Search (38 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × theme_ss:"Hypertext"
  1. Baoming, Z.: Authoring a hypertext database : experiences with HyperPAD (1993) 0.06
    0.0638698 = product of:
      0.1277396 = sum of:
        0.1277396 = sum of:
          0.078933574 = weight(_text_:network in 2761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.078933574 = score(doc=2761,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                0.05146125 = queryNorm
              0.3444231 = fieldWeight in 2761, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2761)
          0.048806023 = weight(_text_:22 in 2761) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.048806023 = score(doc=2761,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.05146125 = queryNorm
              0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 2761, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2761)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    In a hypertext database, the information is presented as a network of nodes connected by links. Such nodes may be text, graphics, audio, video, and even other software. Although hypertext provides a new approach to information management, it also leaves a whole new set of problems for the designers of the hypertext database to solve. As the volume of information grows, the task of authoring a hypertext database becomes much more complex. In this article, the author presents the experiences during the development of a hypertext version of the user's guide for information services on JANET, in the UK, by using HyperPAD, a hypertext shell for the IBM PC. It may be the first step to explore the proper way to solve those problems which come together with the increasing application of hypertext
    Source
    Aslib proceedings. 45(1993) no.1, S.19-22
  2. Machovec, G.S.: World Wide Web : accessing the Internet (1993) 0.03
    0.031893983 = product of:
      0.06378797 = sum of:
        0.06378797 = product of:
          0.12757593 = sum of:
            0.12757593 = weight(_text_:network in 4534) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.12757593 = score(doc=4534,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.5566718 = fieldWeight in 4534, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4534)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    The World Wide Web (WWW) is one of the newest tools available to assist in the navigation of the Internet. As with other client/server network tools such as Gopher and WAIS, developments with the Web are in a dynamic state of change. Basically, WWW is an effort to organize information on the Internet plus local information into a set of hypertext documents; a person navigates the network by moving from one document to another via a set of hypertext links
  3. Nickerson, G.: World Wide Web : Hypertext from CERN (1992) 0.03
    0.028190564 = product of:
      0.05638113 = sum of:
        0.05638113 = product of:
          0.11276226 = sum of:
            0.11276226 = weight(_text_:network in 4535) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.11276226 = score(doc=4535,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.492033 = fieldWeight in 4535, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4535)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Describes WorldWideWeb (WWW) software developed at CERN to provide hypertext links to the resources on the Internet telecommunications network. Outlines how to access WWW, itd features and approach to handling of multiple document types on multiplatform servers and to multiple clients
  4. Flanders, B.: On-line books : an advanced technology electronic library system (1992) 0.03
    0.027907236 = product of:
      0.05581447 = sum of:
        0.05581447 = product of:
          0.11162894 = sum of:
            0.11162894 = weight(_text_:network in 2661) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.11162894 = score(doc=2661,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.48708782 = fieldWeight in 2661, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2661)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    The US Marine Corps has developed an information storage retrieval system, On-line Books that gives remote access to the complete text of the Marine Corps University war-fighting collection. Searching is through hypertext capabilities and document delivery via mailed printouts or electronic mail. Central to the system is the storage machine a main-frame attached, optical disc based network archive searver developed by File Tek Inc. Its main architectural components are: a channel network interface, a storage and transfer processor, a layered storage hierarchy composed of magnetic disc, multiple terabytes of optical discs mounted in a robotic library and shelf storage. Details the storage machine's architecture and describes other projects in the USA currently utilising multigigabyte storage technology
  5. Schreiweis, U.: Hypertextstrukturen als Grundlage für integrierte Wissensakquisitionssysteme (1993) 0.03
    0.027889157 = product of:
      0.055778313 = sum of:
        0.055778313 = product of:
          0.11155663 = sum of:
            0.11155663 = weight(_text_:22 in 8762) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.11155663 = score(doc=8762,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 8762, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=8762)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    19.10.1995 10:22:53
  6. Aßfalg, R.: Integration eines offenen Hypertextsystems in den Internet-Mehrwertdienst World Wide Web : ein Ansatz unter Verwendung eines objektorientierten Datenbanksystems (1996) 0.02
    0.024403011 = product of:
      0.048806023 = sum of:
        0.048806023 = product of:
          0.097612046 = sum of:
            0.097612046 = weight(_text_:22 in 6562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.097612046 = score(doc=6562,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6562, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6562)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 2.1997 19:40:31
  7. Menges, T.: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Übertragbarkeit eines Buches auf Hypertext am Beispiel einer französischen Grundgrammatik (Klein; Kleineidam) (1997) 0.02
    0.024403011 = product of:
      0.048806023 = sum of:
        0.048806023 = product of:
          0.097612046 = sum of:
            0.097612046 = weight(_text_:22 in 1496) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.097612046 = score(doc=1496,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1496, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1496)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 7.1998 18:23:25
  8. Chen, C.: Generalised similarity analysis and pathfinder network scaling (1998) 0.02
    0.023920486 = product of:
      0.04784097 = sum of:
        0.04784097 = product of:
          0.09568194 = sum of:
            0.09568194 = weight(_text_:network in 3764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09568194 = score(doc=3764,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.41750383 = fieldWeight in 3764, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3764)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Introduces a generic approach to the development of hypermedia information systems. Emphasises the role of intrinsic inter-document relationships in structuring and visualising a large hypermedia information space. Illustrates the use of this approach based on 3 types of similarity measurements: hypertext linkage, content similarity and usage patterns. Salient patterns in these relationships are extracted and visualised in a simle and intuitive associated network. The spatial layout of a visualisation is optimised such that closely related documents are placed near to each other and only those intrinsic connections among them are shown to users as automatically generated virtual links. Supports self-organized information space transformation based on usage patterns and othe feedback such that the visual strucutre of the information space is incrementally tailored to users' search and browsing styles
  9. Savoy, J.; Desbois, D.: Information retrieval in hypertext systems (1991) 0.02
    0.022552451 = product of:
      0.045104902 = sum of:
        0.045104902 = product of:
          0.090209804 = sum of:
            0.090209804 = weight(_text_:network in 4452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.090209804 = score(doc=4452,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3936264 = fieldWeight in 4452, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4452)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    The emphasis in most hypertext systems is on the navigational methods, rather than on the global document retrieval mechanisms. When a search mechanism is provided, it is often restricted to simple string matching or to the Boolean model (as an alternate method). proposes a retrieval mechanism using Bayesian inference networks. The main contribution of this approach is the automatic construction of this network using the expected mutual information measure to build the inference tree, and using Jaccard's formula to define fixed conditional probability relationships
  10. Hutchings, G.A.: Stackmaker: an environment for creating hypermedia learning material (1992) 0.02
    0.022552451 = product of:
      0.045104902 = sum of:
        0.045104902 = product of:
          0.090209804 = sum of:
            0.090209804 = weight(_text_:network in 4581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.090209804 = score(doc=4581,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3936264 = fieldWeight in 4581, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4581)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Hypermedia has been proposed as an adjunct to printed material within the educational process. Creating a highly interconnected hypermedia network is complex and time consuming, with overviews of the content and structure of the information seemingly essential in order to avoid the disorientation and cognitive overload problems often described. Describes an environment designed to facilitate the creation of such support facilities, enabling the teacher to concentrate on the content and structure of the information presented
  11. Savoy, J.: Searching information in legal hypertext systems (1993/94) 0.02
    0.022552451 = product of:
      0.045104902 = sum of:
        0.045104902 = product of:
          0.090209804 = sum of:
            0.090209804 = weight(_text_:network in 757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.090209804 = score(doc=757,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3936264 = fieldWeight in 757, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=757)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Hypertext may represent a new paradigm capable of exploring legal sources within which links are established according to pertinent relationships found between statute texts and case law. However, to discover relvant information in such a network, a browsing mechanism is not enough when faced with a large column of texts. Describes a new retrieval model where documents are represented according to both their content and relationship with other sources of information
  12. Filho, L.V.: Hipertexto : visao geral de uma nova tecnologica de informacao (1995) 0.02
    0.022552451 = product of:
      0.045104902 = sum of:
        0.045104902 = product of:
          0.090209804 = sum of:
            0.090209804 = weight(_text_:network in 3129) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.090209804 = score(doc=3129,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3936264 = fieldWeight in 3129, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3129)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Provides an overview of hypermedia and hypertext systems including some historical background, a definiton of the technology, and a description of the basic concepts, navigation of a network, principal characteristics of the interface, and the provision of storage. Provides an example of a hypertext application in the information field: an experimental bibliographic hypercatalogue. Discusses the difficulties associated with hypertext systems, describes some experiments and applications, offers some predictions and some suggestions for further research
  13. Hekmatpour, A.: ¬An adaptive presentation model for hypermedia information systems (1995) 0.02
    0.022552451 = product of:
      0.045104902 = sum of:
        0.045104902 = product of:
          0.090209804 = sum of:
            0.090209804 = weight(_text_:network in 4721) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.090209804 = score(doc=4721,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3936264 = fieldWeight in 4721, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4721)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Presents a 3 facet adaptive authoring model for online hypermedia information systems. It provides spatial reconfiguration of the presentation objects based on activation frequency, information content customization based on author specified criteria, and hypergraphic network optimization based on usage. Discusses the theory underlying the model, its architecture and hypermedia structure, and provides a preliminary quantitative measure and evaluation of its impact on authoring time, as well as study time
  14. Carrara, P.; Ventura, A.D.; Gagliardi, I.: Designing hypermedia information retrieval systems for multimedia art catalogues (1996) 0.02
    0.019733394 = product of:
      0.039466787 = sum of:
        0.039466787 = product of:
          0.078933574 = sum of:
            0.078933574 = weight(_text_:network in 501) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.078933574 = score(doc=501,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.3444231 = fieldWeight in 501, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=501)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Multimedia art catalogues present a number of recurring characteristics in both the type of data and the users involved, and in the type of operations required. Typical data include textual catalogue cards manageable through an information retrieval system (IRS), as well as textual captions, images, video and speech, strutured as a hypermedia network. Proposes a model for the design of these applications and discusses its effectiveness in improving the quality of the application. The model exploits a multi-level design approach to organize data and access structures of the IRS while the entity-relationship (E-R) approach, tailored to model hypermedia applications, is adopted to describe the structure of the documents and their links
  15. Tergan, S.-O.: Zum Aufbau von Wissensstrukturen mit Texten und Hypertexten (1993) 0.02
    0.017430723 = product of:
      0.034861445 = sum of:
        0.034861445 = product of:
          0.06972289 = sum of:
            0.06972289 = weight(_text_:22 in 2927) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.06972289 = score(doc=2927,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2927, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2927)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Source
    Nachrichten für Dokumentation. 44(1993) H.1, S.15-22
  16. Griffith, C.: What's all the hype about hypertext? (1989) 0.02
    0.017430723 = product of:
      0.034861445 = sum of:
        0.034861445 = product of:
          0.06972289 = sum of:
            0.06972289 = weight(_text_:22 in 2505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.06972289 = score(doc=2505,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2505, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2505)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Source
    Information today. 6(1989) no.4, S.22-24
  17. Welsch, L.A.: Multimedia and hypermedia : model and framework (1993) 0.02
    0.017430723 = product of:
      0.034861445 = sum of:
        0.034861445 = product of:
          0.06972289 = sum of:
            0.06972289 = weight(_text_:22 in 2756) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.06972289 = score(doc=2756,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2756, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2756)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Footnote
    Part of a special issue featuring papers from the workshop on hypermedia and hypertext standards held in Amsterdam, Netherlands, 22-23 April 1993
  18. Sharples, M.; Goodley, J.: ¬A comparison of algorithms for hypertext notes network linearization (1994) 0.02
    0.016914338 = product of:
      0.033828676 = sum of:
        0.033828676 = product of:
          0.06765735 = sum of:
            0.06765735 = weight(_text_:network in 8635) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.06765735 = score(doc=8635,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.29521978 = fieldWeight in 8635, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=8635)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  19. Viladenc, I.; Dupont, O.: Knowledge transfer in the field of telematics, in a didactic communicational context realized with hypermedia support (1998) 0.01
    0.014095282 = product of:
      0.028190564 = sum of:
        0.028190564 = product of:
          0.05638113 = sum of:
            0.05638113 = weight(_text_:network in 82) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.05638113 = score(doc=82,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.22917621 = queryWeight, product of:
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.2460165 = fieldWeight in 82, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  4.4533744 = idf(docFreq=1398, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=82)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    This paper describes part of a university research project which aims to construct a design method involving interactive multimedia products for knowledge acquisition. The purpose of the method is to design truly interactive multimedia products (Vidalenc, 1997), and thus to introduce a new form of writing. This is built up by adopting a constructivist paradigm that is based upon a systemic view and upon a network approach such as proposed by the sociology of translation (Callon, 1986). All our reflections are indeed based on the differentiation between two levels of information: an internal level and a sensitive level (Bouzidi and Vidalenc, 1997). However we have chosen a common model, the object oriented model, which allows us to represent the elements belonging to each level. In order to prove the validity of this proceeding, a prototype is under preparation. It is founded on the transposition of a course, which deals with telecommunications and networks, into a multimedia teaching tool. To be able to build up the prototype, taking into account the usual steps (writing the requirement schedule, choosing the necessary technology, modeling, design, implementation and evaluation), and after that, to be able to measure the conception method, a stage of analysis and assessment of the present course is necessary. The analysis of the course must allow us to identify the conditions of the knowledge transfer and provide components for the requirement schedule of the hypermedia product. This is the main subject of our reflections
  20. Rada, R.: Hypertext and paper : a special synergy (1991) 0.01
    0.013944578 = product of:
      0.027889157 = sum of:
        0.027889157 = product of:
          0.055778313 = sum of:
            0.055778313 = weight(_text_:22 in 4915) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.055778313 = score(doc=4915,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.18020853 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.05146125 = queryNorm
                0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 4915, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4915)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Source
    International journal of information management. 11(1991) no.1, S.14-22