Search (138 results, page 1 of 7)

  • × theme_ss:"Semantische Interoperabilität"
  1. Haslhofer, B.: Uniform SPARQL access to interlinked (digital library) sources (2007) 0.12 
    0.124441884 = product of:
  0.18666282 = sum of:
    0.09974072 = weight(_text_:digital in 541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09974072 = score(doc=541,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.493069 = fieldWeight in 541, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=541)
    0.086922094 = sum of:
      0.031337794 = weight(_text_:library in 541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.031337794 = score(doc=541,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.23240642 = fieldWeight in 541, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=541)
      0.055584304 = weight(_text_:22 in 541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.055584304 = score(doc=541,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 541, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=541)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    In this presentation, we therefore focus on a solution for providing uniform access to Digital Libraries and other online services. In order to enable uniform query access to heterogeneous sources, we must provide metadata interoperability in a way that a query language - in this case SPARQL - can cope with the incompatibility of the metadata in various sources without changing their already existing information models.
    Date
    26.12.2011 13:22:46
  2. Mayr, P.; Petras, V.: Building a Terminology Network for Search : the KoMoHe project (2008) 0.09 
    0.09184551 = product of:
  0.13776827 = sum of:
    0.061711423 = weight(_text_:digital in 2618) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.061711423 = score(doc=2618,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.30507088 = fieldWeight in 2618, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2618)
    0.07605684 = sum of:
      0.02742057 = weight(_text_:library in 2618) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.02742057 = score(doc=2618,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.20335563 = fieldWeight in 2618, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2618)
      0.048636265 = weight(_text_:22 in 2618) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.048636265 = score(doc=2618,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 2618, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2618)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    The paper reports about results on the GESIS-IZ project "Competence Center Modeling and Treatment of Semantic Heterogeneity" (KoMoHe). KoMoHe supervised a terminology mapping effort, in which 'cross-concordances' between major controlled vocabularies were organized, created and managed. In this paper we describe the establishment and implementation of crossconcordances for search in a digital library (DL).
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
  3. Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2012) 0.09 
    0.090236604 = product of:
  0.1353549 = sum of:
    0.05289551 = weight(_text_:digital in 1967) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05289551 = score(doc=1967,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.26148933 = fieldWeight in 1967, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1967)
    0.082459405 = sum of:
      0.023503343 = weight(_text_:library in 1967) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.023503343 = score(doc=1967,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.17430481 = fieldWeight in 1967, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1967)
      0.05895606 = weight(_text_:22 in 1967) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.05895606 = score(doc=1967,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.32829654 = fieldWeight in 1967, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1967)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    This paper reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The paper discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and /or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the DDC (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
    Source
    Beyond libraries - subject metadata in the digital environment and semantic web. IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn
  4. Marcondes, C.H.: Towards a vocabulary to implement culturally relevant relationships between digital collections in heritage institutions (2020) 0.08 
    0.077290036 = product of:
  0.11593505 = sum of:
    0.09856495 = weight(_text_:digital in 5757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.09856495 = score(doc=5757,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.4872566 = fieldWeight in 5757, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5757)
    0.017370095 = product of:
      0.03474019 = sum of:
        0.03474019 = weight(_text_:22 in 5757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03474019 = score(doc=5757,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 5757, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5757)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Cultural heritage institutions are publishing their digital collections over the web as LOD. This is is a new step in the patrimonialization and curatorial processes developed by such institutions. Many of these collections are thematically superimposed and complementary. Frequently, objects in these collections present culturally relevant relationships, such as a book about a painting, or a draft or sketch of a famous painting, etc. LOD technology enables such heritage records to be interlinked, achieving interoperability and adding value to digital collections, thus empowering heritage institutions. An aim of this research is characterizing such culturally relevant relationships and organizing them in a vocabulary. Use cases or examples of relationships between objects suggested by curators or mentioned in literature and in the conceptual models as FRBR/LRM, CIDOC CRM and RiC-CM, were collected and used as examples or inspiration of cultural relevant relationships. Relationships identified are collated and compared for identifying those with the same or similar meaning, synthesized and normalized. A set of thirty-three culturally relevant relationships are identified and formalized as a LOD property vocabulary to be used by digital curators to interlink digital collections. The results presented are provisional and a starting point to be discussed, tested, and enhanced.
    Date
    4. 3.2020 14:22:41
  5. Mitchell, J.S.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Modeling classification systems in multicultural and multilingual contexts (2014) 0.08 
    0.075197175 = product of:
  0.112795755 = sum of:
    0.044079587 = weight(_text_:digital in 1962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.044079587 = score(doc=1962,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.21790776 = fieldWeight in 1962, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1962)
    0.06871617 = sum of:
      0.01958612 = weight(_text_:library in 1962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.01958612 = score(doc=1962,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.14525402 = fieldWeight in 1962, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1962)
      0.04913005 = weight(_text_:22 in 1962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04913005 = score(doc=1962,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.27358043 = fieldWeight in 1962, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1962)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    This article reports on the second part of an initiative of the authors on researching classification systems with the conceptual model defined by the Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) final report. In an earlier study, the authors explored whether the FRSAD conceptual model could be extended beyond subject authority data to model classification data. The focus of the current study is to determine if classification data modeled using FRSAD can be used to solve real-world discovery problems in multicultural and multilingual contexts. The article discusses the relationships between entities (same type or different types) in the context of classification systems that involve multiple translations and/or multicultural implementations. Results of two case studies are presented in detail: (a) two instances of the Dewey Decimal Classification [DDC] (DDC 22 in English, and the Swedish-English mixed translation of DDC 22), and (b) Chinese Library Classification. The use cases of conceptual models in practice are also discussed.
    Footnote
    Contribution in a special issue "Beyond libraries: Subject metadata in the digital environment and Semantic Web" - Enthält Beiträge der gleichnamigen IFLA Satellite Post-Conference, 17-18 August 2012, Tallinn.
  6. Candela, G.: ¬An automatic data quality approach to assess semantic data from cultural heritage institutions (2023) 0.07 
    0.07439418 = product of:
  0.111591265 = sum of:
    0.087273136 = weight(_text_:digital in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.087273136 = score(doc=997,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.43143538 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
    0.024318133 = product of:
      0.048636265 = sum of:
        0.048636265 = weight(_text_:22 in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.048636265 = score(doc=997,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    In recent years, cultural heritage institutions have been exploring the benefits of applying Linked Open Data to their catalogs and digital materials. Innovative and creative methods have emerged to publish and reuse digital contents to promote computational access, such as the concepts of Labs and Collections as Data. Data quality has become a requirement for researchers and training methods based on artificial intelligence and machine learning. This article explores how the quality of Linked Open Data made available by cultural heritage institutions can be automatically assessed. The results obtained can be useful for other institutions who wish to publish and assess their collections.
    Date
    22. 6.2023 18:23:31
  7. Gracy, K.F.; Zeng, M.L.; Skirvin, L.: Exploring methods to improve access to Music resources by aligning library Data with Linked Data : a report of methodologies and preliminary findings (2013) 0.07 
    0.071582764 = product of:
  0.10737415 = sum of:
    0.03526367 = weight(_text_:digital in 1096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03526367 = score(doc=1096,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.17432621 = fieldWeight in 1096, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1096)
    0.07211048 = sum of:
      0.04431833 = weight(_text_:library in 1096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.04431833 = score(doc=1096,freq=16.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.32867232 = fieldWeight in 1096, product of:
            4.0 = tf(freq=16.0), with freq of:
              16.0 = termFreq=16.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1096)
      0.027792152 = weight(_text_:22 in 1096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.027792152 = score(doc=1096,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 1096, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1096)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    As a part of a research project aiming to connect library data to the unfamiliar data sets available in the Linked Data (LD) community's CKAN Data Hub (thedatahub.org), this project collected, analyzed, and mapped properties used in describing and accessing music recordings, scores, and music-related information used by selected music LD data sets, library catalogs, and various digital collections created by libraries and other cultural institutions. This article reviews current efforts to connect music data through the Semantic Web, with an emphasis on the Music Ontology (MO) and ontology alignment approaches; it also presents a framework for understanding the life cycle of a musical work, focusing on the central activities of composition, performance, and use. The project studied metadata structures and properties of 11 music-related LD data sets and mapped them to the descriptions commonly used in the library cataloging records for sound recordings and musical scores (including MARC records and their extended schema.org markup), and records from 20 collections of digitized music recordings and scores (featuring a variety of metadata structures). The analysis resulted in a set of crosswalks and a unified crosswalk that aligns these properties. The paper reports on detailed methodologies used and discusses research findings and issues. Topics of particular concern include (a) the challenges of mapping between the overgeneralized descriptions found in library data and the specialized, music-oriented properties present in the LD data sets; (b) the hidden information and access points in library data; and (c) the potential benefits of enriching library data through the mapping of properties found in library catalogs to similar properties used by LD data sets.
    Date
    28.10.2013 17:22:17
  8. Krause, J.: Semantic heterogeneity : comparing new semantic web approaches with those of digital libraries (2008) 0.07 
    0.07008084 = product of:
  0.105121255 = sum of:
    0.088159174 = weight(_text_:digital in 1908) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.088159174 = score(doc=1908,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.4358155 = fieldWeight in 1908, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1908)
    0.01696208 = product of:
      0.03392416 = sum of:
        0.03392416 = weight(_text_:library in 1908) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03392416 = score(doc=1908,freq=6.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.25158736 = fieldWeight in 1908, product of:
              2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                6.0 = termFreq=6.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1908)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Purpose - To demonstrate that newer developments in the semantic web community, particularly those based on ontologies (simple knowledge organization system and others) mitigate common arguments from the digital library (DL) community against participation in the Semantic web. Design/methodology/approach - The approach is a semantic web discussion focusing on the weak structure of the Web and the lack of consideration given to the semantic content during indexing. Findings - The points criticised by the semantic web and ontology approaches are the same as those of the DL "Shell model approach" from the mid-1990s, with emphasis on the centrality of its heterogeneity components (used, for example, in vascoda). The Shell model argument began with the "invisible web", necessitating the restructuring of DL approaches. The conclusion is that both approaches fit well together and that the Shell model, with its semantic heterogeneity components, can be reformulated on the semantic web basis. Practical implications - A reinterpretation of the DL approaches of semantic heterogeneity and adapting to standards and tools supported by the W3C should be the best solution. It is therefore recommended that - although most of the semantic web standards are not technologically refined for commercial applications at present - all individual DL developments should be checked for their adaptability to the W3C standards of the semantic web. Originality/value - A unique conceptual analysis of the parallel developments emanating from the digital library and semantic web communities.
    Footnote
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Digital libraries and the semantic web: context, applications and research".
    Source
    Library review. 57(2008) no.3, S.235 - 248
  9. Woldering, B.: ¬Die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek nimmt Gestalt an (2007) 0.07 
    0.06654778 = product of:
  0.09982167 = sum of:
    0.04987036 = weight(_text_:digital in 2439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.04987036 = score(doc=2439,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.2465345 = fieldWeight in 2439, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2439)
    0.049951315 = sum of:
      0.022159165 = weight(_text_:library in 2439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.022159165 = score(doc=2439,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.16433616 = fieldWeight in 2439, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2439)
      0.027792152 = weight(_text_:22 in 2439) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.027792152 = score(doc=2439,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 2439, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2439)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Der Aufbau der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek wurde im Herbst 2007 auf soliden Grund gestellt: Mit der European Digital Library Foundation steht eine geschäftsfähige Organisation als Trägerin der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek zur Verfügung. Sie fungiert zunächst als Steuerungsgremium für das EU-finanzierte Projekt EDLnet und übernimmt sukzessive die Aufgaben, die für den Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung der Europäischen Digitalen Bibliothek notwendig sind. Die Gründungsmitglieder sind zehn europäische Dachorganisationen aus den Bereichen Bibliothek, Archiv, audiovisuelle Sammlungen und Museen. Vorstandsmitglieder sind die Vorsitzende Elisabeth Niggemann (CENL) die Vize-Vorsitzende Martine de Boisdeffre (EURBICA), der Schatzmeister Edwin van Huis (FIAT) sowie Wim van Drimmelen, der Generaldirektor der Koninklijke Bibliotheek, der Nationalbibliothek der Niederlande, welche die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek hostet. Der Prototyp für die Europäische Digitale Bibliothek wird im Rahmen des EDLnet-Projekts entwickelt. Die erste Version des Prototyps wurde auf der internationalen Konferenz »One more step towards the European Digital Library« vorgestellt, die am 31. Januar und 1. Februar 2008 in der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) in Frankfurt am Main stattfand. Die endgültige Version des Prototyps wird im November 2008 von der EU-Kommissarin für Informationsgesellschaft und Medien, Viviane Reding, in Paris vorgestellt werden. Dieser Prototyp wird direkten Zugang zu mindestens zwei Mio. digitalisierten Büchern, Fotografien, Karten, Tonaufzeichnungen, Filmaufnahmen und Archivalien aus Bibliotheken, Archiven, audiovisuellen Sammlungen und Museen Europas bieten.
    Date
    22. 2.2009 19:10:56
  10. Zeng, M.L.; Chan, L.M.: Semantic interoperability (2009) 0.06 
    0.05746416 = product of:
  0.08619624 = sum of:
    0.07052734 = weight(_text_:digital in 3738) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.07052734 = score(doc=3738,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.34865242 = fieldWeight in 3738, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3738)
    0.015668897 = product of:
      0.031337794 = sum of:
        0.031337794 = weight(_text_:library in 3738) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.031337794 = score(doc=3738,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.23240642 = fieldWeight in 3738, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3738)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Content
    Digital unter: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/E-ELIS3-120043711. Vgl.: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3.
    Source
    Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
  11. Mayr, P.; Mutschke, P.; Petras, V.: Reducing semantic complexity in distributed digital libraries : Treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking (2008) 0.06 
    0.057427432 = product of:
  0.08614115 = sum of:
    0.07634809 = weight(_text_:digital in 1909) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.07634809 = score(doc=1909,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.37742734 = fieldWeight in 1909, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1909)
    0.00979306 = product of:
      0.01958612 = sum of:
        0.01958612 = weight(_text_:library in 1909) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.01958612 = score(doc=1909,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.14525402 = fieldWeight in 1909, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1909)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Purpose - The general science portal "vascoda" merges structured, high-quality information collections from more than 40 providers on the basis of search engine technology (FAST) and a concept which treats semantic heterogeneity between different controlled vocabularies. First experiences with the portal show some weaknesses of this approach which come out in most metadata-driven Digital Libraries (DLs) or subject specific portals. The purpose of the paper is to propose models to reduce the semantic complexity in heterogeneous DLs. The aim is to introduce value-added services (treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking) that gain a certain quality in DLs if they are combined with heterogeneity components established in the project "Competence Center Modeling and Treatment of Semantic Heterogeneity". Design/methodology/approach - Two methods, which are derived from scientometrics and network analysis, will be implemented with the objective to re-rank result sets by the following structural properties: the ranking of the results by core journals (so-called Bradfordizing) and ranking by centrality of authors in co-authorship networks. Findings - The methods, which will be implemented, focus on the query and on the result side of a search and are designed to positively influence each other. Conceptually, they will improve the search quality and guarantee that the most relevant documents in result sets will be ranked higher. Originality/value - The central impact of the paper focuses on the integration of three structural value-adding methods, which aim at reducing the semantic complexity represented in distributed DLs at several stages in the information retrieval process: query construction, search and ranking and re-ranking.
    Footnote
    Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Digital libraries and the semantic web: context, applications and research".
    Source
    Library review. 57(2008) no.3, S.213-224
  12. Metadata and semantics research : 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings (2016) 0.06 
    0.057353042 = product of:
  0.08602956 = sum of:
    0.061711423 = weight(_text_:digital in 3283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.061711423 = score(doc=3283,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.30507088 = fieldWeight in 3283, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3283)
    0.024318133 = product of:
      0.048636265 = sum of:
        0.048636265 = weight(_text_:22 in 3283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.048636265 = score(doc=3283,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 3283, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3283)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th Metadata and Semantics Research Conference, MTSR 2016, held in Göttingen, Germany, in November 2016. The 26 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. The papers are organized in several sessions and tracks: Digital Libraries, Information Retrieval, Linked and Social Data, Metadata and Semantics for Open Repositories, Research Information Systems and Data Infrastructures, Metadata and Semantics for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Metadata and Semantics for Cultural Collections and Applications, European and National Projects.
  13. Gabler, S.: Vergabe von DDC-Sachgruppen mittels eines Schlagwort-Thesaurus (2021) 0.05 
    0.05448289 = product of:
  0.08172433 = sum of:
    0.06787485 = product of:
      0.20362455 = sum of:
        0.20362455 = weight(_text_:3a in 1000) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.20362455 = score(doc=1000,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.43477154 = queryWeight, product of:
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 1000, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1000)
      0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    0.013849478 = product of:
      0.027698956 = sum of:
        0.027698956 = weight(_text_:library in 1000) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.027698956 = score(doc=1000,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.2054202 = fieldWeight in 1000, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1000)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Content
    Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.
    Imprint
    Wien / Library and Information Studies : Universität
  14. McCulloch, E.: Multiple terminologies : an obstacle to information retrieval (2004) 0.05 
    0.05406713 = product of:
  0.081100695 = sum of:
    0.061711423 = weight(_text_:digital in 2798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.061711423 = score(doc=2798,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.30507088 = fieldWeight in 2798, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2798)
    0.01938927 = product of:
      0.03877854 = sum of:
        0.03877854 = weight(_text_:library in 2798) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.03877854 = score(doc=2798,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.28758827 = fieldWeight in 2798, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2798)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    An issue currently at the forefront of digital library research is the prevalence of disparate terminologies and the associated limitations imposed on user searching. It is thought that semantic interoperability is achievable by improving the compatibility between terminologies and classification schemes, enabling users to search multiple resources simultaneously and improve retrieval effectiveness through the use of associated terms drawn from several schemes. This column considers the terminology issue before outlining various proposed methods of tackling it, with a particular focus on terminology mapping.
    Source
    Library review. 53(2004) no.6, S.297-300
  15. Dini, L.: CACAO : multilingual access to bibliographic records (2007) 0.05 
    0.049951315 = product of:
  0.14985394 = sum of:
    0.14985394 = sum of:
      0.0664775 = weight(_text_:library in 126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.0664775 = score(doc=126,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.4930085 = fieldWeight in 126, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=126)
      0.08337645 = weight(_text_:22 in 126) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.08337645 = score(doc=126,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 126, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=126)
  0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
  16. Golub, K.; Tudhope, D.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems : functionality, use, and attributes (2014) 0.05 
    0.049159747 = product of:
  0.07373962 = sum of:
    0.05289551 = weight(_text_:digital in 1347) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05289551 = score(doc=1347,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.26148933 = fieldWeight in 1347, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1347)
    0.020844113 = product of:
      0.041688226 = sum of:
        0.041688226 = weight(_text_:22 in 1347) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.041688226 = score(doc=1347,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 1347, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1347)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Terminology registries (TRs) are a crucial element of the infrastructure required for resource discovery services, digital libraries, Linked Data, and semantic interoperability generally. They can make the content of knowledge organization systems (KOS) available both for human and machine access. The paper describes the attributes and functionality for a TR, based on a review of published literature, existing TRs, and a survey of experts. A domain model based on user tasks is constructed and a set of core metadata elements for use in TRs is proposed. Ideally, the TR should allow searching as well as browsing for a KOS, matching a user's search while also providing information about existing terminology services, accessible to both humans and machines. The issues surrounding metadata for KOS are also discussed, together with the rationale for different aspects and the importance of a core set of KOS metadata for future machine-based access; a possible core set of metadata elements is proposed. This is dealt with in terms of practical experience and in relation to the Dublin Core Application Profile.
    Date
    22. 8.2014 17:12:54
  17. Hook, P.A.; Gantchev, A.: Using combined metadata sources to visualize a small library (OBL's English Language Books) (2017) 0.04 
    0.043985024 = product of:
  0.065977536 = sum of:
    0.044079587 = weight(_text_:digital in 3870) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.044079587 = score(doc=3870,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.21790776 = fieldWeight in 3870, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3870)
    0.02189795 = product of:
      0.0437959 = sum of:
        0.0437959 = weight(_text_:library in 3870) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.0437959 = score(doc=3870,freq=10.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.32479787 = fieldWeight in 3870, product of:
              3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                10.0 = termFreq=10.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3870)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    Data from multiple knowledge organization systems are combined to provide a global overview of the content holdings of a small personal library. Subject headings and classification data are used to effectively map the combined book and topic space of the library. While harvested and manipulated by hand, the work reveals issues and potential solutions when using automated techniques to produce topic maps of much larger libraries. The small library visualized consists of the thirty-nine, digital, English language books found in the Osama Bin Laden (OBL) compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan upon his death. As this list of books has garnered considerable media attention, it is worth providing a visual overview of the subject content of these books - some of which is not readily apparent from the titles. Metadata from subject headings and classification numbers was combined to create book-subject maps. Tree maps of the classification data were also produced. The books contain 328 subject headings. In order to enhance the base map with meaningful thematic overlay, library holding count data was also harvested (and aggregated from duplicates). This additional data revealed the relative scarcity or popularity of individual books.
  18. Vizine-Goetz, D.; Hickey, C.; Houghton, A.; Thompson, R.: Vocabulary mapping for terminology services (2004) 0.04 
    0.043098122 = product of:
  0.06464718 = sum of:
    0.05289551 = weight(_text_:digital in 918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05289551 = score(doc=918,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.26148933 = fieldWeight in 918, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=918)
    0.011751671 = product of:
      0.023503343 = sum of:
        0.023503343 = weight(_text_:library in 918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.023503343 = score(doc=918,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.17430481 = fieldWeight in 918, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=918)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    The paper describes a project to add value to controlled vocabularies by making inter-vocabulary associations. A methodology for mapping terms from one vocabulary to another is presented in the form of a case study applying the approach to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Thesaurus and the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Our approach to mapping involves encoding vocabularies according to Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards, machine matching of vocabulary terms, and categorizing candidate mappings by likelihood of valid mapping. Mapping data is then stored as machine links. Vocabularies with associations to other schemes will be a key component of Web-based terminology services. The paper briefly describes how the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is used to provide access to a vocabulary with mappings.
    Footnote
    Teil eines Themenheftes von: Journal of digital information. 4(2004) no.4.
  19. Landry, P.: MACS: multilingual access to subject and link management : Extending the Multilingual Capacity of TEL in the EDL Project (2007) 0.04 
    0.0416261 = product of:
  0.124878295 = sum of:
    0.124878295 = sum of:
      0.055397913 = weight(_text_:library in 1287) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.055397913 = score(doc=1287,freq=4.0), product of:
          0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.4108404 = fieldWeight in 1287, product of:
            2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
              4.0 = termFreq=4.0
            2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1287)
      0.06948038 = weight(_text_:22 in 1287) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        0.06948038 = score(doc=1287,freq=2.0), product of:
          0.17958173 = queryWeight, product of:
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.051282257 = queryNorm
          0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 1287, product of:
            1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
              2.0 = termFreq=2.0
            3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
            0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1287)
  0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich des Workshops: "Extending the multilingual capacity of The European Library in the EDL project Stockholm, Swedish National Library, 22-23 November 2007".
  20. Angjeli, A.; Isaac, A.: Semantic web and vocabularies interoperability : an experiment with illuminations collections (2008) 0.04 
    0.0406333 = product of:
  0.060949944 = sum of:
    0.04987036 = weight(_text_:digital in 2324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.04987036 = score(doc=2324,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.20228553 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.051282257 = queryNorm
        0.2465345 = fieldWeight in 2324, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.944552 = idf(docFreq=2326, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2324)
    0.011079582 = product of:
      0.022159165 = sum of:
        0.022159165 = weight(_text_:library in 2324) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.022159165 = score(doc=2324,freq=4.0), product of:
            0.13484047 = queryWeight, product of:
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.051282257 = queryNorm
            0.16433616 = fieldWeight in 2324, product of:
              2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                4.0 = termFreq=4.0
              2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=2324)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
    Abstract
    During the years 2006 and 2007, the BnF has collaborated with the National Library of the Netherlands within the framework of the Dutch project STITCH. This project, through concrete experiments, investigates semantic interoperability, especially in relation to searching. How can we conduct semantic searches across several digital heritage collections? The metadata related to content analysis are often heterogeneous. Beyond using manual mapping of semantically similar entities, STITCH explores the techniques of the semantic web, particularly ontology mapping. This paper is about an experiment made on two digital iconographic collections: Mandragore, iconographic database of the Manuscript Department of the BnF, and the Medieval Illuminated manuscripts collection of the KB. While the content of these two collections is similar, they have been processed differently and the vocabularies used to index their content is very different. Vocabularies in Mandragore and Iconclass are both controlled and hierarchical but they do not have the same semantic and structure. This difference is of particular interest to the STITCH project, as it aims to study automatic alignment of two vocabularies. The collaborative experiment started with a precise analysis of each of the vocabularies; that included concepts and their representation, lexical properties of the terms used, semantic relationships, etc. The team of Dutch researchers then studied and implemented mechanisms of alignment of the two vocabularies. The initial models being different, there had to be a common standard in order to enable procedures of alignment. RDF and SKOS were selected for that. The experiment lead to building a prototype that allows for querying in both databases at the same time through a single interface. The descriptors of each vocabulary are used as search terms for all images regardless of the collection they belong to. This experiment is only one step in the search for solutions that aim at making navigation easier between heritage collections that have heterogeneous metadata.
    Content
    Beitrag während: World library and information congress: 74th IFLA general conference and council, 10-14 August 2008, Québec, Canada.

Authors

Years

Languages

  • e 118
  • d 19

Types

  • a 90
  • el 49
  • m 9
  • s 6
  • r 3
  • x 3
  • p 2
  • n 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications