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  • × author_ss:"Tudhope, D."
  1. Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007) 0.04 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  2. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Improving interoperability using vocabulary linked data (2015) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The concept of Linked Data has been an emerging theme within the computing and digital heritage areas in recent years. The growth and scale of Linked Data has underlined the need for greater commonality in concept referencing, to avoid local redefinition and duplication of reference resources. Achieving domain-wide agreement on common vocabularies would be an unreasonable expectation; however, datasets often already have local vocabulary resources defined, and so the prospects for large-scale interoperability can be substantially improved by creating alignment links from these local vocabularies out to common external reference resources. The ARIADNE project is undertaking large-scale integration of archaeology dataset metadata records, to create a cross-searchable research repository resource. Key to enabling this cross search will be the 'subject' metadata originating from multiple data providers, containing terms from multiple multilingual controlled vocabularies. This paper discusses various aspects of vocabulary mapping. Experience from the previous SENESCHAL project in the publication of controlled vocabularies as Linked Open Data is discussed, emphasizing the importance of unique URI identifiers for vocabulary concepts. There is a need to align legacy indexing data to the uniquely defined concepts and examples are discussed of SENESCHAL data alignment work. A case study for the ARIADNE project presents work on mapping between vocabularies, based on the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus as a central hub and employing an interactive vocabulary mapping tool developed for the project, which generates SKOS mapping relationships in JSON and other formats. The potential use of such vocabulary mappings to assist cross search over archaeological datasets from different countries is illustrated in a pilot experiment. The results demonstrate the enhanced opportunities for interoperability and cross searching that the approach offers.
  3. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Mapping between linked data vocabularies in ARIADNE (2015) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Semantic Enrichment Enabling Sustainability of Archaeological Links (SENESCHAL) was a project coordinated by the Hypermedia Research Unit at the University of South Wales. The project aims included widening access to key vocabulary resources. National cultural heritage thesauri and vocabularies are used by both national organizations and local authority Historic Environment Records and could potentially act as vocabulary hubs for the Web of Data. Following completion, a set of prominent UK archaeological thesauri and vocabularies is now freely available as Linked Open Data (LOD) via http://www.heritagedata.org - together with open source web services and user interface controls. This presentation will reflect on work done to date for the ARIADNE FP7 infrastructure project (http://www.ariadne-infrastructure.eu) mapping between archaeological vocabularies in different languages and the utility of a hub architecture. The poly-hierarchical structure of the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) was extracted for use as an example mediating structure to interconnect various multilingual vocabularies originating from ARIADNE data providers. Vocabulary resources were first converted to a common concept-based format (SKOS) and the concepts were then manually mapped to nodes of the extracted AAT structure using some judgement on the meaning of terms and scope notes. Results are presented along with reflections on the wider application to existing European archaeological vocabularies and associated online datasets.
    Source
    https://at-web1.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2015/content/NKOS2015-presentation-tudhope.pdf
  4. Tudhope, D.; Hodge, G.: Terminology registries (2007) 0.02 
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    Date
    26.12.2011 13:22:07
    Source
    http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2007/programme.html
  5. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Terminology Web services (2010) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Controlled terminologies such as classification schemes, name authorities, and thesauri have long been the domain of the library and information science community. Although historically there have been initiatives towards library style classification of web resources, there remain significant problems with searching and quality judgement of online content. Terminology services can play a key role in opening up access to these valuable resources. By exposing controlled terminologies via a web service, organisations maintain data integrity and version control, whilst motivating external users to design innovative ways to present and utilise their data. We introduce terminology web services and review work in the area. We describe the approaches taken in establishing application programming interfaces (API) and discuss the comparative benefits of a dedicated terminology web service versus general purpose programming languages. We discuss experiences at Glamorgan in creating terminology web services and associated client interface components, in particular for the archaeology domain in the STAR (Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources) Project.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  6. Tudhope, D.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.; Binding, C.: Query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collections Design/methodology/approach - An extract of the National Museum of Science and Industry's collections database, indexed with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), was the dataset for the research. The system architecture and algorithms for semantic closeness and the matching function are outlined. Standalone and web interfaces are described and formative qualitative user studies are discussed. One user session is discussed in detail, together with a scenario based on a related public inquiry. Findings are set in context of the literature on thesaurus-based query expansion. This paper discusses the potential of query expansion techniques using the semantic relationships in a faceted thesaurus. Findings - Thesaurus-assisted retrieval systems have potential for multi-concept descriptors, permitting very precise queries and indexing. However, indexer and searcher may differ in terminology judgments and there may not be any exactly matching results. The integration of semantic closeness in the matching function permits ranked results for multi-concept queries in thesaurus-indexed applications. An in-memory representation of the thesaurus semantic network allows a combination of automatic and interactive control of expansion and control of expansion on individual query terms. Originality/value - The application of semantic expansion to browsing may be useful in interface options where thesaurus structure is hidden.
  7. Khoo, M.J.; Ahn, J.-w.; Binding, C.; Jones, H.J.; Lin, X.; Massam, D.; Tudhope, D.: Augmenting Dublin Core digital library metadata with Dewey Decimal Classification (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe a new approach to a well-known problem for digital libraries, how to search across multiple unrelated libraries with a single query. Design/methodology/approach - The approach involves creating new Dewey Decimal Classification terms and numbers from existing Dublin Core records. In total, 263,550 records were harvested from three digital libraries. Weighted key terms were extracted from the title, description and subject fields of each record. Ranked DDC classes were automatically generated from these key terms by considering DDC hierarchies via a series of filtering and aggregation stages. A mean reciprocal ranking evaluation compared a sample of 49 generated classes against DDC classes created by a trained librarian for the same records. Findings - The best results combined weighted key terms from the title, description and subject fields. Performance declines with increased specificity of DDC level. The results compare favorably with similar studies. Research limitations/implications - The metadata harvest required manual intervention and the evaluation was resource intensive. Future research will look at evaluation methodologies that take account of issues of consistency and ecological validity. Practical implications - The method does not require training data and is easily scalable. The pipeline can be customized for individual use cases, for example, recall or precision enhancing. Social implications - The approach can provide centralized access to information from multiple domains currently provided by individual digital libraries. Originality/value - The approach addresses metadata normalization in the context of web resources. The automatic classification approach accounts for matches within hierarchies, aggregating lower level matches to broader parents and thus approximates the practices of a human cataloger.
  8. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Toward terminology services : experiences with a pilot Web service thesaurus browser (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Dublin Core recommends controlled terminology for the subject of a resource. Knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as classifications, gazetteers, taxonomies and thesauri, provide controlled vocabularies that organize and structure concepts for indexing, classifying, browsing and search. For example, a thesaurus employs a set of standard semantic relationships (ISO 2788, ISO 5964), and major thesauri have a large entry vocabulary of terms considered equivalent for retrieval purposes. Many KOS have been made available for Web-based access. However, they are often not fully integrated into indexing and search systems and the full potential for networked and programmatic access remains untapped. The lack of standardized access and interchange formats impedes wider use of KOS resources. We developed a Web demonstrator (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~FACET/webdemo/) for the FACET project (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~facet/facetproject.html) that explored thesaurus-based query expansion with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A Web demonstrator was implemented via Active Server Pages (ASP) with server-side scripting and compiled server-side components for database access, and cascading style sheets for presentation. The browser-based interactive interface permits dynamic control of query term expansion. However, being based on a custom thesaurus representation and API, the techniques cannot be applied directly to thesauri in other formats on the Web. General programmatic access requires commonly agreed protocols, for example, building on Web and Grid services. The development of common KOS representation formats and service protocols are closely linked. Linda Hill and colleagues argued in 2002 for a general KOS service protocol from which protocols for specific types of KOS can be derived. Thus, in the future, a combination of thesaurus and query protocols might permit a thesaurus to be used with a choice of search tools on various kinds of databases. Service-oriented architectures bring an opportunity for moving toward a clearer separation of interface components from the underlying data sources. In our view, basing distributed protocol services on the atomic elements of thesaurus data structures and relationships is not necessarily the best approach because client operations that require multiple client-server calls would carry too much overhead. This would limit the interfaces that could be offered by applications following such a protocol. Advanced interactive interfaces require protocols that group primitive thesaurus data elements (via their relationships) into composites to achieve reasonable response.
  9. Binding, C.; Gnoli, C.; Tudhope, D.: Migrating a complex classification scheme to the semantic web : expressing the Integrative Levels Classification using SKOS RDF (2021) 0.01 
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    Theme
    Semantic Web
  10. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Still quite popular after all those years : the continued relevance of the information retrieval thesaurus (2016) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The recent ISKO-UK conference considered the question of whether the traditional thesaurus has any place in modern information retrieval. This note is intended to continue in the spirit of that good-natured debate, arguing that there is indeed a role today and highlighting some recent work showing the continued relevance of the thesaurus, particularly in the linked data area. Key functionality that a thesaurus makes possible is discussed. A brief outline is provided of prominent work hat employs thesauri in three key areas of infrastructure underpinning advanced retrieval functionality today: metadata enrichment,vocabulary mapping and web services.
  11. Tudhope, D.; Taylor, C.; Beynon-Davies, P.: Classification and hypermedia (1995) 0.01 
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    Source
    Proceedings of the 6th ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop, Oct. 8, 1995, Chicago, IL. Ed.: R.P. Schwartz et al
  12. Golub, K.; Tudhope, D.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems : functionality, use, and attributes (2014) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 8.2014 17:12:54
  13. Jones, I.; Cunliffe, D.; Tudhope, D.: Natural language processing and knowledge organization systems as an aid to retrieval (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper discusses research that employs methods from Natural Language Processing (NLP) in exploiting the intellectual resources of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), particularly in the retrieval of information. A technique for the disambiguation of homographs and nominal compounds in free text, where these are known ambiguous terms in the KOS itself, is described. The use of Roget's Thesaurus as an intermediary in the process is also reported. A short review of the relevant literature in the field is given. Design considerations, results and conclusions are presented from the implementation of a prototype system. The linguistic techniques are applied at two complementary levels, namely an a free text string used as an entry point to the KOS, and an the underlying controlled vocabulary itself.
    Content
    1. Introduction The need for research into the application of linguistic techniques in Information Retrieval (IR) in general, and a similar need in faceted Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) has been indicated by various authors. Smeaton (1997) points out the inherent limitations of conventional approaches to IR based an "bags of words", mainly difficulties caused by lexical ambiguity in the words concerned, and goes an to suggest the possibility of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in query formulation. Past experience with a faceted retrieval system highlighted the need for integrating the linguistic perspective in order to fully utilise the potential of a KOS (Tudhope et al." 2002). The present research seeks to address some of these needs in using NLP to improve the efficacy of KOS tools in query and retrieval systems. Syntactic parsing and part-of-speech tagging can substantially reduce lexical ambiguity through homograph disambiguation. Given the two strings "1 fable the motion" and "I put the motion an the fable", for instance, the parser used in this research clearly indicates that 'fable' in the first string is a verb, while 'table' in the second string is a noun, a distinction that would be missed in the "bag of words" approach. This syntactic disambiguation enables a more precise matching from free text to the controlled vocabulary of a KOS and vice versa. The use of a general linguistic resource, namely Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases (RTEWP), as an intermediary in this process, is investigated. The adaptation of the Link parser (Sleator & Temperley, 1993) to the purposes of the research is reported. The design and implementation of the early practical stages of the project are described, and the results of the initial experiments are presented and evaluated. Applications of the techniques developed are foreseen in the areas of query disambiguation, information retrieval and automatic indexing. In the first section of the paper a brief review of the literature and relevant current work in the field is presented. The second section includes reports an the development of algorithms, the construction of data sets and theoretical and experimental work undertaken to date. The third section evaluates the results obtained, and outlines directions for future research.
  14. Souza, R.R.; Tudhope, D.; Almeida, M.B.: ¬The KOS spectra : a tentative typology of knowledge organization systems (2010) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This work tries to propose a set of evaluation dimensions for the analysis of the knowledge organization systems (KOS), building over previous research and the available literature on the subject. It presents a compiled taxonomy of KOSs, a set of tentative characteristics proposed in the literature and the authors' spectra proposal. The full details of the typology are not covered in the scope of the article, but will be available as an ontology in the near future.
  15. Tudhope, D.; Taylor, C.: Navigation via similarity (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes a research project, in which similarity measures have been extended to include imprecise matching over different dimensions of structured classification schemes (subject, soace, time). The semantic similarity of information units forms the basis for the automatic construction of links and is integrated into hypermedia navigation. Outlines a semantic hypermedia architecture, and a prototype museum social history application. Presents illustrative navigation scenarios which make use of a navigation via similarity tool. The temporal mesaures of semantic closeness underpin the similarity tool. The temporal measures takes account of periods as well as time points. The most general measure is based on a traversal of a semantic net, taking into account relationship type and level of specialisation. It is based on a notion of closeness rather than absolute distance, and returns a seit of semantically close terms. Discusses a methods of calculating semantic similarity between sets of index terms, based on the maximal closeness values achieved by each term
  16. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Integrating faceted structure into the search process (2004) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The nature of search requirements is perceived to be changing, fuelled by a growing dissatisfaction with the marginal accuracy and often overwhelming quantity of results from simple keyword matching techniques. Traditional search interfaces fail to acknowledge and utilise the implicit underlying structure present within a typical keyword query. Faceted structure can (and should) perform a significant role in this area - acting as the basis for mediation between searcher and indexer, and guiding query formulation and reformulation by interactively educating the user about the native domain. This paper discusses the possible benefits of applying faceted knowledge organization systems to enhance query structure, query visualisation and the overall query process, drawing an the outcomes of a recently completed research project.
  17. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.: FACET: thesaurus retrieval with semantic term expansion (2002) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    There are many advantages for Digital Libraries in indexing with classifications or thesauri, but some current disincentive in the lack of flexible retrieval tools that deal with compound descriptors. This demonstration of a research prototype illustrates a matching function for compound descriptors, or multi-concept subject headings, that does not rely on exact matching but incorporates term expansion via thesaurus semantic relationships to produce ranked results that take account of missing and partially matching terms. The matching function is based on a measure of semantic closeness between terms.The work is part of the EPSRC funded FACET project in collaboration with the UK National Museum of Science and Industry (NMSI) which includes the National Railway Museum. An export of NMSI's Collections Database is used as the dataset for the research. The J. Paul Getty Trust's Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) is the main thesaurus in the project. The AAT is a widely used thesaurus (over 120,000 terms). Descriptors are organised in 7 facets representing separate conceptual classes of terms.The FACET application is a multi tiered architecture accessing a SQL Server database, with an OLE DB connection. The thesauri are stored as relational tables in the Server's database. However, a key component of the system is a parallel representation of the underlying semantic network as an in-memory structure of thesaurus concepts (corresponding to preferred terms). The structure models the hierarchical and associative interrelationships of thesaurus concepts via weighted poly-hierarchical links. Its primary purpose is real-time semantic expansion of query terms, achieved by a spreading activation semantic closeness algorithm. Queries with associated results are stored persistently using XML format data. A Visual Basic interface combines a thesaurus browser and an initial term search facility that takes into account equivalence relationships. Terms are dragged to a direct manipulation Query Builder which maintains the facet structure.
  18. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cuncliffe, D.: Representation and retrieval in faceted systems (2003) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper discusses two inter-related themes: the retrieval potential of faceted thesauri and XML representations of fundamental facets. Initial findings are discussed from the ongoing 'FACET' project, in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry. The work discussed seeks to take advantage of the structure afforded by faceted systems for multi-term queries and flexible matching, focusing in this paper an the Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A multi-term matching function yields ranked results with partial matches via semantic term expansion, based an a measure of distance over the semantic index space formed by thesaurus relationships. Our intention is to drive the system from general representations and a common query structure and interface. To this end, we are developing an XML representation based an work by the Classification Research Group an fundamental facets or categories. The XML representation maps categories to particular thesauri and hierarchies. The system interface, which is configured by the mapping, incorporates a thesaurus browser with navigation history together with a term search facility and drag and drop query builder.
  19. Golub, K.; Lykke, M.; Tudhope, D.: Enhancing social tagging with automated keywords from the Dewey Decimal Classification (2014) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of applying the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as an established knowledge organization system (KOS) for enhancing social tagging, with the ultimate purpose of improving subject indexing and information retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - Over 11.000 Intute metadata records in politics were used. Totally, 28 politics students were each given four tasks, in which a total of 60 resources were tagged in two different configurations, one with uncontrolled social tags only and another with uncontrolled social tags as well as suggestions from a controlled vocabulary. The controlled vocabulary was DDC comprising also mappings from the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Findings - The results demonstrate the importance of controlled vocabulary suggestions for indexing and retrieval: to help produce ideas of which tags to use, to make it easier to find focus for the tagging, to ensure consistency and to increase the number of access points in retrieval. The value and usefulness of the suggestions proved to be dependent on the quality of the suggestions, both as to conceptual relevance to the user and as to appropriateness of the terminology. Originality/value - No research has investigated the enhancement of social tagging with suggestions from the DDC, an established KOS, in a user trial, comparing social tagging only and social tagging enhanced with the suggestions. This paper is a final reflection on all aspects of the study.
  20. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.: Compound descriptors in context : a matching function for classifications and thesauri (2002) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Auch unter: http://www.glam.ac.uk/soc/research/hypermedia/publications/jcdl02.pdf http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/550000/544235/p84-tudhope.pdf; http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=544235;

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