Search (60 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

A new approach to generate string index entries from concept networks is discussed: terms from multi-term search specifications are cited near the beginning of the entry, while an articulated entry structure indicative of concept relations is retained.

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Abstract

Postcoordination, in which terms are combined at the searching stage rather than at the time of indexing, has been the main form of database access since the 1950s. Reasons for the failure of postcoordinate searches include the absence of specified relationships between terms, the complexity of formulating Boolean searches, and the high frequency of terms in large databases. Recent writers on indexing electronic text have called for precoordination to enhance the precision of retrieval. Among precoordinate indexing structures, a book index with coined modifications is the most precise. The time and cost associated with such customized analysis will, however, limit its application in the electronic environment

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Abstract

This study examined the content of back of book indexes produced by 37 authors and 27 nonauthors. The purpose was to see if differences between the two groups of indexers could be discerned by counting the occurrence of characteristics in their indexes. The nonauthors, many or all of whom were probably professional indexers, provided significantly more index pages, modified headings, and modifiers than did the author indexers. The two groups were almost identical in their frequency of cross reference use. The simple counting technique is a feasible method. It should be applied to othe populations of back of book indexes to determine how generalizable are the author/nonauthor differences seen here

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Abstract

Usability of Web sites has become an increasingly important area of research as Web sites proliferate and problems with use are noted. Generally, aspects of Web sites that have been investigated focus on such areas as overall design and navigation. The exploratory study reported on here investigates one specific component of a Web site-the index structure. By employing index usability metrics developed by Liddy and Jörgensen (1993; Jörgensen & Liddy, 1996) and modified to accommodate a hypertext environment, the study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of 20 subjects who used one existing index (the A-Z index on the FedStats Web site at http://www.fedstats.gov) and three experimental variants to complete five researcher-generated tasks. User satisfaction with the indexes was also evaluated. The findings indicate that a hypertext index with multiple access points for each concept, all linked to the same resource, led to greater effectiveness and efficiency of retrieval on almost all measures. Satisfaction measures were more variable. The study offers insight into potential improvements in the design of Web-based indexes and provides preliminary assessment of the validity of the measures employed

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Source

Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan

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Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan

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Abstract

The Index of the Hebrew Daily Press developed from the desire to meet reader's needs, in particular those of secondary school students and college students preparing term papers and small research projects. The Index began in the 1950s with the organisation of a card catalogue of selected articles from journals and newspapers. Discusses the problems in defining and establishing the thesaurus for such a catalogue, the growth, changes and development of the catalogue as a result of cooperative efforts at Tel-Hai Regional College Library and the University of Haifa Library.

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Source

Ranganathan's philosophy: assessment, impact and relevance. Proc. of the Int. Conf. organised by the Indian Library Association an co-sponsored by Sarada Ranganathan' Endowment for Library Science. Ed.: T.S. Rajagopalan

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Abstract

Describes a utility program designed to generate a permuted keyword index from a CDS/ISIS database. The different keywords which are used to describe the subject content of documents are presented together in a string, thus showing the context in which the lead term is used. Indexes can also be generated for any repeatable field, such as author and report number. The string is rotated from left to right to provide an access from each of the terms used. Pascal is the language used and a step by step tutorial is given to create the necessary databases

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Abstract

Describes an effective, simple and efficient algorithm for computer generation of hierarchical indices from Document Term matrices by means of calculating common denominator vectors from the document vector set. This procedure produces an intuitive, user friendly hierarchical index of a document collection not unlike that which would be expected had a manual indexer set about to create an index or outline of a collection. The resulting index, when presented with a graphical user interface, provides the user with a natural easily comprehended view of the document collection, permits general browsing and informal search activities with an access method that requires no keyboard entry or prior knowledge of the vocabulary

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Abstract

Contrasts the practice of 'classified' indexing (i.e. the arrangement of headings into a limited number of hierarchies) with 'specific' indexing (i.e. direct entry under the term chosen for the heading). Defines and gives examples of both practices and considers their application to law book indexing. There is a long tradition of compiling and publishing classified indexes in law books. Argues, however, that specific indexes are a far more effective finding aid and that readers wishing to make a 'classified' type of approach to a law book can usually do so by consulting the contents list or lists

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Abstract

In the optimistic 1960s the potential of the computer seemed limitless. The realization of this potential in the area of information retrieval and dissemination owes much to the creative mind of Hans Peter Luhn. A pioneer of information science, he had a mind and an imagination that could transcend the state of the art. Luhn was born in Germany, where he studied technology, physics, and accounting. He came to the United States in 1924 and in 1941, at the age of 45, he joined IBM. In the course of his twenty-year tenure at IBM, he was issued over eighty patents; at one time he held more than any other IBM employee. Luhn is credited with originating KWIC indexes, computer selective dissemination systems (SDI), computer coding schemes, and statistical techniques for automatic indexing and abstracting. Also attributed to him is the first modern use of the word "thesaurus." The selection that follows modestly presents the idea of a Keyword in Context (KWIC) index. This is the idea of automatically identifying significant or "key" words and highlighting them in context. The context in question was normally a title. Though title term or catchword indexing had been practiced for over one hundred years, the implementation of the idea in mechanized systems in the 1960s was not trivial. It required programming the computer to recognize word boundaries and then developing a means for automatically differentiating significant from nonsignificant words. Spaces were used to demarcate word boundaries and a stop list, consisting of articles, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, some adjectives, and some very common words, was used to differentiate significant from nonsignificant words. A difficulty with any automatic indexing limited to extracting single words from texts is the semantic indeterminancy of the extracted character strings. To disambiguate these, Luhn adopted the concordance idea, proposing to display them in the context of their titles. Specifying the meaning of an index term by couching it in "context," anticipated the later development of string index languages such as PRECIS (PREserved Context Index System). Although the selection that follows is quite short, it presents, in addition to the idea of KWIC, what at the time were two innovative ideas. One is the distinction between the dissemination and the retrieval of information, in regard to which Luhn makes a point sometimes overlooked by modern critics of KWIC. This is that different purposes require different kinds of indexes; an index that is used to disseminate information for current awareness need not be as "perfect" as one used for retrospective information retrieval. The need to alert researchers to current information quickly, and the somewhat transitory character of this information, make KWIC, albeit quick and dirty, a costeffective alternative for dissemination indexes. The second harbinger idea is a method of uniquely identifying documents for retrieval using an identification code comprising the initial characters from a document's author, title, and - interestingly - year of publication. Luhn's mind was fertile indeed and he is aptly called a pioneer of information science.

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Source

Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.25-26

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Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.14-18

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Indexer. 22(2000) no.1, S.14-20

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Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.135-141

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Source

Indexer. 11(1978), S.14-22

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Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.123-127

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Indexer. 22(2001) no.3, S.119-122