Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Electronic library 16(1998) no.5, S.342-343 (B. Loughridge)

Imprint

London : Library Association

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Abstract

Discusses the nature of reference work and the role of reference librarians in digital libraries where many users serve themselves by means of the Bath ISI Data Service (BIDS) and other free-at-point-of-use information services which emulate the Bath service (MIDAS, EDINA). Considers how the concept of the 'reference desk' can be defined where points of presence for both users and librarians are distributed. Reports results of research, undertaken in Edinburgh, Scotland, to explore these issues in the context of the enhanced regional communications available through EaStMAN (Edinburgh and Stirling Metropolitan Area Network). The project involved the BIOSIS Abstracts service hosted by the EDINA consortium and linked 3 university libraries (Edinburgh University, Heriot-Watt University and Napier University). Investigated the experiences of users and the work patterns of librarians and related these to the design rationale of a prototype WWW based network reference consultation support system. Focused on types of user problems end expert responses across various media and genres of interaction. The pilot service is schedules to start in Autumn 1997 and a future report of its use is planned

Source

Electronic library. 15(1997) no.4, S.271-278

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Abstract

Communities of practice have been identified as sites where knowledge is created in organisations. The author reviews studies of situated learning and situated action and suggests that these two activities may characterise the learning process in communities of practice where they are supported by a distinctive 'social' infrastructure. She analyses recent fieldwork in three online communities (a digital library reference service, a virtual enterprise and an online shopping group) to discover to what extent they may be described as communities of practice, and to establish how they support participants' learning.

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Date

31. 7.2001 20:22:57

Source

Journal of education for library and information science. 41(2000) no.?, S.294-306

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Abstract

The paper explores the proposition that documentary genres implicitly order organizational activity; analysis of their role as tacit sorting devices can improve understanding of documentation and organizational practice. The author reviews recent work an communities of practice in organizations and discusses historical work an documentary genres and their role in capturing local or tacit knowledge. More recent work an documentary genres in the digital workplace is then addressed, and the place of the politics of classification in the construction of genres is discussed. The author analyzes case studies of new technology and changes in practice in a number of contexts, including recent work an documentary genres in a small enterprise in the Scottish food and beverage sector. In this company, evolving documentary genres have allowed a recently automated sales team to adapt to a new order imposed by changes in external circumstances and the procurement of new technology. The paper concludes with a review of recent work an visualization of social interactions and its possible role in the rapid provision of templates for documentary genres in different domains. The author speculates that representations (by visualization or other means) of documentary genres in organizational settings may serve as "thumbprints" of groups at work that may provide rapid insight into the nature of work in a given domain. Such insight may be important in distributed cognition, where ad hoc project teams work online and at a distance from each other in the "temporary organizations" that characterize work in many domains.

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Abstract

Knowledge management is discussed in the context of "articulation" work, that is routine interactions in groups of local practice. In such situations, knowledge is largely acquired and maintained by learning from the appropriate behavior of others by means of "organizational ethology." This phenomenon is described as "mundane knowledge management." The concepts of mundane knowledge management and organizational ethnology are explored in a case study of a project to promote virtual enterprise formation. Evaluation of the project prototype, a platform for online cooperative work, suggests that unless design provides adequate social and technical cues for the work to hand, the mundane knowledge that sustains cooperative work may be compromised by ethological breakdown.

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Abstract

Reports results of a study to investigate the place and role of citation analysis in selected disciplines in the social sciences, including library and information science. 5 core library and information science periodicals: Journal of documentation; Library quarterly; Journal of the American Society for Information Science; College and research libraries; and the Journal of information science, were studed to determine the percentage of articles devoted to citation analysis and develop an indictive typology to categorize the major foci of research being conducted under the rubric of citation analysis. Similar analysis was conducted for periodicals in other social sciences disciplines. Demonstrates how the rubric can be used to dertermine how citatiion analysis is applied within library and information science and other disciplines. By isolating citation from bibliometrics in general, this work is differentiated from other, previous studies. Analysis of data from a 10 year sample of transdisciplinary social sciences literature suggests that 2 application areas predominate: the validity of citation as an evaluation tool; and impact or performance studies of authors, periodicals, and institutions

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Abstract

The authors describe a study of the social dynamics of new media in Scottish households. The evolving project drew on dialogues with multiple household members elicited in group conversations. This approach to interviews captured different and conflicting points of view, a feature shared with certain social approaches to systems design. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that there are recurrent narratives and behavioral genres across households (and across sample groups), and that these reflect tactics, stratagems, and plans by means of which respondents navigate social space. The authors' approach contrasts with prevailing "needs and uses" models in information science, in offering a methodological framework based on group narrative and genre analysis that contributes to a theory of social informatics in the household

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Abstract

The authors propose a system for organizing situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate conduct, in workplaces that rely on web-based interaction. The conceptual framework that underlies the system is based on five propositions. First, recurrent and routine practice in organizations is articulated in, and co-evolves with distinct documentary forms, or genres. Second, the presence of sets of documentary genres in a group or other form of organization is indicative of activities that characterize such organization. Third, such indexicality may be observed at different levels of organization (the project, the unit, the firm), and clusters of genres at different levels of aggregation may provide profiles of activities at those different levels. Fourth, a notation (such as XML) which captures the 'shape' of documents may be used to model flexible documentary 'compounds' that capture situational knowledge, or knowledge of appropriate activity in an organization. Fifth, such encodings may be used compare organizations and sort them on the basis of their genre and activity profiles; visualization may accelerate the sorting process. An activity classifying system that integrates these proposals might improve organizational experience in a number of evaluative contexts (like benchmarking, team formation, or merger)

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Abstract

The Household Information Systems (HIS) project in Queen Margaret College was funded to explore the use of new media in a group of Edinburgh households (Davenport & Higgins, 1995). One of the motivations of the HIS 'programme' was to find a suitable theoretical and/or exploratory framework, which takes account of multiple aspects of behaviour surrounding technologies, and thus avoids assumptions about their role in information-seeking or other isolated activities. A focus on single activities would occlude knowledge of other motivations: bonding, killing time, defining boundaries. In Phase One, `information management' rather than `information seeking' was used as a conceptual framework, embracing work on the `life cycle' of ICTs as illustrated by Kopytoffs `biography of things' approach (1986), Johnson's cultural circuit (1986), research on households as micro-organisations by McCrone and his colleagues (1994), and work by Silverstone and others on ICTs in the home as tools for internal and external adaptation (Silverstone, 1994, Silverstone et al 1994). The `management' framework has been productive - Phase One allowed us to identify patterns of ICT acquisition and deployment in the home, and, more interestingly, structures of appropriation which reflect rules, roles and responsibilities in individual households. These constitute what may be called a `reproduction lattice' (adapting terminology used by Kling (1987) in his analysis of the `web of computing' in organisations), a structure which captures the political and cultural economy of a household. Phase One's findings are consistent with those of other researchers working in the area of domestic consumption of ICTs but a major limitation of the work is the homogeneous nature of the respondents. Among our Edinburgh 'household managers', internal culture was a more compelling explanation for use than technical functionality.