Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

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Source

Journal of documentation. 29(1973), S.351-372

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Abstract

The attempt to computerize a process, such as indexing, abstracting, classifying, or retrieving information, begins with an analysis of the process into its intellectual and nonintellectual components. That part of the process which is amenable to computerization is mechanical or algorithmic. What is not is intellectual or creative and requires human intervention. Gerard Salton has been an innovator, experimenter, and promoter in the area of mechanized information systems since the early 1960s. He has been particularly ingenious at analyzing the process of information retrieval into its algorithmic components. He received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University before moving to the computer science department at Cornell, where he developed a prototype automatic retrieval system called SMART. Working with this system he and his students contributed for over a decade to our theoretical understanding of the retrieval process. On a more practical level, they have contributed design criteria for operating retrieval systems. The following selection presents one of the early descriptions of the SMART system; it is valuable as it shows the direction automatic retrieval methods were to take beyond simple word-matching techniques. These include various word normalization techniques to improve recall, for instance, the separation of words into stems and affixes; the correlation and clustering, using statistical association measures, of related terms; and the identification, using a concept thesaurus, of synonymous, broader, narrower, and sibling terms. They include, as weIl, techniques, both linguistic and statistical, to deal with the thorny problem of how to automatically extract from texts index terms that consist of more than one word. They include weighting techniques and various documentrequest matching algorithms. Significant among the latter are those which produce a retrieval output of citations ranked in relevante order. During the 1970s, Salton and his students went an to further refine these various techniques, particularly the weighting and statistical association measures. Many of their early innovations seem commonplace today. Some of their later techniques are still ahead of their time and await technological developments for implementation. The particular focus of the selection that follows is an the evaluation of a particular component of the SMART system, a multilingual thesaurus. By mapping English language expressions and their German equivalents to a common concept number, the thesaurus permitted the automatic processing of German language documents against English language queries and vice versa. The results of the evaluation, as it turned out, were somewhat inconclusive. However, this SMART experiment suggested in a bold and optimistic way how one might proceed to answer such complex questions as What is meant by retrieval language compatability? How it is to be achieved, and how evaluated?

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Source

Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. 29(1986), S.648-656

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Date

16. 8.1998 12:30:29

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Abstract

Sophisticated text similarity measurements are used to determine relationships between natural language text and text excerpts. The resulting linked hypertext maps can be decomposed into text segments and text theme, and these decompositions are usable to identify different text types and text structures, leading to improved text access and utilization. Gives examples of text decomposition for expository and non expository texts

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Abstract

Current approaches to the analysis of natural language text are not viable for documents of unrestricted scope. A global text analysis system is proposed designed to identify homogeneous text environments in which the meaning of text words and phrases remains unambiguous, and useful term relationships may be automatically determined. The proposed methods include document clustering methods, as well as comparisons of local document excerpts in specified global contexts, leading to structured text representations in which similar texts, or text excerpts, are appropriately linked

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Source

Journal of documentation. 35(1979) no.1, S.1-29