-
Kaeser, E.: ¬Das postfaktische Zeitalter (2016)
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- Content
- "Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.
Ron Suskind, Journalist bei der «New York Times», zitierte 2004 einen Chefberater der Regierung Bush. «Er sagte, Typen wie ich gehörten, wie das genannt wurde, der <realitätsbasierten> Gemeinschaft an», schreibt Suskind. Aber so funktioniere die Welt nicht mehr: «Wir sind jetzt ein Weltreich», so der Berater, «und wenn wir handeln, schaffen wir unsere eigene Realität. Und während Sie in dieser Realität Nachforschungen anstellen, handeln wir schon wieder und schaffen neue Realitäten, die Sie auch untersuchen können, und so entwickeln sich die Dinge. Wir sind die Akteure der Geschichte, und Ihnen, Ihnen allen bleibt, nachzuforschen, was wir tun.» Als eine regelrechte Sumpfblüte aus dem Szenario des «Bullshits» präsentiert sich der gegenwärtige republikanische Präsidentschaftskandidat Donald Trump. Mit demonstrativer Schamlosigkeit produziert er Unwahrheiten und Widersprüche und schert sich einen Dreck um die Folgen. Paradoxerweise macht ihn diese Unglaubwürdigkeit umso glaubwürdiger, weil er sich im «Bullshit» geradezu suhlt. Er tritt auf mit dem Habitus: Seht doch, ich bin der, als den ihr Politiker schon immer sehen wolltet - ein Behaupter, Wortverdreher, Lügner! Ich bin nur ehrlich - ehrlich unehrlich! Das postfaktische Zeitalter lässt sich nun einfach dadurch charakterisieren, dass in ihm das Szenario der Wahrheit gegenüber den beiden anderen Szenarien immer mehr an Gewicht verliert. ...
-
Schultz, S.: ¬Die eine App für alles : Mobile Zukunft in China (2016)
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- Date
- 22. 6.2018 14:22:02
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Landwehr, A.: China schafft digitales Punktesystem für den "besseren" Menschen (2018)
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- 22. 6.2018 14:29:46
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Andrade, T.C.; Dodebei, V.: Traces of digitized newspapers and bom-digital news sites : a trail to the memory on the internet (2016)
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Social Media und Web Science : das Web als Lebensraum, Düsseldorf, 22. - 23. März 2012, Proceedings, hrsg. von Marlies Ockenfeld, Isabella Peters und Katrin Weller. DGI, Frankfurt am Main 2012 (2012)
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Oguz, F.; Koehler, W.: URL decay at year 20 : a research note (2016)
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Hartmann, B.: Ab ins MoMA : zum virtuellen Museumsgang (2011)
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Thelwall, M.; Buckley, K.; Paltoglou, G.: Sentiment in Twitter events (2011)
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Okoli, C.; Mehdi, M.; Mesgari, M.; Nielsen, F.A.; Lanamäki, A.: Wikipedia in the eyes of its beholders : a systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia readers and readership (2014)
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Firnkes, M.: Schöne neue Welt : der Content der Zukunft wird von Algorithmen bestimmt (2015)
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- 5. 7.2015 22:02:31
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Egbert, J.; Biber, D.; Davies, M.: Developing a bottom-up, user-based method of web register classification (2015)
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- 4. 8.2015 19:22:04
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Evans, H.K.; Ovalle, J.; Green, S.: Rockin' robins : do congresswomen rule the roost in the Twittersphere? (2016)
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- 22. 1.2016 11:51:19
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Arbelaitz, O.; Martínez-Otzeta. J.M.; Muguerza, J.: User modeling in a social network for cognitively disabled people (2016)
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Bizer, C.; Mendes, P.N.; Jentzsch, A.: Topology of the Web of Data (2012)
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- Abstract
- The degree of structure of Web content is the determining factor for the types of functionality that search engines can provide. The more well structured the Web content is, the easier it is for search engines to understand Web content and provide advanced functionality, such as faceted filtering or the aggregation of content from multiple Web sites, based on this understanding. Today, most Web sites are generated from structured data that is stored in relational databases. Thus, it does not require too much extra effort for Web sites to publish this structured data directly on the Web in addition to HTML pages, and thus help search engines to understand Web content and provide improved functionality. An early approach to realize this idea and help search engines to understand Web content is Microformats, a technique for markingup structured data about specific types on entities-such as tags, blog posts, people, or reviews-within HTML pages. As Microformats are focused on a few entity types, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started in 2004 to standardize RDFa as an alternative, more generic language for embedding any type of data into HTML pages. Today, major search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing extract Microformat and RDFa data describing products, reviews, persons, events, and recipes from Web pages and use the extracted data to improve the user's search experience. The search engines have started to aggregate structured data from different Web sites and augment their search results with these aggregated information units in the form of rich snippets which combine, for instance, data This chapter gives an overview of the topology of the Web of Data that has been created by publishing data on the Web using the microformats RDFa, Microdata and Linked Data publishing techniques.
-
Dufour, C.; Bartlett, J.C.; Toms, E.G.: Understanding how webcasts are used as sources of information (2011)
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- 22. 1.2011 14:16:14
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Zimmer, M.; Proferes, N.J.: ¬A topology of Twitter research : disciplines, methods, and ethics (2014)
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- 20. 1.2015 18:30:22
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Bhattacharya, S.; Yang, C.; Srinivasan, P.; Boynton, B.: Perceptions of presidential candidates' personalities in twitter (2016)
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Bhatia, S.; Biyani, P.; Mitra, P.: Identifying the role of individual user messages in an online discussion and its use in thread retrieval (2016)
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Dalip, D.H.; Gonçalves, M.A.; Cristo, M.; Calado, P.: ¬A general multiview framework for assessing the quality of collaboratively created content on web 2.0 (2017)
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Bünte, O.: Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte bezweifelt Facebooks Datenschutzversprechen (2018)
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