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Nuovo soggettario : guida al sistema italiano di indicizzazione per soggetto, prototipo del thesaurus (2007)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 34(2007) no.1, S.58-60 (P. Buizza): "This Nuovo soggettario is the first sign of subject indexing renewal in Italy. Italian subject indexing has been based until now on Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane (Firenze, 1956), a list of preferred terms and see references, with suitable hierarchical subdivisions and cross references, derived from the subject catalogue of the National Library in Florence (BNCF). New headings later used in Bibliografia nazionale italiana (BNI) were added without references, nor indeed with any real maintenance. Systematic instructions on how to combine the terms are lacking: the indexer using this instrument is obliged to infer the order of terms absent from the lists by consulting analogous entries. Italian libraries are suffering from the limits of this subject catalogue: vocabulary is inadequate, obsolete and inconsistent, the syndetic structure incomplete and inaccurate, and the syntax ill-defined, poorly explained and unable to reflect complex subjects. In the nineties, the Subject Indexing Research Group (Gruppo di ricerca sull'indicizzazione per soggetto, GRIS) of the AIB (Italian Library Association) developed the indexing theory and some principles of PRECIS and drew up guidelines based on consistent principles for vocabulary, semantic relationships and subject string construction, the latter according to role syntax (Guida 1997). In overhauling the Soggettario, the National Library in Florence aimed at a comprehensive indexing system. (A report on the method and evolution of the work has been published in Knowledge Organization (Lucarelli 2005), while the feasibility study is available in Italian (Per un nuovo Soggettario 2002). Any usable terms from the old Soggettario will be transferred to the new system, while taking into consideration international norms and interlinguistic compatibility, as well as applications outside the immediate library context. The terms will be accessible via a suitable OPAC operating on the most advanced software.
An entry is structured so as to present all the essential elements of the indexing system. For each term are given: category, facet, related terms, Dewey interdisciplinary class number and, if necessary; definition or scope notes. Sources used are referenced (an appendix in the book lists those used in the current work). Historical notes indicate whenever a change of term has occurred, thus smoothing the transition from the old lists. In chapter 5, the longest one, detailed instructions with practical examples show how to create entries and how to relate terms; upper relationships must always be complete, right up to the top term, whereas hierarchies of related terms not yet fully developed may remain unfinished. Subject string construction consists in a double operation: analysis and synthesis. The former is the analysis of logical functions performed by single concepts in the definition of the subject (e.g., transitive actions, object, agent, etc.) or in syntactic relationships (transitive relationships and belonging relationship), so that each term for those concepts is assigned its role (e.g., key concept, transitive element, agent, instrument, etc.) in the subject string, where the core is distinct from the complementary roles (e.g., place, time, form, etc.). Synthesis is based on a scheme of nuclear and complementary roles, and citation order follows agreed-upon principles of one-to-one relationships and logical dependence. There is no standard citation order based on facets, in a categorial logic, but a flexible one, although thorough. For example, it is possible for a time term (subdivision) to precede an action term, when the former is related to the latter as the object of action: "Arazzi - Sec. 16.-17. - Restauro" [Tapestry - 16th-17th century - Restoration] (p. 126). So, even with more complex subjects, it is possible to produce perfectly readable strings covering the whole of the subject matter without splitting it into two incomplete and complementary headings. To this end, some unusual connectives are adopted, giving the strings a more discursive style.
Thesaurus software is based on AgroVoc (http:// www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm) provided by the FAO, but in modified form. Many searching options and contextualization within the full hierarchies are possible, so that the choice of morphology and syntax of terms and strings is made easier by the complete overview of semantic relationships. New controlled terms will be available soon, thanks to the work in progress - there are now 13,000 terms, of which 40 percent are non-preferred. In three months, free Internet access by CD-ROM will cease and a subscription will be needed. The digital version of old Soggettario and the corresponding unstructured lists of headings adopted in 1956-1985 are accessible together with the thesaurus, so that the whole vocabulary, old and new, will be at the fingertips of the indexer, who is forced to work with both tools during this transition period. In the future, it will be possible to integrate the thesaurus into library OPACs. The two parts form a very consistent and detailed resource. The guide is filled with examples; the accurate, clearly-expressed and consistent instructions are further enhanced by good use of fonts and type size, facilitating reading. The thesaurus is simple and quick to use, very rich, albeit only a prototype; see, for instance, a list of DDC numbers and related terms with their category and facet, and then entries, hierarchies and so on, and the capacity of the structure to show organized knowledge. The excellent outcome of a demanding experimentation, the intended guide welcomes in a new era of subject indexing in Italy and is highly recommended. The new method has been designed to be easily teachable to new and experimented indexers.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."
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Nistico, R.: Studio e indicizzazione delle dediche librarie (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 20:41:06
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: The study and indexing of book dedications
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Cecchini, C.; Zanchetta, C.; Paolo Borin, P.; Xausa, G.: Computational design e sistemi di classificazione per la verifica predittiva delle prestazioni di sistema degli organismi edilizi : Computational design and classification systems to support predictive checking of performance of building systems (2017)
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- Abstract
- The aim of control the economic, social and environmental aspects connected to the construction of a building imposes a systematic approach for which t is necessary to make test models aimed to a coordinate analysis of different and independent performance issues. BIM technology, referring to interoperable informative models, offers a significant operative basis to achieve this necessity. In most of the cases, informative models concentrate on a product-based digital models collection built in a virtual space, more than on the simulation of their relational behaviors. This relation, instead, is the most important aspect of modelling because it marks and characterizes the interactions that can define the building as a system. This study presents the use of standard classification systems as tools for both the activation and validation of an integrated performance-based building process. By referring categories and types of the informative model to the codes of a technological and performance-based classification system, it is possible to link and coordinate functional units and their elements with the indications required by the AEC standards. In this way, progressing with an incremental logic, it is possible to achieve the management of the requirements of the whole building and the monitoring of the fulfilment of design objectives and specific normative guidelines.
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Giunti, M.C.: Soggettazione (2002)
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- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Alphabetical subject indexing
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Ballestra, L.: ¬L'¬indicizzazione semantica al tempo del web (2008)
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- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Semantic indexing in the time of the web
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Atti del sminario di studi sulla CDU. Roma, 22. settembre 1975. A cura di Maria Pia Carosella (1977)
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Grimaldi, T.: ¬L'indicizzazione dal punto di vista cognitivo (II) (1996)
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- Abstract
- In relation to indexing, one of the chief implications of cognitive epistemology is the necessity for redefining knowledge representation concepts for information filing and retrieval purposes. Such a redefinition involves abandoning the traditional, hierarchical, closed-structure classification model. Considers the following in detail: a semiotic critique of classification principles; Ranganathan's classification theory; Ranganathan and cognitive epistemology; and some reflections on the DDC and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Indexing from the cognitive viewpoint (II)
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Bellei, M.: ¬Un catalogo 'ricco' (1998)
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- Abstract
- To enhance descriptions, cataloguers can add 'enriching' words or phrases to titles, or introduce content-enriched access features to aid subject-based research. Additional and natural language subject headings designed to support, though not replace, controlled language headings can result in enhanced indexing. Analytical cataloguing and double indexing are 2 other means by which readers can gian access to additional bibliographic data. Also examines how online research tool effectiveness can be enhanced by a system of automatic links between descriptors
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Paradisi, F.: Analisi a faccette e categorie semantiche per i termini giuridici nel Thesaurus del Nuovo soggettario (2008)
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- Abstract
- Nuovo soggettario, edited by the National Central Library of Florence and published in 2007, is a subject indexing system renewing the existing »Soggettario per i cataloghi delle biblioteche italiane« (1956). The new language has been created according to rules and standards internationally recognized and is made up of various components, of which the multidisciplinary Thesaurus is the central one. This paper describes the facet analysis method adopted in developing the Thesaurus, (the terms of which derive mainly from the daily indexing work of the Italian National Bibliography) and how this has been applied to the semantic structure for legal terms. Details are also given concerning problems deriving from the overlapping of facets and how these are being resolved.
- Source
- New pespectives on subject indexing and classification: essays in honour of Magda Heiner-Freiling. Red.: K. Knull-Schlomann, u.a
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Buizza, P.; Guerrini, M.: ¬Un modello concettuale per il nuovo Soggettario : l'indicizzazione per soggetto alla luce di FRBR (2001)
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- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: A conceptual model for the new BNCF subject headings: subject indexing in the light of FRBR
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Grimaldi, T.: ¬L'¬indicizzazione dal punto di vista cognitivo (1995)
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- Abstract
- Looks at current research into the cognitve aspects of information search and retrieval by library users. Illustrates the theoretical approach to indexing procedures, developed from a cognitive viewpoint, and outlines the basics of cognitive epistemology. Discusses the work of psychologist W. Kintsch and linguist T.A. van Dijk on the mechanics of information acquisition, text comprehension and text production. Analyses the linguistic theory of meaning, and summarises the main criticisms of the cognitive approach, as propounded by B. Frohmann, B.C. Brookes, R.L. Derr and D. Rudd, among others
- Footnote
- Übers. des Titels: Indexing from the cognitive viewpoint
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Serrai, A.: Storia e critica della catalogazione bibliografica (1994)
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- Abstract
- Describes the work of mediaeval librarians such as Paulaus Melissus and looks at current problems in cataloguing bibliographies. One of these is that the material used does not have the precise algorithmic format required by information technology; today's electronic cataloguing methods are merely a translation of the former manual ones e.g. book title keywords, and have similar defects. Analyses the 3 basi features of books i.e. text, text edition and materials used, and criticises traditional indexing methods
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Serrai, A.: ¬La specificita della bibliografia (1995)
0.01
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- Abstract
- Bibliography' s claim to be a discipline is founded on its specific and exclusive concerns with knowledge organization structures and with the logical tools needed for indexing procedures. Discusses in a historical context the theoretical bases of bibliography, exploring such themes as the problems of author/reader communication and the abandonment of university accepted document classification criteria. Suggests that probably the only way to restore bibliographic communication is to adopt cognitive and regulatory 'maps' based on literary communication
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Cheti, A.: L'indicizzazione per soggetto negli anni Novanta (1996)
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- Abstract
- Considers the development in subject heading systems in Europe and America in recent years. Presents these developments in terms of the indexing languages used, the methods of subject analysis used, and the instruments comprised by the different systems (e.g. the rules governing the control of vocabulary and the construction of strings). Discusses the principles underlying the systems
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Danesi, D.: Chi ha paura dell'uomo nero? : Maltese e il controllo terminologico (1997)
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- Abstract
- Takes issue with the views of Diego Maltese on the control of terms for subject indexing, as promulgated by GRIS, an Italian body developing a guide and thesauri in this area, for Italian subjects
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Serrai, A.: Johann Michael Franke e il catalogo della Bibliotheca Bunaviana (1750-1756) (1995)
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- Abstract
- The Bünau Library catalogue (1750-56), which initially comprised 3 tomes of 7 volumes and had 16.000 authors listed in its final index, is the most systematically structured in the history of bibliography, its architecture being so analytical that it almost fulfils the librarian's dream of so organising a collection that it develops organically from within. Describes with examples of indexing the work of the Bünau Library's first director, J.M. Franke (1717-75), who began his task with the 42.000 volumes in Count Heinrich von Bülau's private collection, and later supervised their incorporation with the Brühl and Dresden Electoral Library collections
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Tammaro, A.M.: Catalogando, catalogando ... metacatalogando (1997)
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- Abstract
- A crucial question for librarians is whether to catalogue Internet information sources, and electronic sources in general, which may contain metainformation of the texts of articles. Librarians can help researchers with data identification and access in 4 ways: making OPAC available on the Internet; providing a complete selection of Gopher, Ftp, WWW, etc. site lists; maintaining a Web site, coordinateted by the library, that functions as an Internet access point; and organising access to existing search engines that do automatic indexing. Briefly reviews several metadata formats, including USMARC field 856, IAFA templates, SOIP (Harvest), TEI Headers, Capcas Head and URC
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Visintin, G.: Passaggi (1998)
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- Date
- 22. 2.1999 20:40:57
-
Aghemo, A.: Anche l'arte ha sue regole : e possibile anche per il bibliotecario del servizio d'informazione fondare la sua attivita su un 'codice' certo? (1993)
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- Date
- 6. 4.1996 13:22:31
-
Aghemo, A.: Come valutare il servizio di informazione (1993)
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- Date
- 6. 4.1996 13:22:31
