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  • × author_ss:"Tudhope, D."
  1. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Improving interoperability using vocabulary linked data (2015) 0.06 
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    Abstract
    The concept of Linked Data has been an emerging theme within the computing and digital heritage areas in recent years. The growth and scale of Linked Data has underlined the need for greater commonality in concept referencing, to avoid local redefinition and duplication of reference resources. Achieving domain-wide agreement on common vocabularies would be an unreasonable expectation; however, datasets often already have local vocabulary resources defined, and so the prospects for large-scale interoperability can be substantially improved by creating alignment links from these local vocabularies out to common external reference resources. The ARIADNE project is undertaking large-scale integration of archaeology dataset metadata records, to create a cross-searchable research repository resource. Key to enabling this cross search will be the 'subject' metadata originating from multiple data providers, containing terms from multiple multilingual controlled vocabularies. This paper discusses various aspects of vocabulary mapping. Experience from the previous SENESCHAL project in the publication of controlled vocabularies as Linked Open Data is discussed, emphasizing the importance of unique URI identifiers for vocabulary concepts. There is a need to align legacy indexing data to the uniquely defined concepts and examples are discussed of SENESCHAL data alignment work. A case study for the ARIADNE project presents work on mapping between vocabularies, based on the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus as a central hub and employing an interactive vocabulary mapping tool developed for the project, which generates SKOS mapping relationships in JSON and other formats. The potential use of such vocabulary mappings to assist cross search over archaeological datasets from different countries is illustrated in a pilot experiment. The results demonstrate the enhanced opportunities for interoperability and cross searching that the approach offers.
    Source
    International journal on digital libraries. 2015, S.1-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00799-015-0166-y
  2. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.: Compound descriptors in context : a matching function for classifications and thesauri (2002) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    There are many advantages for Digital Libraries in indexing with classifications or thesauri, but some current disincentive in the lack of flexible retrieval tools that deal with compound descriptors. This paper discusses a matching function for compound descriptors, or multi-concept subject headings, that does not rely an exact matching but incorporates term expansion via thesaurus semantic relationships to produce ranked results that take account of missing and partially matching terms. The matching function is based an a measure of semantic closeness between terms, which has the potential to help with recall problems. The work reported is part of the ongoing FACET project in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry and its collections database. The architecture of the prototype system and its Interface are outlined. The matching problem for compound descriptors is reviewed and the FACET implementation described. Results are discussed from scenarios using the faceted Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus. We argue that automatic traversal of thesaurus relationships can augment the user's browsing possibilities. The techniques can be applied both to unstructured multi-concept subject headings and potentially to more syntactically structured strings. The notion of a focus term is used by the matching function to model AAT modified descriptors (noun phrases). The relevance of the approach to precoordinated indexing and matching faceted strings is discussed.
    Source
    Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries : JCDL 2002 ; July 14 - 18, 2002, Portland, Oregon, USA. Ed. by Gary Marchionini
  3. Khoo, M.J.; Ahn, J.-w.; Binding, C.; Jones, H.J.; Lin, X.; Massam, D.; Tudhope, D.: Augmenting Dublin Core digital library metadata with Dewey Decimal Classification (2015) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe a new approach to a well-known problem for digital libraries, how to search across multiple unrelated libraries with a single query. Design/methodology/approach - The approach involves creating new Dewey Decimal Classification terms and numbers from existing Dublin Core records. In total, 263,550 records were harvested from three digital libraries. Weighted key terms were extracted from the title, description and subject fields of each record. Ranked DDC classes were automatically generated from these key terms by considering DDC hierarchies via a series of filtering and aggregation stages. A mean reciprocal ranking evaluation compared a sample of 49 generated classes against DDC classes created by a trained librarian for the same records. Findings - The best results combined weighted key terms from the title, description and subject fields. Performance declines with increased specificity of DDC level. The results compare favorably with similar studies. Research limitations/implications - The metadata harvest required manual intervention and the evaluation was resource intensive. Future research will look at evaluation methodologies that take account of issues of consistency and ecological validity. Practical implications - The method does not require training data and is easily scalable. The pipeline can be customized for individual use cases, for example, recall or precision enhancing. Social implications - The approach can provide centralized access to information from multiple domains currently provided by individual digital libraries. Originality/value - The approach addresses metadata normalization in the context of web resources. The automatic classification approach accounts for matches within hierarchies, aggregating lower level matches to broader parents and thus approximates the practices of a human cataloger.
  4. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cunliffe, D.: FACET: thesaurus retrieval with semantic term expansion (2002) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    There are many advantages for Digital Libraries in indexing with classifications or thesauri, but some current disincentive in the lack of flexible retrieval tools that deal with compound descriptors. This demonstration of a research prototype illustrates a matching function for compound descriptors, or multi-concept subject headings, that does not rely on exact matching but incorporates term expansion via thesaurus semantic relationships to produce ranked results that take account of missing and partially matching terms. The matching function is based on a measure of semantic closeness between terms.The work is part of the EPSRC funded FACET project in collaboration with the UK National Museum of Science and Industry (NMSI) which includes the National Railway Museum. An export of NMSI's Collections Database is used as the dataset for the research. The J. Paul Getty Trust's Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) is the main thesaurus in the project. The AAT is a widely used thesaurus (over 120,000 terms). Descriptors are organised in 7 facets representing separate conceptual classes of terms.The FACET application is a multi tiered architecture accessing a SQL Server database, with an OLE DB connection. The thesauri are stored as relational tables in the Server's database. However, a key component of the system is a parallel representation of the underlying semantic network as an in-memory structure of thesaurus concepts (corresponding to preferred terms). The structure models the hierarchical and associative interrelationships of thesaurus concepts via weighted poly-hierarchical links. Its primary purpose is real-time semantic expansion of query terms, achieved by a spreading activation semantic closeness algorithm. Queries with associated results are stored persistently using XML format data. A Visual Basic interface combines a thesaurus browser and an initial term search facility that takes into account equivalence relationships. Terms are dragged to a direct manipulation Query Builder which maintains the facet structure.
    Source
    Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries : JCDL 2002 ; July 14 - 18, 2002, Portland, Oregon, USA. Ed. by Gary Marchionini
  5. Golub, K.; Tudhope, D.; Zeng, M.L.; Zumer, M.: Terminology registries for knowledge organization systems : functionality, use, and attributes (2014) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Terminology registries (TRs) are a crucial element of the infrastructure required for resource discovery services, digital libraries, Linked Data, and semantic interoperability generally. They can make the content of knowledge organization systems (KOS) available both for human and machine access. The paper describes the attributes and functionality for a TR, based on a review of published literature, existing TRs, and a survey of experts. A domain model based on user tasks is constructed and a set of core metadata elements for use in TRs is proposed. Ideally, the TR should allow searching as well as browsing for a KOS, matching a user's search while also providing information about existing terminology services, accessible to both humans and machines. The issues surrounding metadata for KOS are also discussed, together with the rationale for different aspects and the importance of a core set of KOS metadata for future machine-based access; a possible core set of metadata elements is proposed. This is dealt with in terms of practical experience and in relation to the Dublin Core Application Profile.
    Date
    22. 8.2014 17:12:54
  6. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Terminology Web services (2010) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Controlled terminologies such as classification schemes, name authorities, and thesauri have long been the domain of the library and information science community. Although historically there have been initiatives towards library style classification of web resources, there remain significant problems with searching and quality judgement of online content. Terminology services can play a key role in opening up access to these valuable resources. By exposing controlled terminologies via a web service, organisations maintain data integrity and version control, whilst motivating external users to design innovative ways to present and utilise their data. We introduce terminology web services and review work in the area. We describe the approaches taken in establishing application programming interfaces (API) and discuss the comparative benefits of a dedicated terminology web service versus general purpose programming languages. We discuss experiences at Glamorgan in creating terminology web services and associated client interface components, in particular for the archaeology domain in the STAR (Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources) Project.
  7. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: KOS at your service : Programmatic access to knowledge organisation systems (2004) 0.03 
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    Footnote
    Teil eines Themenheftes von: Journal of digital information. 4(2004) no.4.
  8. Tudhope, D.: New Applications of Knowledge Organization Systems : introduction to a special issue (2004) 0.03 
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    Footnote
    Journal of digital information. 4(2004) no.4.
  9. Tudhope, D.; Nielsen, M.L.: Introduction to knowledge organization systems and services (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In a very real sense, this special issue on Knowledge Organization Systems and Services is concerned with new applications, new contexts and new twists of old themes and problems. We are concerned with diverse attempts to apply the outcomes of much work over the years in artificial subject languages and their intellectual structures to facilitate access to digital information in various settings. This issue has its origins in NKOS workshops, held over the last two years in Bath, Vienna, Madrid and Denver, although the majority of contributions resulted from an open call for papers, disseminated in October 2005. NKOS (http://nkos.slis.kent.edu/) is an informal network whose general aim is to enable knowledge organization systems (KOS) to act as networked information services (both machine-to-machine and human facing), supporting the description and retrieval of information resources on the Internet. Since 1997, there has been an NKOS workshop each year, at either the JCDL or ECDL conference (2005 saw an NKOS workshop at both conferences and also at Dublin Core). Previous NKOS-related special issues have appeared in the online Journal of Digital Information in 2001 and 2004 (Hill and Koch 2001, Tudhope and Koch 2004).
  10. Golub, K.; Moon, J.; Nielsen, M.L.; Tudhope, D.: EnTag: Enhanced Tagging for Discovery (2008) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Purpose: Investigate the combination of controlled and folksonomy approaches to support resource discovery in repositories and digital collections. Aim: Investigate whether use of an established controlled vocabulary can help improve social tagging for better resource discovery. Objectives: (1) Investigate indexing aspects when using only social tagging versus when using social tagging with suggestions from a controlled vocabulary; (2) Investigate above in two different contexts: tagging by readers and tagging by authors; (3) Investigate influence of only social tagging versus social tagging with a controlled vocabulary on retrieval. - Vgl.: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/enhanced-tagging/.
  11. Matthews, B.; Jones, C.; Puzon, B.; Moon, J.; Tudhope, D.; Golub, K.; Nielsen, M.L.: ¬An evaluation of enhancing social tagging with a knowledge organization system (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - Traditional subject indexing and classification are considered infeasible in many digital collections. This paper seeks to investigate ways of enhancing social tagging via knowledge organization systems, with a view to improving the quality of tags for increased information discovery and retrieval performance. Design/methodology/approach - Enhanced tagging interfaces were developed for exemplar online repositories, and trials were undertaken with author and reader groups to evaluate the effectiveness of tagging augmented with control vocabulary for subject indexing of papers in online repositories. Findings - The results showed that using a knowledge organisation system to augment tagging does appear to increase the effectiveness of non-specialist users (that is, without information science training) in subject indexing. Research limitations/implications - While limited by the size and scope of the trials undertaken, these results do point to the usefulness of a mixed approach in supporting the subject indexing of online resources. Originality/value - The value of this work is as a guide to future developments in the practical support for resource indexing in online repositories.
  12. Tudhope, D.; Alani, H.; Jones, C.: Augmenting thesaurus relationships : possibilities for retrieval (2001) 0.01 
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    Source
    Journal of digital information. 1(2001) no.8
  13. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Mapping between linked data vocabularies in ARIADNE (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Semantic Enrichment Enabling Sustainability of Archaeological Links (SENESCHAL) was a project coordinated by the Hypermedia Research Unit at the University of South Wales. The project aims included widening access to key vocabulary resources. National cultural heritage thesauri and vocabularies are used by both national organizations and local authority Historic Environment Records and could potentially act as vocabulary hubs for the Web of Data. Following completion, a set of prominent UK archaeological thesauri and vocabularies is now freely available as Linked Open Data (LOD) via http://www.heritagedata.org - together with open source web services and user interface controls. This presentation will reflect on work done to date for the ARIADNE FP7 infrastructure project (http://www.ariadne-infrastructure.eu) mapping between archaeological vocabularies in different languages and the utility of a hub architecture. The poly-hierarchical structure of the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) was extracted for use as an example mediating structure to interconnect various multilingual vocabularies originating from ARIADNE data providers. Vocabulary resources were first converted to a common concept-based format (SKOS) and the concepts were then manually mapped to nodes of the extracted AAT structure using some judgement on the meaning of terms and scope notes. Results are presented along with reflections on the wider application to existing European archaeological vocabularies and associated online datasets.
  14. Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
  15. Tudhope, D.; Hodge, G.: Terminology registries (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    26.12.2011 13:22:07
  16. Tudhope, D.; Taylor, C.: Navigation via similarity (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes a research project, in which similarity measures have been extended to include imprecise matching over different dimensions of structured classification schemes (subject, soace, time). The semantic similarity of information units forms the basis for the automatic construction of links and is integrated into hypermedia navigation. Outlines a semantic hypermedia architecture, and a prototype museum social history application. Presents illustrative navigation scenarios which make use of a navigation via similarity tool. The temporal mesaures of semantic closeness underpin the similarity tool. The temporal measures takes account of periods as well as time points. The most general measure is based on a traversal of a semantic net, taking into account relationship type and level of specialisation. It is based on a notion of closeness rather than absolute distance, and returns a seit of semantically close terms. Discusses a methods of calculating semantic similarity between sets of index terms, based on the maximal closeness values achieved by each term
  17. Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.: Integrating faceted structure into the search process (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The nature of search requirements is perceived to be changing, fuelled by a growing dissatisfaction with the marginal accuracy and often overwhelming quantity of results from simple keyword matching techniques. Traditional search interfaces fail to acknowledge and utilise the implicit underlying structure present within a typical keyword query. Faceted structure can (and should) perform a significant role in this area - acting as the basis for mediation between searcher and indexer, and guiding query formulation and reformulation by interactively educating the user about the native domain. This paper discusses the possible benefits of applying faceted knowledge organization systems to enhance query structure, query visualisation and the overall query process, drawing an the outcomes of a recently completed research project.
  18. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.; Blocks, D.; Cuncliffe, D.: Representation and retrieval in faceted systems (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper discusses two inter-related themes: the retrieval potential of faceted thesauri and XML representations of fundamental facets. Initial findings are discussed from the ongoing 'FACET' project, in collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Industry. The work discussed seeks to take advantage of the structure afforded by faceted systems for multi-term queries and flexible matching, focusing in this paper an the Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A multi-term matching function yields ranked results with partial matches via semantic term expansion, based an a measure of distance over the semantic index space formed by thesaurus relationships. Our intention is to drive the system from general representations and a common query structure and interface. To this end, we are developing an XML representation based an work by the Classification Research Group an fundamental facets or categories. The XML representation maps categories to particular thesauri and hierarchies. The system interface, which is configured by the mapping, incorporates a thesaurus browser with navigation history together with a term search facility and drag and drop query builder.
  19. Tudhope, D.; Binding, C.: Toward terminology services : experiences with a pilot Web service thesaurus browser (2006) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Dublin Core recommends controlled terminology for the subject of a resource. Knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as classifications, gazetteers, taxonomies and thesauri, provide controlled vocabularies that organize and structure concepts for indexing, classifying, browsing and search. For example, a thesaurus employs a set of standard semantic relationships (ISO 2788, ISO 5964), and major thesauri have a large entry vocabulary of terms considered equivalent for retrieval purposes. Many KOS have been made available for Web-based access. However, they are often not fully integrated into indexing and search systems and the full potential for networked and programmatic access remains untapped. The lack of standardized access and interchange formats impedes wider use of KOS resources. We developed a Web demonstrator (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~FACET/webdemo/) for the FACET project (www.comp.glam.ac.uk/~facet/facetproject.html) that explored thesaurus-based query expansion with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus. A Web demonstrator was implemented via Active Server Pages (ASP) with server-side scripting and compiled server-side components for database access, and cascading style sheets for presentation. The browser-based interactive interface permits dynamic control of query term expansion. However, being based on a custom thesaurus representation and API, the techniques cannot be applied directly to thesauri in other formats on the Web. General programmatic access requires commonly agreed protocols, for example, building on Web and Grid services. The development of common KOS representation formats and service protocols are closely linked. Linda Hill and colleagues argued in 2002 for a general KOS service protocol from which protocols for specific types of KOS can be derived. Thus, in the future, a combination of thesaurus and query protocols might permit a thesaurus to be used with a choice of search tools on various kinds of databases. Service-oriented architectures bring an opportunity for moving toward a clearer separation of interface components from the underlying data sources. In our view, basing distributed protocol services on the atomic elements of thesaurus data structures and relationships is not necessarily the best approach because client operations that require multiple client-server calls would carry too much overhead. This would limit the interfaces that could be offered by applications following such a protocol. Advanced interactive interfaces require protocols that group primitive thesaurus data elements (via their relationships) into composites to achieve reasonable response.
  20. Vlachidis, A.; Binding, C.; Tudhope, D.; May, K.: Excavating grey literature : a case study on the rich indexing of archaeological documents via natural language-processing techniques and knowledge-based resources (2010) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - This paper sets out to discuss the use of information extraction (IE), a natural language-processing (NLP) technique to assist "rich" semantic indexing of diverse archaeological text resources. The focus of the research is to direct a semantic-aware "rich" indexing of diverse natural language resources with properties capable of satisfying information retrieval from online publications and datasets associated with the Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources (STAR) project. Design/methodology/approach - The paper proposes use of the English Heritage extension (CRM-EH) of the standard core ontology in cultural heritage, CIDOC CRM, and exploitation of domain thesauri resources for driving and enhancing an Ontology-Oriented Information Extraction process. The process of semantic indexing is based on a rule-based Information Extraction technique, which is facilitated by the General Architecture of Text Engineering (GATE) toolkit and expressed by Java Annotation Pattern Engine (JAPE) rules. Findings - Initial results suggest that the combination of information extraction with knowledge resources and standard conceptual models is capable of supporting semantic-aware term indexing. Additional efforts are required for further exploitation of the technique and adoption of formal evaluation methods for assessing the performance of the method in measurable terms. Originality/value - The value of the paper lies in the semantic indexing of 535 unpublished online documents often referred to as "Grey Literature", from the Archaeological Data Service OASIS corpus (Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS), with respect to the CRM ontological concepts E49.Time Appellation and P19.Physical Object.

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