Search (30 results, page 1 of 2)

0.19075766 = product of:
  0.38151532 = sum of:
    0.36128923 = weight(_text_:markup in 3849) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.36128923 = score(doc=3849,freq=18.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        1.3071821 = fieldWeight in 3849, product of:
          4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
            18.0 = termFreq=18.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3849)
    0.020226087 = product of:
      0.06067826 = sum of:
        0.06067826 = weight(_text_:language in 3849) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06067826 = score(doc=3849,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.3678087 = fieldWeight in 3849, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3849)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Current global communication of people and software applications over the Internet is facilitated by the use of markup languages. This entry introduces the principles and different types of markup, and the history behind the current markup languages. The basis of the modern markup languages is the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) or its restricted form Extensible Markup Language (XML). This entry describes the markup techniques used in SGML and XML, gives examples of their use, and briefly describes some representative SGML and XML applications from different domains. An important factor in the success of XML has been the possibility to reuse markup vocabularies and combine vocabularies originating from different sources. This entry describes the concepts and methods facilitating the reuse of names from earlier defined vocabularies.

0.1431852 = product of:
  0.2863704 = sum of:
    0.20071624 = weight(_text_:markup in 4950) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.20071624 = score(doc=4950,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.72621226 = fieldWeight in 4950, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4950)
    0.085654154 = product of:
      0.12848122 = sum of:
        0.07151002 = weight(_text_:language in 4950) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.07151002 = score(doc=4950,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.4334667 = fieldWeight in 4950, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4950)
        0.056971207 = weight(_text_:22 in 4950) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.056971207 = score(doc=4950,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14725003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 4950, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4950)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Date

30. 3.2003 11:06:22

0.13473175 = product of:
  0.2694635 = sum of:
    0.2408595 = weight(_text_:markup in 4759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.2408595 = score(doc=4759,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.8714547 = fieldWeight in 4759, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4759)
    0.028604005 = product of:
      0.08581201 = sum of:
        0.08581201 = weight(_text_:language in 4759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08581201 = score(doc=4759,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.52016 = fieldWeight in 4759, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4759)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

0.13054278 = product of:
  0.26108557 = sum of:
    0.2408595 = weight(_text_:markup in 3781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.2408595 = score(doc=3781,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.8714547 = fieldWeight in 3781, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3781)
    0.020226087 = product of:
      0.06067826 = sum of:
        0.06067826 = weight(_text_:language in 3781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.06067826 = score(doc=3781,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.3678087 = fieldWeight in 3781, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3781)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

XML, the Extensible Markup Language is a syntax for tagging, or marking-up, textual information. It is a standard, established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that many use when sharing or working with structured information. XML isn't used by itself, but as a tool to create other data-specific markup languages. One benefit to using XML is that it enables these languages to distinguish the content that is being marked up from its presentation, allowing for greater flexibility and data reuse. The library community has embraced XML and uses it as the foundation for many of their own data-specific markup languages. Perhaps the greatest strength of XML is that it is very easy to start working with and yet, in conjunction with many other XML-related standards and technologies, can also be used to develop complex applications.

0.11668112 = product of:
  0.23336224 = sum of:
    0.20859045 = weight(_text_:markup in 1438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.20859045 = score(doc=1438,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.754702 = fieldWeight in 1438, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1438)
    0.0247718 = product of:
      0.0743154 = sum of:
        0.0743154 = weight(_text_:language in 1438) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0743154 = score(doc=1438,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.45047188 = fieldWeight in 1438, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1438)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The authors, hoping to stimulate interest in XML (Extensible Markup Language) and explain its value to the library community, offer a fine introduction to the topic. The opening chapter defines XML as "a system for electronically tagging or marking up documents in order to label, organize, and categorize their content" and then goes on to describe its origins and fundamental building blocks. Subsequent chapters address related technologies, schema development, XML-based tools, and current and future library uses. The authors argue persuasively for increased XML use, emphasizing its advantages over HTML in flexibility, interoperability, extensibility, and internationalization. Information is detailed, deftly written, and supported by numerous examples. Readers without a technological bent may find the text daunting, but their perseverance will be richly rewarded. Particularly recommended for webmasters and those working in library information systems and technical services.

LCSH

XML (Document markup language)

Subject

XML (Document markup language)

0.11379969 = product of:
  0.22759938 = sum of:
    0.19869895 = weight(_text_:markup in 3766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.19869895 = score(doc=3766,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.7189135 = fieldWeight in 3766, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3766)
    0.02890043 = product of:
      0.08670129 = sum of:
        0.08670129 = weight(_text_:language in 3766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.08670129 = score(doc=3766,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.5255505 = fieldWeight in 3766, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3766)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Document Type Definitions (DTDs) are schemas that describe the structure and, to a limited extent, the content of Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) documents. At its inception, the XML standard inherited the DTD from SGML as its only schema language. Many alternative schema languages have subsequently been developed for XML. But the DTD is still alive and actively used to define narrative-based document types. This entry describes the basic syntax of the DTD and compares it to its two main rivals: W3C XML Schema and RELAX NG.

0.111446224 = product of:
  0.22289245 = sum of:
    0.20859045 = weight(_text_:markup in 718) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.20859045 = score(doc=718,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.754702 = fieldWeight in 718, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=718)
    0.014302002 = product of:
      0.042906005 = sum of:
        0.042906005 = weight(_text_:language in 718) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.042906005 = score(doc=718,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.26008 = fieldWeight in 718, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=718)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

There is a widespread perception that, in terms of web-technology, XML is going to be the 'next big thing'. Given the amount of comment that it has generated, it seems to be on its way to achieving that status. But how much of the praise should be taken at face value, and how much of the hype is credible? In the following article we examine some of the claims made about the importance of XML and consider how far the enthusiasm about it can be justified. Will XML cause a revolution that will change the way that everyone uses the Internet, whether as searchers or data creators? Or is it a tool for certain types of e-commerce and large-scale markup, which may not have a significant impact on the majority of web users?

0.0980203 = product of:
  0.1960406 = sum of:
    0.17952606 = weight(_text_:markup in 1744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.17952606 = score(doc=1744,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.649544 = fieldWeight in 1744, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1744)
    0.016514532 = product of:
      0.049543597 = sum of:
        0.049543597 = weight(_text_:language in 1744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049543597 = score(doc=1744,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30031458 = fieldWeight in 1744, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1744)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Although Learning XML covers XML with a broad brush, it nevertheless presents the key elements of the technology with enough detail to familiarise the reader with the crucial markup language. This guide is brief enough to tackle in a weekend. Author Erik T Ray begins with an excellent summary of XML's history as an outgrowth of SGML and HTML. He outlines very clearly the elements of markup, demystifying concepts such as attributes, entities and namespaces with numerous clear examples. To illustrate a real-world XML application, he gives the reader a look at a document written in DocBook--a publicly available XML document type for publishing technical writings--and explains the sections of the document step by step. A simplified version of DocBook is used later in the book to illustrate transformation--a powerful benefit of XML. The all-important Document Type Definition (DTD) is covered in depth, but the still-unofficial alternative--XML Schema--is only briefly addressed. The author makes liberal use of graphical illustrations, tables and code to demonstrate concepts along the way, keeping the reader engaged and on track. Ray also gets into a deep discussion of programming XML utilities with Perl. Learning XML is a highly readable introduction to XML for readers with existing knowledge of markup and Web technologies, and it meets its goals very well--to deliver a broad perspective of XML and its potential.

LCSH

XML (Document markup language)

Subject

XML (Document markup language)

0.078593515 = product of:
  0.15718703 = sum of:
    0.14050137 = weight(_text_:markup in 3704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.14050137 = score(doc=3704,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.5083486 = fieldWeight in 3704, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3704)
    0.01668567 = product of:
      0.05005701 = sum of:
        0.05005701 = weight(_text_:language in 3704) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05005701 = score(doc=3704,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30342668 = fieldWeight in 3704, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3704)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Unabhängigkeit von Plattformen und Fähigkeit, Daten verlustfrei über das Internet auszutauschen, verhalfen der eXtensible Markup Language (XML) zum Durchbruch mit der daraus resultierenden Forderung nach und Entwicklung von nativen XML-Datenbanken. Behandelt wird, in wie weit an native XML-Datenbanken bereits ein Standard gelegt werden kann und für welche Einsatzgebiete sie geeignet sind. Dies geschieht über die Definition von Datenbanken und Anfragesprachen allgemein, unter der Betrachtung von XML-fähigen Datenbanken und mittels Vergleich von Xindice, eXist, Tamino und Natix als exemplarischen XML-Datenbanken in Konzept, verfügbaren Features und Handhabbarkeit.

0.078593515 = product of:
  0.15718703 = sum of:
    0.14050137 = weight(_text_:markup in 4886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.14050137 = score(doc=4886,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.5083486 = fieldWeight in 4886, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4886)
    0.01668567 = product of:
      0.05005701 = sum of:
        0.05005701 = weight(_text_:language in 4886) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05005701 = score(doc=4886,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30342668 = fieldWeight in 4886, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4886)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

0.078593515 = product of:
  0.15718703 = sum of:
    0.14050137 = weight(_text_:markup in 4899) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.14050137 = score(doc=4899,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.5083486 = fieldWeight in 4899, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4899)
    0.01668567 = product of:
      0.05005701 = sum of:
        0.05005701 = weight(_text_:language in 4899) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05005701 = score(doc=4899,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30342668 = fieldWeight in 4899, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4899)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

The eventual adaptation of archives to new technological possibilities could begin with the creation of digital versions of archival finding aids, which would allow the international diffusion of descriptive information. The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), document type definition (DTD) for archival description known as encoded archival description (EAD) is an appropriate tool for this purpose. Presents a methodological strategy that begins with an analysis of EAD and the informational object to be marked up, allowing the semiautomatic creation of a digital version.

0.078593515 = product of:
  0.15718703 = sum of:
    0.14050137 = weight(_text_:markup in 3847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.14050137 = score(doc=3847,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.5083486 = fieldWeight in 3847, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3847)
    0.01668567 = product of:
      0.05005701 = sum of:
        0.05005701 = weight(_text_:language in 3847) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05005701 = score(doc=3847,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30342668 = fieldWeight in 3847, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3847)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

This entry describes notions and methods for analyzing and modeling documents in an organizational context. A model for the analysis process is provided and methods for data gathering, modeling, and user needs analysis described. The methods have been originally developed and tested during document standardization activities carried out in the Finnish Parliament and ministries. Later the methods have been adopted and adapted in other Finnish organizations in their document management development projects. The methods are intended especially for cases where the goal is to develop an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based solution for document management. This entry emphasizes the importance of analyzing and describing documents in their organizational context.

0.072600774 = product of:
  0.14520155 = sum of:
    0.12042975 = weight(_text_:markup in 1622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.12042975 = score(doc=1622,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.43572736 = fieldWeight in 1622, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1622)
    0.0247718 = product of:
      0.0743154 = sum of:
        0.0743154 = weight(_text_:language in 1622) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0743154 = score(doc=1622,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.45047188 = fieldWeight in 1622, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1622)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Thesauri are used to provide controlled vocabularies for resource classification. Their use can greatly assist document discovery because thesauri man date a consistent shared terminology for describing documents. A particular thesauras classifies documents according to an information community's needs. As a result, there are many different thesaural schemas. This has led to a proliferation of schema-specific thesaural systems. In our research, we exploit schematic regularities to design a generic thesaural ontology and specfiy it as a markup language. The language provides a common representational framework in which to encode the idiosyncrasies of specific thesauri. This approach has several advantages: it offers consistent syntax and semantics in which to express thesauri; it allows general purpose thesaural applications to leverage many thesauri; and it supports a single thesaural user interface by which information communities can consistently organise, score and retrieve electronic documents.

0.07167879 = product of:
  0.14335757 = sum of:
    0.10035812 = weight(_text_:markup in 3373) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10035812 = score(doc=3373,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.36310613 = fieldWeight in 3373, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3373)
    0.042999458 = product of:
      0.064499184 = sum of:
        0.03575501 = weight(_text_:language in 3373) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03575501 = score(doc=3373,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.21673335 = fieldWeight in 3373, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3373)
        0.028744178 = weight(_text_:29 in 3373) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.028744178 = score(doc=3373,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14791684 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.19432661 = fieldWeight in 3373, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3373)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

A band of archivists and IT professionals at Harvard took on a project to convert nearly two million descriptions of archival collection components from marked-up text into the ArchivesSpace archival metadata management system. Starting in the mid-1990s, Harvard was an alpha implementer of EAD, an SGML (later XML) text markup language for electronic inventories, indexes, and finding aids that archivists use to wend their way through the sometimes quirky filing systems that bureaucracies establish for their records or the utter chaos in which some individuals keep their personal archives. These pathfinder documents, designed to cope with messy reality, can themselves be difficult to classify. Portions of them are rigorously structured, while other parts are narrative. Early documents predate the establishment of the standard; many feature idiosyncratic encoding that had been through several machine conversions, while others were freshly encoded and fairly consistent. In this paper, we will cover the practical and technical challenges involved in preparing a large (900MiB) corpus of XML for ingest into an open-source archival information system (ArchivesSpace). This case study will give an overview of the project, discuss problem discovery and problem solving, and address the technical challenges, analysis, solutions, and decisions and provide information on the tools produced and lessons learned. The authors of this piece are Kate Bowers, Collections Services Archivist for Metadata, Systems, and Standards at the Harvard University Archive, and Dave Mayo, a Digital Library Software Engineer for Harvard's Library and Technology Services. Kate was heavily involved in both metadata analysis and later problem solving, while Dave was the sole full-time developer assigned to the migration project.

Date

31. 1.2017 13:29:56

0.06502839 = product of:
  0.13005678 = sum of:
    0.11354225 = weight(_text_:markup in 3005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.11354225 = score(doc=3005,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.4108077 = fieldWeight in 3005, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3005)
    0.016514532 = product of:
      0.049543597 = sum of:
        0.049543597 = weight(_text_:language in 3005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.049543597 = score(doc=3005,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.30031458 = fieldWeight in 3005, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3005)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Using new communication technologies libraries must face continuously new questions, possibilities and expectations. This study discusses library-related aspects of our electronic era and how computer-related data formats affect bibliographic dataprocessing to give a summary of the most important results. First bibliographic formats for the exchange of bibliographic and related information in the machine-readable form between different types of computer systems were created more than 30 years ago. The evolution of information technologies leads to the improvement of computer systems. In addition to the development of computers and media types Internet has a great influence on data structure as well. Since the introduction of MARC bibliographic format, technology of data exchange between computers and between different computer systems has reached a very sophisticated stage and has contributed to the creation of new standards in this field. Today libraries work with this new infrastructure that induces many challenges. One of the most significant challenges is moving from a relatively homogenous bibliographic environment to a diverse one. Despite these challenges such changes are achievable and necessary to exploit possibilities of new metadata and technologies like the Internet and XML (Extensible Markup Language). XML is an open standard, a universal language for data on the Web. XML is nearly six-years-old standard designed for the description and computer-based management of (semi)-structured data and structured texts. XML gives developers the power to deliver structured data from a wide variety of applications and it is also an ideal format from server-to-server transfer of structured data. XML also isn't limited for Internet use and is an especially valuable tool in the field of library. In fact, XML's main strength - organizing information - makes it perfect for exchanging data between different systems. Tools that work with the XML can be used to process XML records without incurring additional costs associated with one's own software development. In addition, XML is also a suitable format for library web services. The Department of Computer-related Graphic Design and Library and Information Sciences of Debrecen University launched the BDML (Bibliographic Description Markup Language) development project in order to standardize bibliogrphic description with the help of XML.

0.05613823 = product of:
  0.11227646 = sum of:
    0.10035812 = weight(_text_:markup in 1467) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10035812 = score(doc=1467,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.36310613 = fieldWeight in 1467, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1467)
    0.011918336 = product of:
      0.03575501 = sum of:
        0.03575501 = weight(_text_:language in 1467) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03575501 = score(doc=1467,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.21673335 = fieldWeight in 1467, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1467)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is fast gaining favor as the universal format for data and document exchange -- in effect becoming the lingua franca of the Information Age. Currently, "library information" is at a particular disadvantage on the rapidly evolving World Wide Web. Why? Despite libraries'explorations of web catalogs, scanning projects, digital data repositories, and creation of web pages galore, there remains a digital divide. The core of libraries' data troves are stored in proprietary formats of integrated library systems (ILS) and in the complex and arcane MARC formats -- both restricted chiefly to the province of technical services and systems librarians. Even they are hard-pressed to extract and integrate this wealth of data with resources from outside this rarefied environment. Segregation of library information underlies many difficulties: producing standard bibliographic citations from MARC data, automatically creating new materials lists (including new web resources) on a particular topic, exchanging data with our vendors, and even migrating from one ILS to another. Why do we continue to hobble our potential by embracing these self-imposed limitations? Most ILSs began in libraries, which soon recognized the pitfalls of do-it-yourself solutions. Thus, we wisely anticipated the necessity for standards. However, with the advent of the web, we soon found "our" collections and a flood of new resources appearing in digital format on opposite sides of the divide. If we do not act quickly to integrate library resources with mainstream web resources, we are in grave danger of becoming marginalized

0.05613823 = product of:
  0.11227646 = sum of:
    0.10035812 = weight(_text_:markup in 1629) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.10035812 = score(doc=1629,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.36310613 = fieldWeight in 1629, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1629)
    0.011918336 = product of:
      0.03575501 = sum of:
        0.03575501 = weight(_text_:language in 1629) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03575501 = score(doc=1629,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.21673335 = fieldWeight in 1629, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1629)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Die Extensible Markup Language (XML) ist eine Metaauszeichnungssprache, die 1998 vom World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) als neue Empfehlung für Web-Anwendungen festgesetzt wurde. In XML-Dokumenten werden die hierarchische Struktur und der Inhalt der Dokumente festgelegt, aber keinerlei Angaben zum Layout gemacht. Dieses wird in so genannten Stylesheets definiert. Auf dieser strikten Trennung von Struktur und Layout beruht das große Potenzial von XML im Hinblick auf das Cross-Media-Publishing: Mit Hilfe mehrerer Stylesheets, die sich alle auf ein XML-Dokument beziehen, ist es mit relativ geringem Aufwand möglich, aus einem Datenbestand verschiedene Ausgabeprodukte zu erzeugen.Einleitend gibt die Autorin einen kurzen Überblick über die Grundzüge, den Leistungsumfang und die Funktionalitäten von XML und einigen zugehörigen Spezifikationen, die im Zusammenhang mit XML entwickelt wurden. Nachfolgend wird der Themenkomplex der Informationsmittel, wie z.B. Lexika und Enzyklopädien behandelt. Schwerpunktmäßig wird hier dargestellt, wie XML heutzutage in Verlagen zur Publikation von Informationsmitteln eingesetzt wird und welche Vor- und Nachteile eine derartige Auszeichnung der Daten mit sich bringt. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Teil wird am Beispiel eines geografischen Lexikonartikels praktisch demonstriert, wie sich aus einem einmal erfassten Datenbestand verschiedene Ausgabeprodukte generieren lassen. Ein lesenswertes Werk für alle Informatiker, Programmierer und Webdesigner und andere am Thema interessierte Leser, die mehr über diese Sprache erfahren wollen.

0.050114818 = product of:
  0.100229636 = sum of:
    0.07025068 = weight(_text_:markup in 4002) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.07025068 = score(doc=4002,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.2541743 = fieldWeight in 4002, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4002)
    0.029978951 = product of:
      0.044968426 = sum of:
        0.025028504 = weight(_text_:language in 4002) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.025028504 = score(doc=4002,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.15171334 = fieldWeight in 4002, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4002)
        0.019939922 = weight(_text_:22 in 4002) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.019939922 = score(doc=4002,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.14725003 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.1354154 = fieldWeight in 4002, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4002)
      0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Abstract

Dieses Buch richtet sich an alle, die eine kompetente Einführung in XML benötigen - praxisnah und verständlich aufbereitet. Die referenzartige Darstellung der eXtensible Markup Language XML, ihrer Dialekte und Technologien wird dabei durch viele Beispiele vertieft. »Einstieg in XML« ist kein theoretisches Buch zu verschiedenen Standards der Sprachfamilie XML. Hier bekommen Sie in konzentrierter Form genau das, was Sie zur Entwicklung eigener XML-Lösungen brauchen. Die im Buch enthaltene CD enthält alle nötigen Tools, um sofort starten zu können.

Footnote

Rez. in: XML Magazin und Web Services 2003, H.1, S.14 (S. Meyen): "Seit dem 22. Februar 1999 ist das Resource Description Framework (RDF) als W3C-Empfehlung verfügbar. Doch was steckt hinter diesem Standard, der das Zeitalter des Semantischen Webs einläuten soll? Was RDF bedeutet, wozu man es einsetzt, welche Vorteile es gegenüber XML hat und wie man RDF anwendet, soll in diesem Artikel erläutert werden. Schlägt man das Buch auf und beginnt, im EinleitungsKapitel zu schmökern, fällt sogleich ins Auge, dass der Leser nicht mit Lektionen im Stile von "bei XML sind die spitzen Klammern ganz wichtig" belehrt wird, obgleich es sich um ein Buch für Anfänger handelt. Im Gegenteil: Es geht gleich zur Sache und eine gesunde Mischung an Vorkenntnissen wird vorausgesetzt. Wer sich heute für XML interessiert, der hat ja mit 99-prozentiger Wahrscheinlichkeit schon seine einschlägigen Erfahrungen mit HTML und dem Web gemacht und ist kein Newbie in dem Reich der spitzen Klammern und der (einigermaßen) wohlformatierten Dokumente. Und hier liegt eine deutliche Stärke des Werkes Helmut Vonhoegens, der seinen Einsteiger-Leser recht gut einzuschätzen weiß und ihn daher praxisnah und verständlich ans Thema heranführt. Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Document Type Definition (DTD) und beschreibt deren Einsatzziele und Verwendungsweisen. Doch betont der Autor hier unablässig die Begrenztheit dieses Ansatzes, welche den Ruf nach einem neuen Konzept deutlich macht: XML Schema, welches er im folgenden Kapitel darstellt. Ein recht ausführliches Kapitel widmet sich dann dem relativ aktuellen XML Schema-Konzept und erläutert dessen Vorzüge gegenüber der DTD (Modellierung komplexer Datenstrukturen, Unterstützung zahlreicher Datentypen, Zeichenbegrenzungen u.v.m.). XML Schema legt, so erfährt der Leser, wie die alte DTD, das Vokabular und die zulässige Grammatik eines XML-Dokuments fest, ist aber seinerseits ebenfalls ein XML-Dokument und kann (bzw. sollte) wie jedes andere XML auf Wohlgeformtheit überprüft werden. Weitere Kapitel behandeln die Navigations-Standards XPath, XLink und XPointer, Transformationen mit XSLT und XSL und natürlich die XML-Programmierschnittstellen DOM und SAX. Dabei kommen verschiedene Implementierungen zum Einsatz und erfreulicherweise werden Microsoft-Ansätze auf der einen und Java/Apache-Projekte auf der anderen Seite in ungefähr vergleichbarem Umfang vorgestellt. Im letzten Kapitel schließlich behandelt Vonhoegen die obligatorischen Web Services ("Webdienste") als Anwendungsfall von XML und demonstriert ein kleines C#- und ASP-basiertes Beispiel (das Java-Äquivalent mit Apache Axis fehlt leider). "Einstieg in XML" präsentiert seinen Stoff in klar verständlicher Form und versteht es, seine Leser auf einem guten Niveau "abzuholen". Es bietet einen guten Überblick über die Grundlagen von XML und kann - zumindest derzeit noch - mit recht hoher Aktualität aufwarten."

0.047634866 = product of:
  0.09526973 = sum of:
    0.08515669 = weight(_text_:markup in 4804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.08515669 = score(doc=4804,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.30810577 = fieldWeight in 4804, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=4804)
    0.010113044 = product of:
      0.03033913 = sum of:
        0.03033913 = weight(_text_:language in 4804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03033913 = score(doc=4804,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.18390435 = fieldWeight in 4804, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=4804)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

"Die Extensible Markup Language (XML) ist eine Metaauszeichnungssprache, die 1998 vom World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), einer Organisation, die sich mit der Erstellung von Web Standards und neuen Technologien für das Internet beschäftigt, als neue Empfehlung für Web-Anwendungen festgesetzt wurde. Seitdem ist viel über XML und die sich durch diese Sprache ergebenden neuen Möglichkeiten des Datenaustausches über das Internet publiziert worden. In XML-Dokumenten werden die hierarchische Struktur und der Inhalt der Dokumente festgelegt, aber keinerlei Angaben zum Layout gemacht. Dieses wird in so genannten Stylesheets definiert. Mit Hilfe mehrerer Stylesheets, die sich alle auf ein XML-Dokument beziehen, ist es möglich, aus einem Datenbestand verschiedene Ausgabeprodukte, z.B. eine Online-Version und eine druckbare Ausgabe eines Dokuments, zu erzeugen. Diese Möglichkeit der Herstellung verschiedener medialer Varianten eines Produkts ist auch für die Herstellung von Informationsmitteln interessant. Im Bereich der Produktion von Informationsmitteln, vor allem von Lexika und Enzyklopädien, ist in den letzten Jahren zu beobachten gewesen, dass neben der traditionellen, gedruckten Ausgabe des Nachschlagewerks zunehmend auch elektronische Varianten, die durch multimediale Elemente angereichert sind, angeboten werden. Diese elektronischen Nachschlagewerke werden sowohl offline, d.h. auf CD-ROM bzw. DVD, als auch online im Internet veröffentlicht. Im Gegensatz zu den gedruckten Versionen werden die neuen Produkte fast jährlich aktualisiert. Diese neue Situation erforderte Veränderungen im Herstellungsprozess. Ein Verfahren, das die Erzeugung verschiedener medialer Varianten eines Produkts möglichst einfach und problemlos ermöglicht, wurde benötigt. XML und ihr Vorgänger, die Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), schienen die perfekte Lösung für dieses Problem zu sein. Die Erwartungen an den Nutzen, den SGML und XML bringen könnten, waren hoch: "Allein dieses Spitzklammerformat, eingespeist in einen Datenpool, soll auf Knopfdruck die Generierung der verschiedensten Medienprodukte ermöglichen". Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, darzustellen, wie der neue Standard XML bei der Publikation von Informationsmitteln eingesetzt werden kann, um aus einem einmal erfassten Datenbestand mit möglichst geringem Aufwand mehrere Ausgabeprodukte zu generieren. Es wird darauf eingegangen, welche Ausgabeformen sich in diesem Bereich für XML-Dokumente anbieten und mit welchen Verfahren und Hilfsmitteln die jeweiligen Ausgabeformate erstellt werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang sollen auch die Aspekte behandelt werden, die sich bei der Umwandlung von XML-Dokumenten in andere For mate unter Umständen als problematisch erweisen könnten.

0.046885278 = product of:
  0.093770556 = sum of:
    0.080286495 = weight(_text_:markup in 3100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.080286495 = score(doc=3100,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.27638784 = queryWeight, product of:
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.042049456 = queryNorm
        0.2904849 = fieldWeight in 3100, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          6.572923 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3100)
    0.013484059 = product of:
      0.040452175 = sum of:
        0.040452175 = weight(_text_:language in 3100) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.040452175 = score(doc=3100,freq=16.0), product of:
            0.16497234 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.042049456 = queryNorm
            0.2452058 = fieldWeight in 3100, product of:
              4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
                16.0 = termFreq=16.0
              3.9232929 = idf(docFreq=2376, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3100)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
  0.5 = coord(2/4)

Content

Sammelrezension mit: (1) The ABCs of XML: The Librarian's Guide to the eXtensible Markup Language. Norman Desmarais. Houston, TX: New Technology Press, 2000. 206 pp. $28.00. (ISBN: 0-9675942-0-0) und (2) Learning XML. Erik T. Ray. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly & Associates, 2003. 400 pp. $34.95. (ISBN: 0-596-00420-6)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.14, S.1304-1305 (Z. Holbrooks):"The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its family of enabling technologies (XPath, XPointer, XLink, XSLT, et al.) were the new "new thing" only a couple of years ago. Happily, XML is now a W3C standard, and its enabling technologies are rapidly proliferating and maturing. Together, they are changing the way data is handled an the Web, how legacy data is accessed and leveraged in corporate archives, and offering the Semantic Web community a powerful toolset. Library and information professionals need a basic understanding of what XML is, and what its impacts will be an the library community as content vendors and publishers convert to the new standards. Norman Desmarais aims to provide librarians with an overview of XML and some potential library applications. The ABCs of XML contains the useful basic information that most general XML works cover. It is addressed to librarians, as evidenced by the occasional reference to periodical vendors, MARC, and OPACs. However, librarians without SGML, HTML, database, or programming experience may find the work daunting. The snippets of code-most incomplete and unattended by screenshots to illustrate the result of the code's execution-obscure more often than they enlighten. A single code sample (p. 91, a book purchase order) is immediately recognizable and sensible. There are no figures, illustrations, or screenshots. Subsection headings are used conservatively. Readers are confronted with page after page of unbroken technical text, and occasionally oddly formatted text (in some of the code samples). The author concentrates an commercial products and projects. Library and agency initiatives-for example, the National Institutes of Health HL-7 and U.S. Department of Education's GEM project-are notable for their absence. The Library of Congress USMARC to SGML effort is discussed in chapter 1, which covers the relationship of XML to its parent SGML, the XML processor, and data type definitions, using MARC as its illustrative example. Chapter 3 addresses the stylesheet options for XML, including DSSSL, CSS, and XSL. The Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL) was created for use with SGML, and pruned into DSSSL-Lite and further (DSSSL-online). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created for use with HTML. Extensible Style Language (XSL) is a further revision (and extension) of DSSSL-o specifically for use with XML. Discussion of aural stylesheets and Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) round out the chapter.
Chapter 4 introduces XML internal and external pointing and linking technologies. XML Link Language (XLL, now XLink) provides unidirectional, multi-ended, and typed linking. XPointer, used with XLink, provides addressing into the interior of XML documents. XPath operates an the logical structure of an XML document, creating a tree of nodes. Used with both XPointer and XSLT, it permits operations an strings, numbers, and Boolean expressions in the document. The final chapter, "Getting Started" argues for the adoption of a tool for XML production. The features and functionality of various tools for content development, application development, databases, and schema development provide an introduction to some of the available options. Roy Tennant is weIl known in the library community as an author (bis column "Digital Libraries" has appeared in Library Journal since 1997 and he has published Current Cites each month for more than a decade), an electronic discussion list manager (Web4Lib and XML4Lib), and as the creator and manager of UC/Berkeley's Digital Library SunSITE. Librarians have wondered what use they might make of XML since its beginnings. Tennant suggests one answer: "The Extensible Markup Language (XML) has the potential to exceed the impact of MARC an librarianship. While MARC is limited to bibliographic descriptionand arguably a subset at that, as any archivist will tell you-XML provides a highly-effective framework for encoding anything from a bibliographic record for a book to the book itself." (Tennant, p. vii) This slim paperback volume offers librarians and library managers concerned with automation projects "show and teIl" examples of XML technologies used as solutions to everyday tasks and challenges. What distinguishes this work is the editor and contributors' commitment to providing messy details. This book's target audience is technically savvy. While not a "cookbook" per se, the information provided an each project serves as a draft blueprint complete with acronyms and jargon. The inclusion of "lessons learned" (including failures as well as successes) is refreshing and commendable. Experienced IT and automation project veterans will appreciate the technical specifics more fully than the general reader.
Tennant's collection covers a variety of well- and lesser-known XML-based pilot and prototype projects undertaken by libraries around the world. Some of the projects included are: Stanford's XMLMARC conversion, Oregon State's use of XML in interlibrary loaning, e-books (California Digital Library) and electronic scholarly publishing (University of Michigan), the Washington Research Library Consortium's XML-based Web Services, and using TEI Lite to support indexing (Halton Hills Public Library). Of the 13 projects presented, nine are sited in academe, three are state library endeavors, and one is an American public library initiative. The projects are gathered into sections grouped by seven library applications: the use of XML in library catalog records, interlibrary loan, cataloging and indexing, collection building, databases, data migration, and systems interoperability. Each project is introduced with a few paragraphs of background information. The project reports-averaging about 13 pages each-include project goals and justification, project description, challenges and lessons learned (successes and failures), future plans, implications of the work, contact information for individual(s) responsible for the project, and relevant Web links and resources. The clear strengths of this collection are in the details and the consistency of presentation. The concise project write-ups flow well and encourage interested readers to follow-up via personal contacts and URLs. The sole weakness is the price. XML in Libraries will excite and inspire institutions and organizations with technically adept staff resources and visionary leaders. Erik Ray has written a how-to book. Unlike most, Learning XML is not aimed at the professional programming community. The intended audience is readers familiar with a structured markup (HTML, TEX, etc.) and Web concepts (hypertext links, data representation). In the first six chapters, Ray introduces XMUs main concepts and tools for writing, viewing, testing, and transforming XML (chapter 1), describes basic syntax (chapter 2), discusses linking with XLink and XPointer (chapter 3), introduces Cascading Style Sheets for use with XML (chapter 4), explains document type definitions (DTDs) and schemas (chapter 5), and covers XSLT stylesheets and XPath (chapter 6). Chapter 7 introduces Unicode, internationalization and language support, including CSS and XSLT encoding. Chapter 8 is an overview of writing software for processing XML, and includes the Perl code for an XML syntax checker. This work is written very accessibly for nonprogrammers. Writers, designers, and students just starting to acquire Web technology skills will find Ray's style approachable. Concepts are introduced in a logical flow, and explained clearly. Code samples (130+), illustrations and screen shots (50+), and numerous tables are distributed throughout the text. Ray uses a modified DocBook DTD and a checkbook example throughout, introducing concepts in early chapters and adding new concepts to them. Readers become familiar with the code and its evolution through repeated exposure. The code for converting the "barebones DocBook" DTD (10 pages of code) to HTML via XSLT stylesheet occupies 19 pages. Both code examples allow the learner to sec an accumulation of snippets incorporated into a sensible whole. While experienced programmers might not need this type of support, nonprogrammers certainly do. Using the checkbook example is an inspired choice: Most of us are familiar with personal checking, even if few of us world build an XML application for it. Learning XML is an excellent textbook. I've used it for several years as a recommended text for adult continuing education courses and workshops."