Search (108 results, page 1 of 6)

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Abstract

While classifications are heavily used to categorize web content, the evolution of the web foresees a more formal structure - ontology - which can serve this purpose. Ontologies are core artifacts of the Semantic Web which enable machines to use inference rules to conduct automated reasoning on data. Lightweight ontologies bridge the gap between classifications and ontologies. A lightweight ontology (LO) is an ontology representing a backbone taxonomy where the concept of the child node is more specific than the concept of the parent node. Formal lightweight ontologies can be generated from their informal ones. The key applications of formal lightweight ontologies are document classification, semantic search, and data integration. However, these applications suffer from the following problems: the disambiguation accuracy of the state of the art NLP tools used in generating formal lightweight ontologies from their informal ones; the lack of background knowledge needed for the formal lightweight ontologies; and the limitation of ontology reuse. In this dissertation, we propose a novel solution to these problems in formal lightweight ontologies; namely, faceted lightweight ontology (FLO). FLO is a lightweight ontology in which terms, present in each node label, and their concepts, are available in the background knowledge (BK), which is organized as a set of facets. A facet can be defined as a distinctive property of the groups of concepts that can help in differentiating one group from another. Background knowledge can be defined as a subset of a knowledge base, such as WordNet, and often represents a specific domain.

Content

PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.

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Footnote

Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.

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Content

Master thesis Master of Science (Library and Information Studies) (MSc), Universität Wien. Advisor: Christoph Steiner. Vgl.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371680244_Vergabe_von_DDC-Sachgruppen_mittels_eines_Schlagwort-Thesaurus. DOI: 10.25365/thesis.70030. Vgl. dazu die Präsentation unter: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=0CAIQw7AJahcKEwjwoZzzytz_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.dnb.de%2Fdownload%2Fattachments%2F252121510%2FDA3%2520Workshop-Gabler.pdf%3Fversion%3D1%26modificationDate%3D1671093170000%26api%3Dv2&psig=AOvVaw0szwENK1or3HevgvIDOfjx&ust=1687719410889597&opi=89978449.

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Abstract

In this thesis we propose three new word association measures for multi-word term extraction. We combine these association measures with LocalMaxs algorithm in our extraction model and compare the results of different multi-word term extraction methods. Our approach is language and domain independent and requires no training data. It can be applied to such tasks as text summarization, information retrieval, and document classification. We further explore the potential of using multi-word terms as an effective representation for general web-page summarization. We extract multi-word terms from human written summaries in a large collection of web-pages, and generate the summaries by aligning document words with these multi-word terms. Our system applies machine translation technology to learn the aligning process from a training set and focuses on selecting high quality multi-word terms from human written summaries to generate suitable results for web-page summarization.

Date

10. 1.2013 19:22:47

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Abstract

By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.

Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Abstract

Im Jahr 1995 entstand in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit der Prototyp Bücherschatz, ein Bibliotheks-Online_katalog für Kinder. Beteiligt waren Studierende und eine Professorin der FH Hamburg, Fb Bibliothek und Information, ein Designer und 2 Informatikerinnen der Universität Hamburg. In diesem Bericht werden sowohl das Produkt Bücherschatz als auch der Prozeß seiner Entwicklung beschrieben. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt in der Auseinandersetzung mit theoretischen Modellen der Softwaretechnik - hier STEPS und Prototyping - und ihrer Anpassung an konkrete Projekterfordernisse. Weiterhin werden Fragen nach der Gestaltung kindgerechter Software, der Organisation eines großen Projektteams und nach der Art der Partizipation der Benutzer thematisiert. Das Gesamtprojekt wird in einen wissenschaftlichen Kontext der Informatik eingeordnet, und zentrale Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich interdisziplinärer und partizipativer Softwareentwicklung werden zusammengefaßt

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Abstract

Diese Arbeit besteht im Wesentlichen aus zwei Teilen: Der erste Teil beinhaltet eine Einführung in den Begriff Web 2.0 und in die allgemeinen Rahmenbedingungen der zugehörigen technischen Entwicklungen. Des Weiteren werden exemplarische Techniken vorgestellt, die Web 2.0 zugeschrieben werden können sowie einige beispielhafte Anwendungen. Im zweiten Teil wird die Diskussion um Bibliothek 2.0 aufgegriffen, um anschließend näher auf Web 2.0 Techniken in Bibliothekskatalogen bzw. den OPAC 2.0 einzugehen. Verschiedene Techniken, die im OPAC 2.0 Anwendung finden können, werden diskutiert und zuletzt werden einige beispielhafte OPACs vorgestellt.

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Abstract

The current web consists of documents that are highly heterogeneous and hard for machines to understand. The Semantic Web is a progressive movement of the Word Wide Web, aiming at converting the current web of unstructured documents to the web of data. In the Semantic Web, web documents are annotated with metadata using standardized ontology language. These annotated documents are directly processable by machines and it highly improves their usability and usefulness. In Ericsson, similar problems occur. There are massive documents being created with well-defined structures. Though these documents are about domain specific knowledge and can have rich relations, they are currently managed by a traditional search engine, which ignores the rich domain specific information and presents few data to users. Motivated by the Semantic Web, we aim to find standard ways to process these documents, extract rich domain specific information and annotate these data to documents with formal markup languages. We propose this project to develop a domain specific search engine for processing different documents and building explicit relations for them. This research project consists of the three main focuses: examining different domain specific documents and finding ways to extract their metadata; integrating a text search engine with an ontology server; exploring novel ways to build relations for documents. We implement this system and demonstrate its functions. As a prototype, the system provides required features and will be extended in the future.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

Der Anreiz und das Potential von Informationsvisualisierungen wird bereits häufig erkannt und der Wunsch nach deren Anwendung immer stärker. Gerade im Bereich des Wissensmanagements spielt dieses Gebiet eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Informationsvisualisierung im Semantic Web und vermittelt einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen zum Thema Knowledge Visualization. Zun¨achst werden grundlegende Konzepte der Informationsvisualisierung vorgestellt und deren Bedeutung in Hinblick auf das Wissensmanagement erklärt. Aus den Anforderungen, die das Semantic Web an die Informationsvisualisierungen stellt, lassen sich Kriterien ableiten, die zur Beurteilung von Visualisierungstechniken herangezogen werden können. Die ausgewählten Kriterien werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zu einem Kriterienkatalog zusammengefasst. Schließlich werden ausgewählte Werkzeuge beschrieben, die im Wissensmanagement bereits erfolgreich Anwendung finden. Die einzelnen Untersuchungsobjekte werden nach einer detailierten Beschreibung anhand der ausgewählten Kriterien analysiert und bewertet. Dabei wird besonders auf deren Anwendung im Kontext des Semantic Web eingegangen.

Source

Eine Analyse bestehender Visualisierungstechniken im Hinblick auf Eignung für das Semantic Web

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

Der in Kapitel B behandelte Schwerpunkt ist die Ontologie-Entwicklung. Nach der Erfassung der grundlegenden Charakteristika ontologiebasierter Wissensmodellierung stehen hier die Anforderungen bei der Erstellung einer Ontologie im Vordergrund. Dazu werden die wesentlichen diesbezüglichen Errungenschaften des sogenannten Ontology Engineering erörtert. Es werden zunächst methodologische Ansätze für den Entwicklungsprozess von Ontologien sowie für die einzelnen Aufgabengebiete entwickelter Techniken und Verfahren vorgestellt. Anschließend daran werden Design-Kriterien und ein Ansatz zur Meta-Modellierung besprochen, welche der Qualitätssicherung einer Ontologie dienen sollen. Diese Betrachtungen sollen eine Übersicht über den Erkenntnisstand des Ontology Engineering geben, womit ein wesentlicher Aspekt zur Nutzung ontologiebasierter Verfahren der Wissensmodellierung im Semantic Web abgedeckt wird. Als letzter Aspekt zur Erfassung der Charakteristika ontologiebasierter Wissensmodellierung wird in Kapitel C die Fragestellung bearbeitet, wie Ontologien in Informationssystemen eingesetzt werden können. Dazu werden zunächst die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Ontologien identifiziert. Dann werden Anwendungsgebiete von Ontologien vorgestellt, welche zum einen Beispiele für die aufgefundenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten darstellen und zum anderen im Hinblick auf die Untersuchung der Verwendung von Ontologien im Semantic Web grundlegende Aspekte desselben erörtern sollen. Im Anschluss daran werden die wesentlichen softwaretechnischen Herausforderungen besprochen, die sich durch die Verwendung von Ontologien in Informationssystemen ergeben. Damit wird die Erarbeitung der wesentlichen Charakteristika ontologiebasierter Verfahren der Wissensmodellierung als erstem Teil dieser Arbeit abgeschlossen.
Basierend auf diesen Abhandlungen wird in Kapitel D die Verwendung von Ontologien im Semantic Web behandelt. Dabei ist das Semantic Web nicht als computergestützte Lösung für ein konkretes Anwendungsgebiet zu verstehen, sondern - ähnlich wie existente Web-Technologien - als eine informationstechnische Infrastruktur zur Bereitstellung und Verknüpfung von Applikationen für verschiedene Anwendungsgebiete. Die technologischen Lösungen zur Umsetzung des Semantic Web befinden sich noch in der Entwicklungsphase. Daher werden zunächst die grundlegenden Ideen der Vision des Semantic Web genauer erläutert und das antizipierte Architekturmodell zur Realisierung derselben vorgestellt, wobei insbesondere die darin angestrebte Rolle von Ontologien herausgearbeitet wird. Anschließend daran wird die formale Darstellung von Ontologien durch web-kompatible Sprachen erörtert, wodurch die Verwendung von Ontologien im Semantic Web ermöglicht werden soll. In diesem Zusammenhang sollen ferner die Beweggründe für die Verwendung von Ontologien als bedeutungsdefinierende Konstrukte im Semantic Web verdeutlicht sowie die auftretenden Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Handhabung von Ontologien aufgezeigt werden. Dazu werden als dritter Aspekt des Kapitels entsprechende Lösungsansätze des Ontologie-Managements diskutiert. Abschließend wird auf die Implikationen für konkrete Anwendungen der Semantic Web - Technologien eingegangen, die aus der Verwendung von Ontologien im Semantic Web resultieren. Zum Abschluss der Ausführungen werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zusammengefasst. Dabei soll auch eine kritische Betrachtung bezüglich der Notwendigkeit semantischer Web-Technologien sowie der Realisierbarkeit der Vision des Semantic Web vorgenommen werden.

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Abstract

Das Semantic Web bezeichnet ein erweitertes World Wide Web (WWW), das die Bedeutung von präsentierten Inhalten in neuen standardisierten Sprachen wie RDF Schema und OWL modelliert. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Aspekt des Information Retrieval, d.h. es wird untersucht, in wie weit Methoden der Informationssuche sich auf modelliertes Wissen übertragen lassen. Die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von IR-Systemen wie vage Anfragen sowie die Unterstützung unsicheren Wissens werden im Kontext des Semantic Web behandelt. Im Fokus steht die Suche nach Fakten innerhalb einer Wissensdomäne, die entweder explizit modelliert sind oder implizit durch die Anwendung von Inferenz abgeleitet werden können. Aufbauend auf der an der Universität Duisburg-Essen entwickelten Retrievalmaschine PIRE wird die Anwendung unsicherer Inferenz mit probabilistischer Prädikatenlogik (pDatalog) implementiert.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

As the Web continues to grow and encompass broader and more diverse sources of information, providing effective search facilities to users becomes an increasingly challenging problem. To help users deal with the deluge of Web-accessible information, we propose a search system which makes use of context to improve search results in a scalable way. By context, we mean any sources of information, in addition to any search query, that provide clues about the user's true information need. For instance, a user's bookmarks and search history can be considered a part of the search context. We consider two types of context-based search. The first type of functionality we consider is "similarity search." In this case, as the user is browsing Web pages, URLs for pages similar to the current page are retrieved and displayed in a side panel. No query is explicitly issued; context alone (i.e., the page currently being viewed) is used to provide the user with useful related information. The second type of functionality involves taking search context into account when ranking results to standard search queries. Web search differs from traditional information retrieval tasks in several major ways, making effective context-sensitive Web search challenging. First, scalability is of critical importance. With billions of publicly accessible documents, the Web is much larger than traditional datasets. Similarly, with millions of search queries issued each day, the query load is much higher than for traditional information retrieval systems. Second, there are no guarantees on the quality ofWeb pages, with Web-authors taking an adversarial, rather than cooperative, approach in attempts to inflate the rankings of their pages. Third, there is a significant amount of metadata embodied in the link structure corresponding to the hyperlinks between Web pages that can be exploitedduring the retrieval process. In this thesis, we design a search system, using the Stanford WebBase platform, that exploits the link structure of the Web to provide scalable, context-sensitive search.

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Abstract

Die Qualität der Auskünfte in einem Call-Center des Typus Informationshotline wird gewährleistet durch die zentrale Bereitstellung von Informationen zu Produkten und Dienstleistungen eines Unternehmens. Dies kann in Form von Datenbanken, wie die in dieser Arbeit analysierten Kundentelefon-Wissensdatenbank der Deutschen Post AG (KT-WEB), realisiert werden. Damit die Call-Center-Mitarbeiter präzise, schnell und zuverlässig auf die im Kundengespräch relevanten Informationen zugreifen können, müssen die Informationen inhaltlich entsprechend erschlossen sein. Für KT-WEB wird dazu ein Konzept zur Optimierung der inhaltlichen Erschließung und Suche entwickelt, das über die bisher eingesetzten Erschließungsmethoden, Systematik und Volltexterschließung, hinaus geht: eine Erschließung mit facettierten Schlagwörtern.

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