Search (298 results, page 1 of 15)

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Abstract

Purpose - In "Coming across information serendipitously - Part 1: a process model" the authors identified common elements of researchers' experiences of "coming across information serendipitously". These experiences involve a mix of unexpectedness and insight and lead to a valuable, unanticipated outcome. In this article, the authors aim to show how the elements of unexpectedness, insight and value form a framework for subjectively classifying whether a particular experience might be considered serendipitous and, if so, just how serendipitous. Design/methodology/approach - The classification framework was constructed by analysing 46 experiences of coming across information serendipitously provided by 28 interdisciplinary researchers during critical incident interviews. "Serendipity stories" were written to summarise each experience and to facilitate their comparison. The common elements of unexpectedness, insight and value were identified in almost all the experiences. Findings - The presence of different mixes of unexpectedness, insight and value in the interviewees' experiences define a multi-dimensional conceptual space (which the authors call the "serendipity space"). In this space, different "strengths" of serendipity exist. The classification framework can be used to reason about whether an experience falls within the serendipity space and, if so, how "pure" or "dilute" it is. Originality/value - The framework provides researchers from various disciplines with a structured means of reasoning about and classifying potentially serendipitous experiences.

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Abstract

Purpose - To examine the changing nature and adaptation of the Information Commons concept at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Design/methodology/approach - This article is primarily a case study on the growth and development of technology at Lied Library, including its expansion beyond the physical confines of the original model of the Information Commons. Additionally, a cross-section of articles regarding the principles of providing services and systems within an Information Commons is surveyed. Findings - Stresses the importance of maintaining a flexible model for the integration of technology and library services. Practical implications - A matter-of-fact source for the implications of rethinking and reinventing the Information Commons concept. Originality/value - This article addresses considerations important to the integration and evolution of technology services and space within academic libraries.

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Abstract

The article reports a field study which examined the mental models of 80 undergraduates seeking information for either a history or psychology course essay when they were in an early, exploration stage of researching their essay. This group is presently at a disadvantage when using thesaurus-type schemes in indexes and online search engines because there is a disconnect between how domain novice users of IR systems represent a topic space and how this space is represented in the standard IR system thesaurus. The study attempted to (a) ascertain the coding language used by the 80 undergraduates in the study to mentally represent their topic and then (b) align the mental models with the hierarchical structure found in many thesauri. The intervention focused the undergraduates' thinking about their topic from a topic statement to a thesis statement. The undergraduates were asked to produce three mental model diagrams for their real-life course essay at the beginning, middle, and end of the interview, for a total of 240 mental model diagrams, from which we created a 12-category mental model classification scheme. Findings indicate that at the end of the intervention, (a) the percentage of vertical mental models increased from 24 to 35% of all mental models; but that (b) 3rd-year students had fewer vertical mental models than did 1st-year undergraduates in the study, which is counterintuitive. The results indicate that there is justification for pursuing our research based on the hypothesis that rotating a domain novice's mental model into a vertical position would make it easier for him or her to cognitively connect with the thesaurus's hierarchical representation of the topic area.

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Abstract

Discusses the compatibility of CD-ROM databases and local area networks with notes on: troubleshooting, daily maintenance, CD-ROM databses versus traditional printed services, user training, and the burnout and stress which library staff face. In light of tightening budgets and limited space, LANs are challenging traditional book and periodical budgets, and placing new demands on available library resources and space.

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Abstract

The Brandeis model of reference service delivery, which consists of a student-staffed information desk and a professional reseaarch consultation service, attemps to preserve the quality of the reference encounter at a time of dramatically increased demand. In this article, Herman describes a multifaceted evaluation of the model, which has neen in place since 1990. A retreat was held to redefine the model's ideals, an unabstrusive studa was performed to measure the effectiveness of the information desk, and a focus group project was used to gauge patron response. The overall conclusion of the study is that the model provides a high-quality service that has been enthusiastically received, but that improvements need to be made in the referral of patrons from the information desk to the librarian

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.17-28

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Abstract

Most information systems share a common assumption: information seeking is discrete. Such an assumption neither reflects real-life information seeking processes nor conforms to the perspective of phenomenology, "life is a journey constituted by continuous acquisition of knowledge." Thus, this study develops and validates a theoretical model that explains successive search experience for essentially the same information problem. The proposed model is called Multiple Information Seeking Episodes (MISE), which consists of four dimensions: problematic situation, information problem, information seeking process, episodes. Eight modes of multiple information seeking episodes are identified and specified with properties of the four dimensions of MISE. The results partially validate MISE by finding that the original MISE model is highly accurate, but less sufficient in characterizing successive searches; all factors in the MISE model are empirically confirmed, but new factors are identified as weIl. The revised MISE model is shifted from the user-centered to the interaction-centered perspective, taking into account factors of searcher, system, search activity, search context, information attainment, and information use activities.

Date

10. 4.2005 14:52:22

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Abstract

Describes work carried out at doctoral level which investigated the ways in which journalists construct environmental news in Scotland. Focuses on the methods and tacit rules which reporters employ to locate, select and retrieve information for news stories. Journalists retrieve information from a complex range of sources. Addresses the information sources which are used in the news process. Examines the preference for human sources as opposed to library based information and discusses the influence of pragmatic constraints like time and space on the production of news

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Abstract

Hertfordshire Libraries, Arts & Information, UK, has made its library catalogue and a community information resource of over 10.000 items available on the WWW through the ALS InfoCentre system. It is currently discussing establishing a managed service for the WWW server in order to maintain a fresh presence on the Web and to sell Web space to recoup investment

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Abstract

The Brandeis University main library, Waltham, MA, reference service scored highly on the Wisconsin-Ohio Reference Evaluation Programme (WOREP). Reports on a site visit to Brandeis carried out in 1996 to determine how its reference library performance differs from the perfromance of the typical academic reference deparrtment in the areas covered by the WOREP data. Findings indicate that intensive use of electronic resources, a good reference collection, good architecture, administrative support and adequate time provided by the consultation model contributed to service quality

Source

Journal of academic librarianship. 22(1996) no.6, S.423-429

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on the information behavior of practicing visual artists to determine if a consistent model emerges and what further research is necessary. Design/methodology/approach - Works dealing with the information needs and uses relevant to the creative activities of visual artists are discussed in the paper. These works are assessed for their contributions toward understanding of the specific information behaviors of practicing artists. Findings - The results show that a consistent model of artists' information behavior emerges. However, nearly all of the literature focuses on art students, academic art faculty, or librarians, and so any claim that practicing artists fit the model is largely unsupported by research. There have been no published studies of communities of practicing visual artists. The implications of defining artists as communities of practice are discussed. Research limitations/implications - Research is proposed that studies the information behavior of communities of practicing visual artists in order to confirm or amend the existing model. Practical implications - Practitioners will have their attention drawn to an underserved user population whose information needs and behaviors have not been directly targeted for research. They will recognize the need for study of their own artist communities and the development of services for them. Originality/value - This paper directs the discussion of artists' information behavior away from the art-library-specific literature, where it has largely resided, as a means of adjusting the focus of research onto the largely unstudied and underserved communities of practicing artists.

Date

7. 6.2008 12:22:23

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Abstract

This article marries the study of serious leisure pursuits with library and information science's (LIS) interest in people's everyday use, need, seeking, and sharing of information. Using a qualitative approach, the role of information as a phenomenon was examined in relation to the leisure activity of hobbyist collecting. In the process, a model and a typology for these collectors were developed. We find that the information needs and information seeking of hobbyist collectors is best represented as an interrelationship between information and object needs, information sources, and interactions between collectors and their publics. Our model of the role of information in a particular domain of hobbyist collecting moves away from the idea of one individual seeking information from formal systems and shifts towards a model that takes seriously the social milieu of a community. This collecting community represents a layer of a social system with complex interactions and specialized information needs that vary across collector types. Only the serious collectors habitually engage in information seeking and, occasionally, in information dissemination, in the traditional sense, yet information flows through the community and serves as a critical resource for sustaining individual and communal collecting activities.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:01:49

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Abstract

Professional librarians operate in an environment characterized by a high level of change. In order to respond to this information environment, it is essential for science and engineering librarians to keep pace with the staggering growth in research information and resources, and with the heightened expectation of the populations with which they interact. The paradox of the need for subject specificity coupled with the need for diversity of subject knowledge presents reference librarians with an unusual challenge. Continuing education programs that are woven into the fabric of job responsibilities can be utilized effectively to enhance the abilities of reference librarians and the quality of services delivered. In this article, Cromer and Testi present a model of a structured, integrated continuing education program for reference librarians utilized at the University of New Mexico's Centennial Science and Engineering Library

Source

Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.51-58

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Abstract

Describes the EDUCATE (End User Courses in Information Access through Communications Technology) project for end user training in information access. EDUCATE is a Commission of the European Communities, Libraries Programme Project, involving: Limerick University, Ireland (coordinator); and the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, France; Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Imperial College, London; and Plymouth University, UK; and Barcelona University, Spain. the aim is to produce a model self paced user education course in the selection and use of information tools. Courses have been produced within physics and electric and electronic engineering. the project started in Feb 94 and will run for 3 years. Describes the course ddesign and the media developed. Discusses the use of networks in connection with EDUCATE and notes the tools and interfaces used

Source

IFLA journal. 22(1996) no.1, S.31-34

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Abstract

Selecting electronic resources requires both a policy statement to guide collection development and management and procedures to manage the process of selecting and handling these resources. Both policy and procedures must be crafted in response to local priorities, resources, limitations, and organizational structure. This paper examines issues that should be addressed when developing local procedures. Particular emphasis is given to preparing a mechanism to guide selection. One possible model - a decision-making matrix to guide selection between various media and modes of information delivery - is explored.

Series

Cataloging and classification quarterly; vol.22, nos.3/4

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Abstract

Users of international libraries, such as the UN library in Geneva, are themselves highly skilled in using electronic information sources and expect to have access to the most up to date equipment. The librarian/user relationship is thus cooperative, with the user often more expert in using new tools than the librarian. There is no formal network of international libraries, which stand outside overall information policies, though libraries such as those of the UN coordinate standards and activities. The role of the librarian in this context, as exemplified by the Genova library, embraces 3 functions: producer (creation of databases and bibliographies eg those of the Department of Human Rights); trainer (continuing education for both colleagues and users); and mediator (making information and documentation available to the public eg CD-ROM and video publications of archive material celebrating the UN's 50th anniversary). With increasing use of the Internet and the personalisation of information, the library is becoming more like a cafe, offering an information space for individualistic users

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Abstract

New trends and pressures in the academic library, in particular technology and remote use, have prompted a re-assessment of the quality and effectiveness of reference, especially as regards patron needs and preferences. Describes a focus group study conducted between spring 1995 and spring 1996 at the main library of Johns Hopkins University, Maryland. The study was designed to elicit information about how patrons were dealing with the rapidly changing technological environment, and how helpful they felt reference staff were to them; how to assist the library in the redesign of service space, signage, and instructional materials; and the most effective way to conduct instruction. Findings show that many people are uncomfortable asking questions, most have difficulty with basic information retrieval principles and many did not see library instruction as a priority. Discusses the implications of these findings for reference work in the academic library

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper seeks to understand how users know when to stop searching for more information when the information space is so saturated that there is no certainty that the relevant information has been identified. Design/methodology/approach - Faculty, undergraduate and graduate students participated in focus group interviews to investigate what leads them to satisfice their information needs. Findings - Academic library users describe both qualitative and quantitative criteria, which lead them to make rational choices determining when "enough" information satisfices their need. The situational context of both the participants' specific information need and their role in academic society affects every stage of their search - from the selection of the first resource, to ongoing search strategies, to decisions on how much information is enough. Originality/value - These findings broaden the scope of earlier user research, which tends to focus on the more static views of habitual information-seeking and -searching behavior, by applying theoretical frameworks for a richer understanding of the users' experiences.

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Abstract

Reports on the Southern California Online Users Group annual workshop, which broke all previous attendance records. The topic was 'Radical redesign of reference and research', and common threads among speakers included the need for a new reference/research model that will scale with future needs, and the now common standard of round the clock service availability. Print could become a secondary medium to digital data, primarily delivered over the Internet, and that information vendors be forced to change pricing structures. Librarians from public, corporate, and academic sectors have begun building Web sites around links to their own data and to other quality sites as a means of providing 24 hour services. Vendors might consider creating new price comparison services, or offering proce guarantees, to compete with this new phenomenon

Date

22. 2.1999 18:08:25

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Abstract

The disintermediation that will inevitably result from the increased electronic publication of specialized scholarly information affords an excellent opportunity for one of the traditional intermediaries (e.g., libraries, publishers) to assume responsibilities previously held by other intermediaries. Members of the academy should use this opportunity to take back the responsibility for a significant portion of the specialized scholarly publishing that has, in the traditional environment, been placed in the hands of external publishers. The most imposing impediment to such a reappropriation by the academy derives from the inability of institutions to cooperate with each other. If new attitudes could be created within the academy to circumvent that obstruction, then an academy-based process of scholarly information exchange would finally be feasible. One effective model for such a new form of scholarly publishing would be to establish separate domains, or designated channels, for individual disciplines.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

This study focuses on the task as a fundamental factor in the context of information seeking. The purpose of the study is to characterize kinds of tasks and to examine how different kinds of task give rise to different kinds of information-seeking behavior on the Web. For this, a model for information-seeking behavior was used employing dimensions of information-seeking strategies (ISS), which are based on several behavioral dimensions. The analysis of strategies was based on data collected through an experiment designed to observe users' behaviors. Three tasks were assigned to 30 graduate students and data were collected using questionnaires, search logs, and interviews. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data identified 14 distinct information-seeking strategies. The analysis showed significant differences in the frequencies and patterns of ISS employed between three tasks. The results of the study are intended to facilitate the development of task-based information-seeking models and to further suggest Web information system designs that support the user's diverse tasks.

Date

22. 3.2009 18:54:15