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  1. Geisriegler, E.: Enriching electronic texts with semantic metadata : a use case for the historical Newspaper Collection ANNO (Austrian Newspapers Online) of the Austrian National Libraryhek (2012) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Die vorliegende Master Thesis setzt sich mit der Frage nach Möglichkeiten der Anreicherung historischer Zeitungen mit semantischen Metadaten auseinander. Sie möchte außerdem analysieren, welcher Nutzen für vor allem geisteswissenschaftlich Forschende, durch die Anreicherung mit zusätzlichen Informationsquellen entsteht. Nach der Darstellung der Entwicklung der interdisziplinären 'Digital Humanities', wurde für die digitale Sammlung historischer Zeitungen (ANNO AustriaN Newspapers Online) der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek ein Use Case entwickelt, bei dem 'Named Entities' (Personen, Orte, Organisationen und Daten) in ausgewählten Zeitungsausgaben manuell annotiert wurden. Methodisch wurde das Kodieren mit 'TEI', einem Dokumentenformat zur Kodierung und zum Austausch von Texten durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden zu allen annotierten 'Named Entities' Einträge in externen Datenbanken wie Wikipedia, Wikipedia Personensuche, der ehemaligen Personennamen- und Schlagwortnormdatei (jetzt Gemeinsame Normdatei GND), VIAF und dem Bildarchiv Austria gesucht und gegebenenfalls verlinkt. Eine Beschreibung der Ergebnisse des manuellen Annotierens der Zeitungsseiten schließt diesen Teil der Arbeit ab. In einem weiteren Abschnitt werden die Ergebnisse des manuellen Annotierens mit jenen Ergebnissen, die automatisch mit dem German NER (Named Entity Recognition) generiert wurden, verglichen und in ihrer Genauigkeit analysiert. Abschließend präsentiert die Arbeit einige Best Practice-Beispiele kodierter und angereicherter Zeitungsseiten, um den zusätzlichen Nutzen durch die Auszeichnung der 'Named Entities' und durch die Verlinkung mit externen Informationsquellen für die BenützerInnen darzustellen.
    Date
    3. 2.2013 18:00:22
    Footnote
    Wien, Univ., Lehrgang Library and Information Studies, Master-Thesis, 2012.
  2. Ziemba, L.: Information retrieval with concept discovery in digital collections for agriculture and natural resources (2011) 0.06
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    Abstract
    The amount and complexity of information available in a digital form is already huge and new information is being produced every day. Retrieving information relevant to address a particular need becomes a significant issue. This work utilizes knowledge organization systems (KOS), such as thesauri and ontologies and applies information extraction (IE) and computational linguistics (CL) techniques to organize, manage and retrieve information stored in digital collections in the agricultural domain. Two real world applications of the approach have been developed and are available and actively used by the public. An ontology is used to manage the Water Conservation Digital Library holding a dynamic collection of various types of digital resources in the domain of urban water conservation in Florida, USA. The ontology based back-end powers a fully operational web interface, available at http://library.conservefloridawater.org. The system has demonstrated numerous benefits of the ontology application, including accurate retrieval of resources, information sharing and reuse, and has proved to effectively facilitate information management. The major difficulty encountered with the approach is that large and dynamic number of concepts makes it difficult to keep the ontology consistent and to accurately catalog resources manually. To address the aforementioned issues, a combination of IE and CL techniques, such as Vector Space Model and probabilistic parsing, with the use of Agricultural Thesaurus were adapted to automatically extract concepts important for each of the texts in the Best Management Practices (BMP) Publication Library--a collection of documents in the domain of agricultural BMPs in Florida available at http://lyra.ifas.ufl.edu/LIB. A new approach of domain-specific concept discovery with the use of Internet search engine was developed. Initial evaluation of the results indicates significant improvement in precision of information extraction. The approach presented in this work focuses on problems unique to agriculture and natural resources domain, such as domain specific concepts and vocabularies, but should be applicable to any collection of texts in digital format. It may be of potential interest for anyone who needs to effectively manage a collection of digital resources.
  3. Seidlmayer, E.: ¬An ontology of digital objects in philosophy : an approach for practical use in research (2018) 0.04
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    Footnote
    Master thesis Library and Information Science, Fakultät für Informations- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Technische Hochschule Köln. Schön auch: Bei Google Scholar unter 'Eva, S.' nachgewiesen.
  4. Makewita, S.M.: Investigating the generic information-seeking function of organisational decision-makers : perspectives on improving organisational information systems (2002) 0.03
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    Abstract
    The past decade has seen the emergence of a new paradigm in the corporate world where organisations emphasised connectivity as a means of exposing decision-makers to wider resources of information within and outside the organisation. Many organisations followed the initiatives of enhancing infrastructures, manipulating cultural shifts and emphasising managerial commitment for creating pools and networks of knowledge. However, the concept of connectivity is not merely presenting people with the data, but more importantly, to create environments where people can seek information efficiently. This paradigm has therefore caused a shift in the function of information systems in organisations. They have to be now assessed in relation to how they underpin people's information-seeking activities within the context of their organisational environment. This research project used interpretative research methods to investigate the nature of people's information-seeking activities at two culturally contrasting organisations. Outcomes of this research project provide insights into phenomena associated with people's information-seeking function, and show how they depend on the organisational context that is defined partly by information systems. It suggests that information-seeking is not just searching for data. The inefficiencies inherent in both people and their environments can bring opaqueness into people's data, which they need to avoid or eliminate as part of seeking information. This seems to have made information-seeking a two-tier process consisting of a primary process of searching and interpreting data and auxiliary process of avoiding and eliminating opaqueness in data. Based on this view, this research suggests that organisational information systems operate naturally as implicit dual-mechanisms to underpin the above two-tier process, and that improvements to information systems should concern maintaining the balance in these dual-mechanisms.
    Date
    22. 7.2022 12:16:58
  5. Strong, R.W.: Undergraduates' information differentiation behaviors in a research process : a grounded theory approach (2005) 0.02
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    Abstract
    This research explores, using a Grounded Theory approach, the question of how a particular group of undergraduate university students differentiates the values of retrieved information in a contemporary research process. Specifically it attempts to isolate and label those specific techniques, processes, formulae-both objective and subjective-that the students use to identify, prioritize, and successfully incorporate the most useful and valuable information into their research project. The research reviews the relevant literature covering the areas of: epistemology, knowledge acquisition, and cognitive learning theory; early relevance research; the movement from relevance models to information seeking in context; and the proximate recent research. A research methodology is articulated using a Grounded Theory approach, and the research process and research participants are fully explained and described. The findings of the research are set forth using three Thematic Sets- Traditional Relevance Measures; Structural Frames; and Metaphors: General and Ecological-using the actual discourse of the study participants, and a theoretical construct is advanced. Based on that construct, it can be theorized that identification and analysis of the metaphorical language that the particular students in this study used, both by way of general and ecological metaphors-their stories-about how they found, handled, and evaluated information, can be a very useful tool in understanding how the students identified, prioritized, and successfully incorporated the most useful and relevant information into their research projects. It also is argued that this type of metaphorical analysis could be useful in providing a bridging mechanism for a broader understanding of the relationships between traditional user relevance studies and the concepts of frame theory and sense-making. Finally, a corollary to Whitmire's original epistemological hypothesis is posited: Students who were more adept at using metaphors-either general or ecological-appeared more comfortable with handling contradictory information sources, and better able to articulate their valuing decisions. The research concludes with a discussion of the implications for both future research in the Library and Information Science field, and for the practice of both Library professionals and classroom instructors involved in assisting students involved in information valuing decision-making in a research process.
  6. Farazi, M.: Faceted lightweight ontologies : a formalization and some experiments (2010) 0.02
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    Content
    PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.
  7. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.01
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    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
  8. Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016) 0.01
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    Content
    Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
  9. Gordon, T.J.; Helmer-Hirschberg, O.: Report on a long-range forecasting study (1964) 0.01
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    Date
    22. 6.2018 13:24:08
    22. 6.2018 13:54:52
  10. Vocht, L. De: Exploring semantic relationships in the Web of Data : Semantische relaties verkennen in data op het web (2017) 0.01
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    Abstract
    This PhD-thesis describes how to effectively explore linked data on the Web. The main focus is on scenarios where users want to discover relationships between resources rather than finding out more about something specific. Searching for a specific document or piece of information fits in the theoretical framework of information retrieval and is associated with exploratory search. Exploratory search goes beyond 'looking up something' when users are seeking more detailed understanding, further investigation or navigation of the initial search results. The ideas behind exploratory search and querying linked data merge when it comes to the way knowledge is represented and indexed by machines - how data is structured and stored for optimal searchability. Queries and information should be aligned to facilitate that searches also reveal connections between results. This implies that they take into account the same semantic entities, relevant at that moment. To realize this, we research three techniques that are evaluated one by one in an experimental set-up to assess how well they succeed in their goals. In the end, the techniques are applied to a practical use case that focuses on forming a bridge between the Web and the use of digital libraries in scientific research. Our first technique focuses on the interactive visualization of search results. Linked data resources can be brought in relation with each other at will. This leads to complex and diverse graphs structures. Our technique facilitates navigation and supports a workflow starting from a broad overview on the data and allows narrowing down until the desired level of detail to then broaden again. To validate the flow, two visualizations where implemented and presented to test-users. The users judged the usability of the visualizations, how the visualizations fit in the workflow and to which degree their features seemed useful for the exploration of linked data.
    The ideas behind exploratory search and querying linked data merge when it comes to the way knowledge is represented and indexed by machines - how data is structured and stored for optimal searchability. eries and information should be aligned to facilitate that searches also reveal connections between results. This implies that they take into account the same semantic entities, relevant at that moment. To realize this, we research three techniques that are evaluated one by one in an experimental set-up to assess how well they succeed in their goals. In the end, the techniques are applied to a practical use case that focuses on forming a bridge between the Web and the use of digital libraries in scientific research.
    When we speak about finding relationships between resources, it is necessary to dive deeper in the structure. The graph structure of linked data where the semantics give meaning to the relationships between resources enable the execution of pathfinding algorithms. The assigned weights and heuristics are base components of such algorithms and ultimately define (the order) which resources are included in a path. These paths explain indirect connections between resources. Our third technique proposes an algorithm that optimizes the choice of resources in terms of serendipity. Some optimizations guard the consistence of candidate-paths where the coherence of consecutive connections is maximized to avoid trivial and too arbitrary paths. The implementation uses the A* algorithm, the de-facto reference when it comes to heuristically optimized minimal cost paths. The effectiveness of paths was measured based on common automatic metrics and surveys where the users could indicate their preference for paths, generated each time in a different way. Finally, all our techniques are applied to a use case about publications in digital libraries where they are aligned with information about scientific conferences and researchers. The application to this use case is a practical example because the different aspects of exploratory search come together. In fact, the techniques also evolved from the experiences when implementing the use case. Practical details about the semantic model are explained and the implementation of the search system is clarified module by module. The evaluation positions the result, a prototype of a tool to explore scientific publications, researchers and conferences next to some important alternatives.
  11. Thornton, K: Powerful structure : inspecting infrastructures of information organization in Wikimedia Foundation projects (2016) 0.01
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    Abstract
    This dissertation investigates the social and technological factors of collaboratively organizing information in commons-based peer production systems. To do so, it analyzes the diverse strategies that members of Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) project communities use to organize information. Key findings from this dissertation show that conceptual structures of information organization are encoded into the infrastructure of WMF projects. The fact that WMF projects are commons-based peer production systems means that we can inspect the code that enables these systems, but a specific type of technical literacy is required to do so. I use three methods in this dissertation. I conduct a qualitative content analysis of the discussions surrounding the design, implementation and evaluation of the category system; a quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics of patterns of editing among editors who contributed to the code of templates for information boxes; and a close reading of the infrastructure used to create the category system, the infobox templates, and the knowledge base of structured data.
  12. Schwarz, K.: Domain model enhanced search : a comparison of taxonomy, thesaurus and ontology (2005) 0.01
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    Abstract
    The results of this thesis are intended to support the information architect in designing a solution for improved search in a corporate environment. Specifically we have examined the type of search problems that require a domain model to enhance the search process. There are several approaches to modeling a domain. We have considered 3 different types of domain modeling schemes; taxonomy, thesaurus and ontology. The intention is to support the information architect in making an informed choice between one or more of these schemes. In our opinion the main criteria for this choice are the modeling characteristics of a scheme and the suitability for application in the search process. The second chapter is a discussion of modeling characteristics of each scheme, followed by a comparison between them. This should give an information architect an idea of which aspects of a domain can be modeled with each scheme. What is missing here is an indication of the effort required to model a domain with each scheme. There are too many factors that influence the amount of required effort, ranging from measurable factors like domain size and resource characteristics to cultural matters such as the willingness to share knowledge and the existence of a project champion in the team to keep the project running. The third chapter shows what role domain models can play in each part of the search process. This gives an idea of the problems that domain models can solve. We have split the search process into individual parts to show that domain models can be applied very differently in the process. The fourth chapter makes recommendations about the suitability of each individualdomain modeling scheme for improving search. Each scheme has particular characteristics that make it especially suitable for a domain or a search problem. In the appendix each case study is described in detail. These descriptions are intended to serve as a benchmark. The current problem of the enterprise can be compared to those described to see which case study is most similar, which solution was chosen, which problems arose and how they were dealt with. An important issue that we have not touched upon in this thesis is that of maintenance. The real problems of a domain model are revealed when it is applied in a search system and its deficits and wrong assumptions become clear. Adaptation and maintenance are always required. Unfortunately we have not been able to glean sufficient information about maintenance issues from our case studies to draw any meaningful conclusions.
  13. Knitel, M.: ¬The application of linked data principles to library data : opportunities and challenges (2012) 0.01
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    Footnote
    Wien, Univ., Lehrgang Library and Information Studies, Master-Thesis, 2012.
  14. Huo, W.: Automatic multi-word term extraction and its application to Web-page summarization (2012) 0.01
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    Date
    10. 1.2013 19:22:47
  15. Kiren, T.: ¬A clustering based indexing technique of modularized ontologies for information retrieval (2017) 0.00
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    Date
    20. 1.2015 18:30:22