierbei müssen Elemente des Invisible Web und des Visible Web unter Berücksichtigung offener Standards nahtlos miteinander verbunden werden. Der Artikel beschreibt Ausgangspunkt und Entwicklungsgeschichte eines kooperativen Vorhabens "Verteilter Zeitschriftenserver", das sich auf dem Wege über eine Generalisierung zum "Verteilten Dokumentenserver" zur Basis der Kooperation von vascoda und AGVerbund mit dem Ziel der Realisierung einer Offenen Digitalen Bibliothek der Wissenschaften entwickelte.

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Abstract

The HILT High Level Thesaurus Project aims to study and report an the problern of cross-searching and browsing by subject across a range of communities, services, and service or resource types in the UK given the wide range of subject schemes and associated practices in place in the communities in question (Libraries, Museums, Archives, and Internet Services) and taking the international context into consideration. The paper reports an progess to date, focusing particularly an the inter-community consensus reached at a recent Stakeholder Workshop.

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Abstract

Reports on the work of the ABDUX project to investigate the use of the standardized protocol for the X.500 directory service for searching distributed bibliographic databases. It is a joint project between the Computer Science Department of the University College London, and the Library and Computer Service of Brunel University, UK. Gives a design overview and discusses the implementation phase of the project which involved: enhancements to an X.500 system; implementing user interfaces; and gathering test data for the system. Examines experiences with the system, and assesses why interest in the system has been less than hoped for. Puts forward a model for bibliographic querying which recognises the role of other protocols. Summarizes the main lessons to be drawn from the project

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Abstract

Effective resourcesharing presupposes an infrastructure which permits users to locate materials of interest in both print and electronic formats. 2 approaches for providing this are union catalogues and Z39.50 based distributed search systems and computer to computer information retrieval protocols. The advantages and limitations of each approach are considered, paying particular attention to a relaistic assessment of Z39.50 implementations. Argues that the union catalogue is far from obsolete and the 2 approaches should be considered complementary rather than competitive. Technologies to create links between the bibliographic apparatus of catalogues and abstracting and indexing databases and primary content in electronic form, such as the new Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) standard are also discussed as key elements in the infrastructure to support resource sharing

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Abstract

Purpose - Biodiversity resources are inevitably digital and stored in a wide variety of formats by researchers or stakeholders. In Malaysia, although digitizing biodiversity data has long been stressed, the interoperability of the biodiversity data is still an issue that requires attention. This is because, when data are shared, the question of copyright occurs, creating a setback among researchers wanting to promote or share data through online presentations. To solve this, the aim is to present an approach to integrate data through wrapping of datasets stored in relational databases located on networked platforms. Design/methodology/approach - The approach uses tools such as XML, PHP, ASP and HTML to integrate distributed databases in heterogeneous formats. Five current database integration systems were reviewed and all of them have common attributes such as query-oriented, using a mediator-based approach and integrating a structured data model. These common attributes were also adopted in the proposed solution. Distributed Generic Information Retrieval (DiGIR) was used as a model in designing the proposed solution. Findings - A new database integration system was developed, which is user-friendly and simple with common attributes found in current integration systems.

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Abstract

Vor 20 Jahren, genau gesagt am 26. Juli 1996, erblickte die Literatursuchmaschine "KVK" das Licht der Internet-Welt. Seit damals wurden mehrere Milliarden Suchanfragen von Karlsruhe aus an andere Web-Kataloge von Bibliotheken und Verbünden geschickt, Trefferlisten ausgewertet und den Nutzern in einheitlicher Form präsentiert. Dieser Beitrag erklärt, warum der KVK entwickelt wurde und warum es diesen "Internet-Dino" auch heute noch gibt und beschreibt den aktuellen Stand.

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Abstract

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) National Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education Digital Library (NSDL) program comprises a set of projects engaged in a collective effort to build a national digital library of high quality science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational materials for students and teachers at all levels, in both formal and informal settings. By providing broad access to a rich, reliable, and authoritative collection of interactive learning and teaching resources and associated services in a digital environment, the NSDL will encourage and sustain continual improvements in the quality of STEM education for all students, and serve as a resource for lifelong learning. Though the program is relatively new, its vision and operational framework have been developed over a number of years through various workshops and planning meetings. The NSDL program held its first formal funding cycle during fiscal year 2000 (FY00), accepting proposals in four tracks: Core Integration System, Collections, Services, and Targeted Research. Twenty-nine awards were made across these tracks in September 2000. Brief descriptions of each FY00 project appeared in an October 2000 D-Lib Magazine article; full abstracts are available from the Awards Section at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl/>. In FY01 the program received one hundred-nine proposals across its four tracks with the number of proposals in the collections, services, and targeted research tracks increasing to one hundred-one from the eighty received in FY00. In September 2001 grants were awarded to support 35 new projects: 1 project in the core integration track, 18 projects in the collections track, 13 in the services track, and 3 in targeted research. Two NSF directorates, the Directorate for Geosciences (GEO) and the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) are both providing significant co-funding on several projects, illustrating the NSDL program's facilitation of the integration of research and education, an important strategic objective of the NSF. Thus far across both fiscal years of the program fifteen projects have enjoyed this joint support. Following is a list of the FY01 awards indicating the official NSF award number (each beginning with DUE), the project title, the grantee institution, and the name of the Principal Investigator (PI). A condensed description of the project is also included. Full abstracts are available from the Awards Section at the NSDL program site at <http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/ehr/due/programs/nsdl/>. (Grants with shared titles are formal collaborations and are grouped together.) The projects are displayed by track and are listed by award number. In addition, six of these projects have explicit relevance and application to K-12 education. Six others clearly have potential for application to the K-12 arena. The NSDL program will have another funding cycle in fiscal year 2002 with the next program solicitation expected to be available in January 2002, and an anticipated deadline for proposals in mid-April 2002.